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Serbs as a Covenant People and Community of Salvation
No full textУ првом делу чланка реч је о етногенези Срба као заветног народа. Још од времена Светог Павла, сваки крштени народ је изабрани народ. Поврх тога, Срби су Косовским заветом склопили савез с Богом којим су се укључили у Божији план Спасења. Њихова је обавеза да у вери и идентитету опстану до Другог доласка Христовог. Захваљујући Завету, Срби су очували идентитет не само у вековима у којима нису имали државу, већ и у времену кад нису имали Цркву (као институцију). У другом делу рада пореди се, најпре, заветна свест код Срба и Руса. Руси немају до краја развијен појам заветног народа, али имају развијену свест о својој хришћанској светско—историјској мисији. Поготово је ова свест дошла до изражаја с почеком рата НАТО против Русије у Украјини. Аутор указује и на појаву мањка заветне свести, па чак и на њено порицање, у делу савремене српске богословске мисли. На крају рада резимирају се три обавезе које произлазе из заветног идентитета: 1. Сведочити Христа/истину; 2. Сачувати себе у истини (катехон) и пружити отпор злу, чак и по цену телесне смрти; 3. Бити део заједнице спасења, али и радити на унапређењу шанси да се сви спасу. У свим трима тачкама постоји мешавина партикуларизма и универзализма, уздизање из посебног у опште, уз очување посебности. То је нарочито присутно у трећој тачки, где је заједница спасења истовремено и средство спасавања свих. Тако хришћанска концепција заветног народа као заједнице спасења заправо нема ничег екслузивистичког, већ је у суштини универзалистичка и окренута целокупној екумени.The first part of the article deals with the ethnogenesis of the
Serbs as a covenant people. Ever since the time of St. Paul, every baptized nation is a chosen nation. On top of that, the Serbs made an
alliance with God with the Kosovo Covenant, by which they joined
God's plan of salvation. It is their obligation to survive in faith and
identity until the Second Coming of Christ. Thanks to the Covenant,
the Serbs preserved their identity not only in the centuries when they
did not have a state, but also in the time when they did not have a
Church (as an institution). The second part of the paper first compares the covenant awareness of Serbs and Russians. Russians do not
have a fully developed concept of a covenant nation, but they have
a developed awareness of their Christian world—historical mission.
Especially this awareness became more noticeable with the start of
the NATO war against Russia in Ukraine. The author also points to
the appearance of a lack of covenant consciousness, and even its denial, in part of Serbian theological thought. At the end of the work,
three obligations arising from covenantal identity are summarized:
1. To bear witness to Christ/the truth; 2. To preserve oneself in the
truth (katechon) and resist evil, even at the cost of bodily death; 3.
To be a part of the community of salvation, but also to work to improve the chances of everyone being saved. In all three points there
is a mixture of particularism and universalism, an elevation from the
particular to the general, while preserving particularity. This is especially present in the third point, where the community of salvation
is at the same time a means of saving everyone. Thus, the Christian
conception of the covenant people as a community of salvation actually has nothing exclusivist, but is essentially universalistic and oriented towards the entire ecumenism
Introductory Study: The Wreath of Women’s Power
No full textWriting about Hungarian Queen regent Isabella Jagiellon (1519-1559) in the
middle of the sixteenth century, an Italian chronicler called her: “A masculine and
learned-spirited lady” A century earlier, another Italian chronicler, Bonfini used the
term “virago” to describe the Hungarian noblewoman Elizabeth Szilagyi (1410-
1483) when she had employed power, if not the outright authority, to place her
younger son Matthias Hunyadi (1443-1490) on the throne of the Kingdom of
Hungary. Moving south in space, and earlier, the fourteenth-century Serbian
Empress Helena of Bulgaria (Srb. Jelena) (c.1310-1374), the wife of Serbian
Emperor Stefan Dušan (c.1308-1355), was seen by her contemporary John VI
Kantakouzenos as the person whose support for Kantakuzenous was the decisive
factor in the securing the favourable outcome of the negotiations with Dušan. The
common theme running through the above-given examples is that of a virago, a
woman who appropriated and exhibited character features and behavioural
characteristics expected in men of a certain social position in the late medieval and
early modern period and was notoriously seen in connected to the notion of the
politically active women.4 Despite their political activity having been regularly
connected to the implementation of the seniorial “lordly powers” within the prescribed
restrictions of contemporary women’s roles, such endeavours had not involved a
“contradiction in gendered logic,” as Kimberley Lo Prete argued in the case study
dating as early as the beginning of this century. All these stories tell of the power
some of these women wielded throughout their lives, whilst others were able to exercise
it only for short periods and under specific circumstances
Landscape and Sensory Experience in Iron Gates Paleolithic & Mesolithic Communities
No full textCognition, emotion, and human behavior are interdependent. We gather information about the external
environment through our senses, which allows us to understand, experience, and respond to events. Data is
collected both consciously and unconsciously as we move through our surroundings. From this standpoint, I
investigate whether the behavior patterns of hunter-gatherer communities, viewed as either residential or
logistic mobility, demonstrate a different relationship with the environment in the cognitive-emotional domain.
The case study focuses on the Iron Gates area during the Late Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods,
where previous analyses of archaeological remains identified different types of mobility. A phenomenological
approach was used to observe the environment over several seasons of archaeological research. Changes
in the perception of the landscape were noted depending on the type of research: observations made during
surveys were different from those during systematic fieldwork. Personal experience highlighted the
differences between residential and logistic mobility, providing ideas and guidelines for further exploration,
rather than serving solely as an interpretative tool for analogy.
Senses were considered in relation to the proximity of perceiving stimuli (e.g., sight – distant, touch –
immediate), while environmental stimuli were evaluated according to appraisal theory and the basic division
between the known and the unknown. In this sense, foraging and shared group activities lead to a collective,
group experience, whereas in logistic mobility, the community has divided experiences depending on task
groups. Additionally, it is essential to store information for intra- and inter-generational transmission. Verbal
forms (myths and traditions) can be reinforced by the effects of other senses, especially visual and tactile,
which are stimulated by objects ('symbolic' in archaeological remains) and do not require special actions.
The uncovered remains from the case study suggest differences in landscape perception and information
storage and manipulation between different types of mobility, though it is important to consider the influence
of other pre- and post-depositional factors in the formation of archaeological material culture. Nonetheless,
the approach has shown potential for more comprehensive future research.KIEL Conference
Scales of Social, Environmental & Cultural Change
in Past Societies
Kiel University, March 24–29, 2025 - Saopštenje štampano u izvod
The programmatic context of the scene of Presentation of Christ to the Temple in the church of the Mother of God Hodegetria in the Patriarchate of Peć - A contribution to the study of the painted programme of the church of the Mother of God Hodegetria in Peć (1335-1337) and related monuments in the period of independence of the medieval Serbian state
No full textУ раду се разматра место и значење фреске Сретења у сликаном програму цркве Богородице Одигитрије у Пећкој патријаршији, тачније – специфична веза између значења фреске Сретења и њеног места у сликаном програму храма. У раду је указано да је значење сцене Сретења директно условљено местом фреске у сликаном програму храма и његовим контекстом, који често показује и значење сликаног програма храма у целини. Као аналогије оваквом програмском и идејном решењу наводе се и разматрају и други примери фресака из времена српске самосталности односно до пада Деспотовине 1459. године. У раду се обрађују и тумачења црквених писаца и делови службе празника Сретења која се односе на овај празник и објашњавају идејну везу између Сретења и Васкрсења.The paper examines the place and the significance of the fresco of the Presentation of Christ to the Temple in the painted programme of the church of the Mother of God in the Patriarchate of Peć, more precisely – the specific connection between the meaning of the fresco of the Presentation of Christ to the Temple and its place in the painted programme of the church (fig. 1, 2). In the article the reference is made to the monuments in which, as in the Church of the Mother of God in Patriarchate of Peć, the scene of the Presentation of Christ to the Temple is depicted as a counterpart to the composition of the Myrrh-bearers at the Christ’s tomb or a similar scene with emphasized resurrection symbolism. The article concludes that this arrangement of the frescoes is not random, but is often directly related to the function of the church in question as the burial place of its founder or some another person. In the Church of the Mother of God Hodegetria, the position of two frescoes – the Presentation of Christ to the Temple and
Myrrh-bearers at the Christ’s tomb – is particularly emphasized, as it is a church that is the burial place of its founder, the Serbian Archbishop Danilo the Second (1345–1337). The article shows that the meaning of the fresco of the Presentation of Christ to the Temple depends directly on its place in the painted programme of the church as a whole. As examples of this type of programmatic and conceptual solution, frescoes from the period of Serbian independence are cited in the paper, namely the following monuments: the Church of the Mother of God Ljeviška (fig. 3, 4; 1307–1313), the Church of St. Nikita near Skoplje (fig. 4, 5; 1320–1322), St. Dimitrius in the Patriarchate of Peć (fig. 7, 8; 1322–1324), the White Church of Karan (fig. 9, 10; 1340–1342), St. George at Pološko (1343–1345), St. Apostles in the Patriarchate of Peć (fig. 11, 12; mid-14th century), the Church of St. Archangels Michael and Gabriel in Lesnovo (1340/1341–1346/1347), the Church of the Mother of God in Zaum (1361), the Church of St. George tou Vounou in Kastoria (1368-1370), the Church of St. Dimitrius in Monastery of Marko (fig. 13, 14; 1376/1377) and St. Andrea Church on Treska (1389), and there are also several other examples of such a juxtaposition of scenes in Byzantine monuments some of which are cited in the paper. On the basis of the conclusions reached in this article, the opinion was expressed that in the church of St. George in Rečani (around 1370), where the Presentation scene was missing and numerous
frescoes have been destroyed (the whole church was destroyed in 1999 by Albanian extremists), the scene of Presentation of Christ to the temple was once executed in the lunette of the south wall of the central bay thus being juxtaposed with the opposite scene of Myrrh-beares on the Christ’s tomb (fig. 15, 16). The service of the Presentation of Christ to the Temple also shows the connections between the Presentation of Christ and the Resurrection, as well as church writers interpreting this event, what is topic of the second part of this paper
A behavioral definition of punishment and its occurrence in the living world
No full textVišesmislena upotreba termina, kao i korišćenje različitih termina da bi se definisali isti pojmovi, ponekad stvara, gotovo pa nerazmrsivu, semantičku zbrku, koja posebno dolazi do izražaja tamo gde se sustiču prirodne nauke, kakva je u ovom slučaju biologija i humanističke discipline, kakva je filozofija morala. Ovaj rad tematizuje korišćenje termina „kazna“ i „kažnjavanje“ u biologiji. U ovom radu, kao bolji izbor od termina „kazna“ i „kažnjavanje“ autor predlaže izraz „kažnjavajuće ponašanje“, iako ni on nije bez određenih manjkavosti, koje se odnose na opseg njegove primene, kao i na nesuglasice u naučnoj zajednici o značenju termina „ponašanje“.The ambiguous use of terminology, along with the use of different terms to describe identical concepts, sometimes gives rise to an almost inextricable semantic confusion. This issue becomes particularly evident where the natural science, such as biology, intersect with the humanities, notably moral philosophy. This paper examines the use of the terms ‘punishment’ and ‘punishing’ in biological contexts. As a preferable alternative, the author proposes the expression ‘punishing behavior’, although this expression also presents certain limitations, both in the scope of its application and in relation to ongoing disagreements within the scientific community regarding the meaning of ‘behavior’
Dvorana sa ogledalima
No full textThis paper examines the concept of set, drawing a sharp distinction between the mathematical and logical set concepts. The mathematical concept, which underpins ZF C and related systems, is based on the iterative conception of sets formed in stages. By contrast, the logical concept, originating in Frege’s work, identifies sets with the extensions of concepts. While the naive logical concept leads to paradoxes, two prominent attempts to salvage it are Russell’s Theory of Types (T T) and Quine’s New Foundations (NF). Through an analysis of Specker’s equiconsistency result, we argue that NF, despite its aim of ontological parsimony, implicitly relies on a typed structure. Evaluating NF as a Quinean explication, we conclude that it fails on pragmatic grounds due to its mathematical limitations, particularly the failure of the Axiom of Choice. Finally, we suggest that Russell’s type theory, by virtue of its structural coherence and its deep connection to the λ-calculus, offers a superior analysis of the logical concept of set.Ovaj rad razmatra pojam skupa, povlačeći oštru razliku između matematičkog i logičkog
pojma skupa. Matematički pojam, koji leži u osnovi ZF C-a i srodnih sistema, zasniva se na iterativnoj koncepciji skupova formiranih u fazama. Nasuprot tome, logički pojam, koji potiče iz Fregeovog
rada, identifikuje skupove sa ekstenzijama pojmova. Dok naivni logički pojam dovodi do paradoksa,
dva istaknuta pokušaja da se on spase su Raselova teorija tipova (T T) i Kvajnove Nove osnove (NF).
Kroz analizu Spekerovog rezultata o ekvikonzistentnosti, tvrdimo da se NF, uprkos svom cilju ontološke štedljivosti, implicitno oslanja na tipsku strukturu. Ocenjujući NF kao kvajnovsku eksplikaciju,
zaključujemo da ona ne uspeva na pragmatičkom planu zbog svojih matematičkih ograničenja, posebno
neuspeha aksiome izbora. Na kraju, sugerišemo da Raselova teorija tipova, zahvaljujući svojoj strukturnoj koherenciji i dubokoj povezanosti sa λ-računom, nudi superiorniju analizu logičkog pojma skupa
Pol, rod i pogrebna praksa sahranjivanja odraslih osoba na ranobronzanodopskim nekropolama u Mokrinu i Ostojićevu (2100-1700 p.n.e.)
No full textKonstrukcija rodnog identiteta u bronzanodopskim društvima predstavlja značajnu temu u evropskoj praistorijskoj arheologiji, koja je u poslednjih nekoliko godina ponovo dobila na aktuelnosti. Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je interakcija pola, kulture i socijalnog statusa u izgradnji društvene strukture krajem trećeg i početkom drugog milenijuma pre nove ere na primeru moriških nekropola u Mokrinu i Ostojićevu. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispita da li je i na koji način rodni identitet reflektovan i konstruisan u pogrebnoj praksi. Poređenjem biološkog pola i elemenata pogrebne prakse – strukture grobnih priloga, dimenzija rake i orijentacije tela – ispitali smo da li je rod usko vezan za pol, odnosno da li postoje rodno specifični markeri koji se mogu prepoznati kroz korelacije određenih klasa materijalne kulture, pogrebnih praksi i pola. Kada je reč o grobnim prilozima, rezultati naše analize potvrđuju rezultate prethodnih istraživanja mokrinske nekropole tj. da postoje određene klase predmeta koje se vezuju za muškarce i žene u Mokrinu. Slični obrasci otkriveni su i u Ostojićevu, gde ovakva istraživanja ranije nisu sprovođena. Kada je reč o pogrebnoj praksi, postojeće opservacije o gotovo idealnoj korelaciji između pola i orijentacije tela prilikom sahrane su potvrđene na obe nekropole, dok male razlike između polova u karakteristikama rake (dubina, širina, dužina) ne postoje na Mokrinu, ali su prisutne u Ostojićevu. Sveukupno, rezultati ukazuju na to da je rodni identitet bio usko povezan sa polom, da je normiran u aspektu orijentacije tela, a da veze između određenih klasa grobnih priloga i pola nisu direktne i jednodimenzionalne, već da su posredovane društvenim statusom, odnosno presekom društvenog statusa i rodnog identiteta, ali pre svega tokom života, a ne kao specifičan element pogrebne prakse.Srpsko arheološko društvo, Muzej Hercegovine 48. Skupština i godišnji skup
Trebinje, 29 – 31. maj 2025. godine - Saopštenje štampano u izvod
Analiza Harisovih linija kod individua sahranjenih na bronzanodopskim nekropolama Mokrin i Ostojićevo (2100 – 1800. pre nove ere): preliminarni rezultati
No full textIstraživanja kako prošlih, tako i modernih populacija pokazala su da nepovoljni uslovi u najranijem detinjstvu mogu imati dugotrajan uticaj na zdravlje i dužinu životnog veka. Ovu ideju su posebno razvili D. Barker i saradnici kroz hipotezu o Razvojnom poreklu zdravlja i bolesti (DOHaD), koja je uspostavila vezu između male težine na rođenju i povećanog rizika od razvoja kardiovaskularnih bolesti u odrasloj dobi. Poslednjih decenija, istraživači su ispitivali primenljivost ove hipoteze na arheološke populacije, manje ili više uspešno.
U okviru ovog istraživanja ispitivane su moguće dugoročne posledice fiziološkog stresa preživljenog u detinjstvu na bronzanodobnim populacijama sa nekropola u Mokrinu i Ostojićevu. Kao metodološki okvir korišćena je analiza Harisovih linija na golenjačama. Harisove linije, poznate i kao linije krize, predstavljaju radiološke manifestacije poremećaja u rastu kostiju koji su posledica perioda intenzivnog fiziološkog stresa, poput bolesti ili neuhranjenosti. Iako se koštano tkivo tokom života neprestano remodeluje, Harisove linije uglavnom ostaju trajno prisutne na radiološkim snimcima i nakon završetka rasta, što omogućava njihovu upotrebu kao pokazatelja stresa u detinjstvu kod odraslih individua.
Analizirani su radiografski snimci golenjača ukupno 113 individua sa lokaliteta Mokrin i Ostojićevo, korišćenjem softverskog alata Harris Line Tool. Rezultati su pokazali da su Harisove linije prisutne u podjednakom broju kod muškaraca i žena, što sugeriše da nije postojala izražena polna diferencijacija u pogledu izloženosti fiziološkom stresu u detinjstvu. Kod većine individua kod kojih su Harisove linije detektovane, uočen je jedan, ređe dva nalaza. Najveći broj linija formiran je između šeste i desete godine života, što može da ukaže na period povećane ranjivosti u razvoju.
Imajući u vidu ograničenja same metodologije, posebno zbog remodelovanja kostiju tokom života, neophodno je uključivanje dodatnih bioarheoloških pokazatelja stresa kako bi se rekonstruisala potpunija slika zdravstvenog statusa u detinjstvu.Srpsko arheološko društvo, Muzej Hercegovine 48. Skupština i godišnji skup
Trebinje, 29 – 31. maj 2025. godin