5307 research outputs found
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Kenya’s Data Protection Act and its jurisdictional reach: governing cross-border data transfers
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis dissertation examines the jurisdictional reach of Kenya’s DPA in regulating cross border transfers, focusing on its extraterritorial enforcement and compliance. The study evaluates whether the DPA adequately addresses the risks and challenges posed by international data transfers, emphasizing its role in safeguarding the right to privacy. The dissertation also takes a step at critically assessing the Data Protection Act's extraterritorial jurisdiction. Furthermore, the study outlines Kenya’s current legal framework. Evidence of gaps in enforcement and compliance is presented, alongside risks associated with inadequate regulation of cross-border data transfers. The findings underscore the need for policy and legal reforms to enhance the DPA's efficacy. This research offering insights into enhancing the DPA’s jurisdictional reach and fostering data privacy in a globalized digital environment
The Impact of financial literacy on macroeconomic outcomes in Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study examines the relationship between financial literacy and macroeconomic outcomes in Kenya, specifically on GDP growth, income inequality, inflation, and stock market stability. Despite Kenya’s strides in financial inclusion, a significant gap remains in the analysis of the understanding of financial services and the broader economic impacts the informed decisions drawn from the better understanding have. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study employs Instrumental Variables (IV) regression models, namely both the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML). This is to address endogeneity concerns and assess the causal link between financial literacy and key macroeconomic indicators. The results show that financial literacy significantly impacts stock market stability and income inequality but has a minimal direct impact on GDP growth and inflation in the short term. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of financial literacy programs, particularly in reducing income inequality and enhancing market stability. Moreover, the study should offer policy recommendations for integrating financial education into Kenya’s economic framework. Future research should explore the long-term effects of financial literacy and its indirect pathways to economic growth
The Effect of organization structure on the performance of supermarkets in Embakasi, Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisSupermarkets have a major impact on the economy and have the potential to contribute to job creation. Effective organizational structures within this sector can enhance organizational performance and facilitate job growth. Therefore, the supermarkets in Nairobi must adapt appropriate organizational structures to achieve the desired performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of management structure on the performance of supermarkets. Specifically, the study sought to establish how divisional, hierarchical, functional, and horizontal organizational structures on the performance of supermarkets. The study is grounded in the agency theory. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed, targeting individuals responsible for operations, finances, and customer care from supermarkets located in the Embakasi region of Nairobi County. Using a judgmental sampling approach, 315 respondents were selected from the sampled supermarkets in the specified area. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were rigorously examined for completeness, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 24. This analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The findings were displayed using tables and graphs. The results indicated that all the organizational structure factors of divisional organization structure, hierarchical organization structure, functional organization structure, and horizontal organization structure significantly influenced the performance of the Supermarket business in Embakasi Region, Nairobi County. The study recommended that the study recommended that Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Industrial Development, SMEs, and Cooperatives provide policy directives to ensure that the supermarkets put in place effective organization structures that can help the supermarkets meet their desired performance. Additionally, the two ministries should increase their training and mentorship to build capacity among supermarket management and director to adopt an effective organizational structure that can help them achieve their performance objectives. Additionally, the supermarkets need to identify the most appropriate organization that meets their own organizational needs
Perceived effectiveness of whistleblowing in detection of fraud in Kenyan Football Clubs: moderated by ethical climate
No full textFull - text thesisFraud in sports organisations undermines financial stability, integrity and public trust. In the Kenyan football Premier League, governance challenges including fraud, financial mismanagement and corruption continue to pose significant risks. Whistleblowing is a globally recognised tool for uncovering fraud, but its implementation and effectiveness within the Kenyan Football Premier League clubs remain underexplored. This study’s primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of whistleblowing systems on the detection of fraud in Kenyan Premier League Football Clubs. The specific objectives include: to examine the influence of the attributes of whistleblowing systems and to determine the influence of management perceptions towards whistleblowing on the detection of fraud in Kenyan Football Clubs. Additionally, the study sought to establish the moderating effect of ethical climate on the relationship between whistleblowing systems and the detection of fraud in Kenya. The study was underpinned by the Fraud Diamond Theory and the Machiavellianism Theory. It applied a pragmatism research philosophy along with a mixed methods research design. The target population was all the 18 football clubs in the Kenyan Premier League. A sample of 464 respondents was selected purposively. Primary data was collected using both closed and open-ended questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results were then presented using graphs and tables. The Pearson Correlation analysis indicated that all the predictor variables were positively and significantly correlated with the outcome variable. The predictor with the strongest association with the outcome variable was Attributes of Whistleblowing Systems followed by Management Perceptions Towards Whistleblowing. Additionally, Ethical Climate was found to have a positive and significant moderating role on the relationship between Whistleblowing Systems and Detection of Fraud. There are both significant and statistically significant relationships between the predictor variables and the outcome variable according to the regression analysis. The Beta Coefficient analysis showed that the Ethical Climate was the most critical determinant of Detection of Fraud, followed by Attributes of Whistleblowing Systems, and Management Perceptions Towards Whistleblowing, respectively. The study recommends that the Kenya Football federation should create clear rules to protect whistleblowers. These rules should allow football stakeholders to report wrongdoings anonymously and should protect them from being punished for speaking up. To make sure the rules are fair and accepted, the federation should involve different people in football like club officials, players and referees, when creating them. The federation should also take a strong stand against fraud by introducing tough penalties to stop dishonest behaviour in these clubs
Modeling carbon emission from cooking fuels in rural communities: a pathway to low-carbon emission
No full textFull - text thesisThe availability of clean, sustainable cooking fuel remains a fundamental obstacle throughout Kenyan rural areas since traditional biomass fuels like firewood and charcoal control household energy usage patterns. Using these fuels causes significant carbon pollution, deforestation damage, and health risks from indoor air contamination. The transition must establish low-carbon energy alternatives for effective change between environmental responsibility and reasonable cost-effectiveness. This research evaluates carbon emissions across cooking fuel types within Kenyan rural areas while identifying methods to decrease emissions. The analysis uses Microsoft Excel Software to evaluate four energy transition strategies, from Business-As-Usual (BAU) through Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) use and bioethanol and electricity combination to an extensive clean energy implementation. The study presents data-driven emission projections that combine literature research with energy consumption surveys and policy guidelines for different intervention approaches. The KNBS data shows that cooking fuel emissions will increase because of population expansion and the continued use of biomass in the Business-As-Usual context. The complete electrification of cooking equipment offers the most lasting solution against emissions reduction since it effectively surpasses LPG and bioethanol systems. The transition to sustainable cooking needs improvements in infrastructure systems, a solution for affordability, and better policy enforcement. The investigation demonstrates the pressing requirement for government-backed programs, financial resources from the private sector, and active community participation to enhance clean cooking technology adoption rates. Governments should provide financial support for green energy fuels, develop expanded power grid systems, and launch information programs to change public cooking behavior. Implementing such measures will lead rural communities towards sustainable, low-carbon cooking solutions that support countrywide and global climate objectives
Determinants of organizational performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in the Kamukunji Area, Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisMicro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are vital to Kenya’s economic development, yet their performance remains weak due to persistent challenges such as limited financing, weak entrepreneurial capacity, and burdensome tax systems. This study investigated the determinants of organizational performance of MSEs in the Kamukunji area of Nairobi County, focusing on three key factors: access to finance, entrepreneurial orientation, and taxation policies. The study was grounded in the Pecking Order Theory and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, which together provide a framework for understanding how internal financial decisions and adaptive capabilities influence business outcomes. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected from 227 MSE owners and managers using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression. The findings revealed that all three factors, access to finance, entrepreneurial orientation, and taxation policies, have significant positive associations with organizational performance. Among them, entrepreneurial orientation emerged as the strongest predictor. The results underscore the importance of internal capabilities and strategic behavior in driving performance, particularly in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. The study recommends that policymakers improve access to credit, simplify tax compliance procedures, and strengthen entrepreneurship development programs. MSE managers are also encouraged to enhance their financial management skills and embrace innovation and proactive strategies. These insights contribute to the broader discussion on MSE performance by offering evidence-based guidance for improving performance outcomes in urban informal economies
The Influence of cultural factors on intergenerational transfer of leadership in family-owned manufacturing businesses in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisCultural embeddedness in family-owned enterprises has so far been speculated to be a challenge in the transfer of leadership from one generation to another. A significant number of these businesses barely survive beyond first-generation owners primarily because of cultural factors and their perceived influence on succession. The proposed research sought to contribute to the phenomenon by examining the interaction between culture and intergenerational transfer of leadership. The main objective of this proposed research was to determine how cultural factors influence the transfer of leadership across generations in family-owned manufacturing businesses in Nairobi, Kenya. The study examined three of Hofstede’s dimensions of culture, i.e., power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism-collectivism as the independent variables. The research was anchored on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. The study targeted the owners of 120 local family-owned manufacturing companies in Kenya. The research was based on primary data and deploying a survey questionnaire for quantitative data collection from 120 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done. The study established that cultural factors had a positive relationship with intergenerational transfer of leadership in family-owned manufacturing firms in Nairobi, Kenya. Specifically, the research concluded that power distance and uncertainty avoidance will positively and significantly improve the intergenerational transfer of leadership in family-owned manufacturing firms. Individual collectivism did not have a significant effect on intergenerational transfer of leadership. The study recommends that leaders in this organization cultivate a more paternalistic/directive role where rules, directions and decisions are made based on the well-being of the group rather than the individual. The study also calls on the leaders to involve subordinates in the succession process to ensure there is understanding and continuity in the plans for the long-term. By leveraging a culture of trust and collaboration, leaders in such high uncertainty avoidance cultures can guarantee smooth transition while addressing potential pitfalls such as resistance to change. Further, organizations with low individualism/collectivism should prioritize universal leadership principles that place emphasis on competence and merit and develop flexible succession planning structures.
Key words: Intergenerational Leadership Transfer, Cultural Dimensions, Family-Owned Enterprises, Hofstede’s Theory, Succession Planning
Effect of customer experience on brand loyalty among Millennials and Gen Z consumers: the case of technology and electronics consumer goods in Nairobi County
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study explores the effect of customer experience on brand loyalty among Millennials and Gen Z consumers in Nairobi County's technology and electronics sector. The independent variable of the study is customer experience, while the dependent variable is brand loyalty. It investigates how variables such as customer service delivery, customer touchpoints, personalisation, and the overall customer journey influence brand loyalty, framed within the customer satisfaction and brand relationships are shaped by expectation fulfilment and perceived benefits versus costs. A quantitative research design was adopted to capture insights from a target population of 2,390,508 Millennials and Gen Z individuals in Nairobi County. Using the Yamane formula, a sample size of 400 participants was selected. Primary data was collected via structured questionnaires distributed through digital platforms. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression to evaluate the relationships between customer experience dimensions and brand loyalty. Findings reveal strong positive correlations between personalisation, customer service delivery, and brand loyalty, with personalization emerging as the most influential factor. The study provides original value by addressing a gap in understanding the dynamics of customer experience and brand loyalty among young Kenyan consumers in the technology and electronics sector. Key insights include the importance of efficient service delivery, responsive touchpoints, and personalised experiences in cultivating brand loyalty. The results offer actionable recommendations for businesses to enhance customer experiences and for policymakers to improve consumer protection frameworks. This research contributes to the limited literature on Kenyan Millennials and Gen Consumers, providing a foundation for future studies and practical strategies to strengthen brand loyalty in competitive markets
Influence of housing policies, legislations, approaches and designs on sustainability of housing in Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisKenya continues to face significant challenges in achieving sustainable housing, despite various initiatives aimed at addressing the issue. This study examined the sustainability of housing in Kenya, focusing on the roles of policies, legislation, housing approaches, and design innovations. Guided by Ecological Modernization, Innovation Diffusion, and Gentrification Theories, the research employed a pragmatist philosophy and a mixed-methods approach, combining exploratory and descriptive designs to analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data was collected through site visits, surveys and focus group discussions. Quantitative findings indicated strong performance in environmental compliance and site planning but highlighted gaps in long- term economic planning, technological integration, and inclusive design practices. Thematic analysis identified eight major themes: conceptual understanding, enablers, policy and governance, financing, technology, global best practices, and urban planning dimensions of sustainable housing. Lexical analysis, utilizing word clouds, emphasizing people-centered and integrated urban development approaches. Despite alignment with global sustainability goals, Kenyan housing programs face challenges related to public participation, maintenance, and the adoption of innovative designs. Legislative frameworks are constrained by high compliance costs and fragmented governance, exacerbating exclusion for low-income populations. There is a thirty two percent chance that current laws, policies, methods, and designs will result in sustainable housing in Kenya. Although innovative design solutions exist, their application is hindered by cost and technical barriers. The study concludes by advocating for a holistic, people-centered housing policy that integrates environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It calls for legislative reform, technological adoption, and policy frameworks that bridge top-down governance with grassroots innovation to foster sustainable and inclusive housing in Kenya.
Key Words: Housing Policies, Legislative Frameworks, Housing Approaches, Design Innovations, Sustainability of Housing, Urban Development
Pet ownership and healthcare in Kenya: evaluating the national legislative framework against the authoritative guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectIn Kenya, the healthcare and welfare of pets are inadequately addressed within the existing legal framework. Laws such as the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1962 focus primarily on addressing acts of cruelty but lack depth in regulating modern pet healthcare and ownership. While institutions like the Kenya Society for the Protection and Care of Animals (KSPCA) advocate for animal welfare, enforcement mechanisms remain weak, and the legislative framework largely prioritizes wildlife conservation and livestock management. Kenya’s pet healthcare system also falls short of aligning with international standards set by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), which emphasize comprehensive welfare and veterinary practices. This study critically evaluates Kenya’s legislative framework for pet healthcare and ownership, with a focus on its alignment to OIE standards and comparisons with jurisdictions like the United Kingdom and South Africa, which have advanced systems of animal welfare. Using a doctrinal research approach, the study identifies gaps in the existing legal provisions and proposes actionable reforms to strengthen Kenya’s pet healthcare laws. By addressing these shortcomings, the research aims to provide a robust legal framework for safeguarding pets’ healthcare and welfare, ensuring alignment with international best practices