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Teachers’ use of ICT in implementing Competency-Based Curriculum in Public Junior Secondary Schools in Kisumu West Sub-County in Kenya
No full textFull - text thesisIntegration of digital literacy in Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) is a significant step towards the 21st century skills in the education system in Kenya. Global, regional, and local findings suggest that the world is rapidly changing and digital economy continues to gain traction in many societies. This study investigates the effectiveness of teachers' integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in implementing a competency-based curriculum in public junior secondary schools in Kenya, focusing on whether current ICT usage aligns with curriculum goals and enhances learning outcomes. Through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data, the study captured teachers' experiences, evaluated curriculum implementation strategies, and analyzed student performance metrics. Key findings indicate that while ICT is used in varied capacities, significant gaps remain in its alignment with competency-based curriculum objectives. Teachers demonstrated a generally positive attitude towards ICT integration; however, challenges such as lack of training, inadequate resources, and infrastructural limitations were prevalent, hindering effective implementation. Various challenges in integrating ICT into the curriculum have been reported in previous research, especially in Kenya. There is limited focus on public junior secondary in rural areas such as Kisumu West Sub-County. It is against this background that this study interrogates teachers’ use of ICT in implementing CBC in public junior secondary schools (JSS) in Kisumu West Sub-County in Kisumu County, Kenya. The objectives of the study are: (i) to determine the availability of ICT infrastructure for implementation of CBC in public junior secondary schools, (ii) to establish teacher capacity for ICT use in the implementation of CBC in public junior secondary schools, and (iii) to examine the influence of teachers’ perceptions on the use of ICT in the implementation of CBC in public junior secondary schools. This study is premised on the constructivist learning theory (Elliott, Kratoch will, Littlefield & Travers, 2000) and the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989). An embedded mixed methods design was adopted in this study. The study targeted a total of one hundred and fifty (150) teachers in all the public junior secondary schools in Kisumu West Sub-County, from whom a simple random sampling was used to identify one hundred and nine (109) to complete questionnaires. Interviews were used to complement data drawn from closed-ended questionnaires. Data was analysed empirically, thematically and inferentially. This study concluded that public junior secondary schools in Kisumu West Sub-County did not have enough ICT resources and teachers were not sufficiently capacitated on ICT use. Besides, there were hardly any school-based ICT policies necessary for sustaining the use of ICT in implementing CBC in junior secondary schools in this area. Concerted efforts are required to address the ICT infrastructure and teacher capacity gaps. Additionally, heads of these institutions should be sensitised to introduce school-based ICT policies to entrench digital culture(s). The outcomes and recommendations in this study are useful in facilitating effective implementation of CBC and informing future curriculum reviews
The Influence of marketing mix strategies on the business performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi central business district
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectPerformance refers to the outcomes achieved by individuals, teams, or organizations regarding output, efficiency, and effectiveness (Armstrong 2017). Schermerhorn Jr., Bachrach, and Wright (2020) also defined performance as the measure of how well the business and individuals can achieve their goals and objectives. Steers, Bigley, and Porter (2021) support the definition made by Schermerhorn Jr by defining performance as the degree to which an individual or organization achieves its goals and meets shareholders' expectations. The study will focus more on how performance satisfies the customers' needs and achieves the goals set by the organization or business. Kotler and Keller (20 16) suggest that marketing encompasses the identification and fulfillment of human and social needs, as well as the creation of value for customers and the establishment of strong customer relationships to gain value in return. Marketing involves the activities, institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large (Solomon 20 17). Businesses can satisfy various customer needs by carrying out marketing promotions through planning, execution, and supervision (O'Cass, Ngo, & Siahtiri,2012). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly understanding the need to establish their marketing strategies to enable them to have a broad understanding of the environment, customers, and the needs of their customers
The Role of innovation in Research and Development (R&D) in the growth and success of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): a case of Nairobi County
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectIn a world where businesses are set amidst dynamic and competitive landscapes, innovation is the cornerstone of organizational survival and growth. It enables firms to refine processes, enhance products, and unlock efficiencies that drive sustainable success. For resource-constrained small and medium enterprises, innovation is not an advantage but a necessity to thrive in today's market. The study investigates innovation strategies that influence the performance of SMEs in Nairobi County, such as product innovation, refinement of processes, strategic marketing, and managerial transformation. Based on the Schumpeterian Theory of Innovation, the Resource-Based View, and the Pecking Order Theory, the work employed a mixed-method approach to show how SMEs leverage innovation to get around their incapacities for growth. A sample of 398 SMEs was obtained using a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Descriptive statistics showed that for 42.6% of the firms, product innovation has a very high influence on performance, while for 52.9%, improved processes were fundamental. Regression analysis confirmed that the significant antecedents of innovation strategies were SME performance; the model R² is 0.775, showing that innovation activities explain 77.5% of the variance in performance. Product innovation, with a β of 0.227 (p < 0.001); process innovation, with a β of 0.235 (p < 0.001); and addressing key challenges, with a β of 0.534 (p < 0.001), further underscores such factors as genuinely transformative. The study concluded that innovation is critical to SME success, providing a competitive advantage in a fast-changing economic environment. It suggested that SMEs must invest in technology, innovate product lines occasionally, and adopt customer-oriented marketing strategies. In addition, the culture of continuous improvement and benchmarking against industry leaders help SMEs emerge as agile, forward-looking players in the marketplace
Effect of artificial intelligence on strategic performance in the banking industry in Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectArtificial intelligence has become one of the most popular technologies in recent years and is being accepted by many organizations. The rapid development of artificial intelligence has also increased its application in the industry. Processes using artificial intelligence can not only increase overall profits but also revolutionize the financial sector. The aim of this study is to determine the level of skill development in the Kenyan banking sector and its effect on performance. The objectives of this study are: The effect of natural language processing technology on the performance of banks in Kenya, the effect of machine learning on the performance of the Kenyan economic furnace, and the effect of robotic automation on the banking sector. This study uses approaches such as AI trust and transparency, AI technology and machine learning to assess how AI impacts business performance. This study uses a variety of methods to examine its effect on skills and entrepreneurship. Studies show that AI increases productivity and customer satisfaction through the use of automation, but AI also faces challenges such as data security issues and reluctance to change. Future studies could investigate the long-term effects and economic impacts of various financial institutions. The findings suggest that banks should invest in AI-based information services, improve data security, and better integrate AI to provide competitive advantage. This study aims to influence public understanding of AI by demonstrating the potential of AI to improve banking services, reduce operating costs and simplify accounting. This study provides insight into the challenges and opportunities in AI implementation by offering recommendations to policymakers, banking leaders and AI developers
Assessing the impact of investment decisions on profitability of Small and Medium scale Enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study investigates the impact of various investment decisions-capital expenditure, information technology (IT), research and development (R&D), training and education and working capital management-on the profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was done in order to determine the investment decisions that can yield the highest profitability for SMEs. This is due to the fact that SMEs are financially constrained according to (Gveroski, G., & Jankuloska, M. (2017) and as a result, the investment decisions that yield the highest profitability should be considered. Employing a descriptive research design, data was collected from a sample of 70 SMEs across multiple sectors using stratified sampling. Quantitative methods were utilized, including regression and descriptive statistical analysis, to explore the relationship between these investment decisions and profitability, measured by return on investment (ROI). The findings reveal that IT investments generate the highest average ROI (77.8%), underscoring their critical role in enhancing operational efficiency and market competitiveness. Capital expenditure follows with a significant average ROI of 41.5%, demonstrating its importance in long-term asset growth. R&D, along with education and training, yields an average ROI of 51.2%, reflecting its value in driving innovation and workforce capability. Working capital management also positively influences profitability, albeit with varied outcomes depending on the firm's efficiency in handling short-term assets and liabilities. The results suggest that strategic investment decisions are pivotal in improving SME profitability. These insights are valuable for SME managers, policymakers, and investors aiming to enhance financial performance and stimulate economic growth. The study highlights the need for SMEs to adopt data-driven approaches when selecting investment strategies, ensuring optimal resource allocation for sustained profitability. The uniqueness of the study stems from the fact that unlike many studies that focus on a single type of investment, this research examines the combined impact of capital expenditure, IT investments, R&D, education and training, and working capital management. This multifaceted approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of how various investment strategies contribute to SME profitability
The Rise of esports and its untapped potential ought to be recognised and regulated by the Kenyan government
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectEsports represents an emerging phenomenon characterised by organised competitive video gaming. With a global market valuation of approximately 4 billion U.S dollars, this economic significance has spurred numerous countries to formally acknowledge and regulate esports. Kenya is urged to emulate these actions to capitalise on the associated advantages. This investigation undertakes a critical analysis of the defining characteristics of a sport. By examining these charcteristics, the study aims to determine whether esports can be appropriately classified as a sport within this established framework. Additionally, it evaluates the potential economic and societal gains that Kenya could realise by officially endorsing esports and investigates the successful regulatory models for esports implemented in countries like South Korea. The research methodology employed doctrinal legal research within the framework of regulatory theory. The official recognition and regulation of esports in Kenya are anticipated to yield benefits for the nation and its populace. Furthermore, the regulatory framework for esports should be tailored to suit its digital nature, distinct from traditional sports. This research aims to assist regulators in formulating effective regulatory structures for esports
Assessing the drivers of sustainable growth in Medium-Sized Agribusinesses in Nairobi County
No full textFull - text thesisThe sustainable growth of agribusinesses is crucial to Kenya’s economic development, particularly for medium-sized entities that significantly contribute to employment and food security. However, many enterprises struggle to achieve long-term sustainability due to various internal and external constraints. This study aims to identify the determinants of sustainable growth among medium-sized agribusinesses in Nairobi County, focusing on three key factors: entrepreneurial experience, access to finance, and technology. The study also used firm size and firm duration as control factors. It was anchored on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and Institutional Theory. A correlational research design was adopted. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to business owners and senior executives, with a pilot test conducted to ensure reliability and validity. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation, and a multiple regression model to establish the relationship between the independent variables and sustainable growth. From the results, the study concluded that entrepreneurial experience is a significant determinant of the sustainable growth of medium-sized agribusinesses. Access to finance is a significant determinant of the sustainable growth of medium-sized agribusinesses. Technology adoption is a significant determinant of the sustainable growth of medium-sized agribusinesses. Firm size is a significant determinant of the sustainable growth of medium-sized agribusinesses. Firm duration is a significant determinant of sustainable growth of the medium sized agribusiness. The study recommended that medium-sized agribusinesses should strengthen entrepreneurial experience through targeted capacity building, mentorship programs, and exposure to best practices in agribusiness management. It is also essential for the medium-sized agribusinesses to improve access to finance by developing tailored financial products, flexible credit facilities, and risk-sharing mechanisms. The medium-sized agribusinesses should be encouraged and supported to adopt modern technologies through targeted incentives, training programs, and accessible digital infrastructure and should strategically build on their existing scale by expanding market reach, strengthening supply chains, and investing in capacity development. With regards limitations of the study, there are a number of research philosophies. However, the study was limited to a positivism research philosophy and a correlational research design. There are several agribusinesses operating within Nairobi County. However, the study was also limited to 100 medium sized agribusinesses operating within Nairobi City County, Kenya and hence the researcher administered 100 questionnaires to the respondents. The respondents were limited to the CEO, CFO, COO, or senior management officer. Thus, a census study of the 100 respondents and primary data that was gathered using a structured questionnaire
The Influence of emotional marketing appeals on customer satisfaction among Safaricom customers in Nairobi County
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectOver the past years, researchers have studied the importance of emotional appeals in influencing consumer behavior and satisfaction. Emotions play a key role in consumer decision-making since attitude, perception, and purchase intentions are influenced (Acharya, 2018). As firms try to establish ongoing relations with their target audiences, the relationship between emotional marketing appeals and consumer happiness has become a top priority. As the evolution in advertising advanced, theorists and practitioners went deeper into the psychological underpinnings of emotional appeals. Theories such as ELM (Elaboration Likelihood Model) and EAR (Emotional-Affective Response Model) created frameworks that defined how precisely the process of emotional stimuli influences the cognitive processing of information and thus leads to a certain kind of decision making (Dhandhnia & Tripathi, 2018). These theories underlined how imperative emotional resonance is to the making of persuasive marketing messages
Factors influencing impulse buying behaviour in the fashion sector in Nairobi County
No full textFull - text undergraduate research projectThis study investigates the factors influencing impulse buying behaviour among female professional fashion apparel consumers in Nairobi, Kenya. It examines the influence of psychological factors such as self-esteem, mood states (positive and negative affectivity), and personality traits like impulsiveness; social influences including peer pressure, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), societal norms, and cultural expectations; and environmental factors such as instore stimuli, including music, lighting, promotional displays, and store atmosphere. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed electronically with Likert scale items as the primary tool for measuring respondents' perceptions and behaviours. The population was stratified by gender and primary County of Residence to capture diverse perspectives among professional women. Guided by the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-0-R) Model and Cognitive-Emotional Theory, this study explores how external stimuli, such as social and environmental cues, interact with internal psychological responses to shape impulse buying decisions. Literature uncovers the significant influence of psychological traits, social networks, and retail environments on impulsive purchasing behaviours in Nairobi's dynamic consumer market. The findings of this study offer impactful insights for marketers and retailers targeting professional women, enabling them to design more effective promotional strategies and retail environments. By focusing on this demographic in a developing country context, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of impulse buying behaviour and provides a basis for future investigations in consumer psychology and retail management
Determinants of food security among pastoralist communities in Kenya: the case study of Samburu County
No full textFull - text thesisFood security remains a critical challenge among pastoralist communities in Kenya’s arid and semi- arid lands (ASALs), where households heavily depended on livestock and faced recurrent climate shocks. This study investigated the determinants of food security among pastoralist households in Samburu County, focusing on three thematic domains: animal productivity, socio-economic characteristics and climate change adaptation strategies. Guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and grounded in a positivist philosophy, the study employed a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative methodology. Data were collected from 502 households using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. The findings revealed that only 13.7% of households were food secure, while 54.6% were moderately food insecure and 31.7% were severely food insecure. Livestock ownership and productivity emerged as the most influential predictors. Each additional animal increased the probability of a household being food secure by 8.8%, while higher production of livestock by-products (especially milk) and participation in breeding practices significantly improved food security outcomes. Although 98.8% of households reported access to veterinary services, less than 40% engaged in feed production or preservation, exposing them to seasonal shortages and limiting their adaptive capacity. Socio-economic factors, including household asset value, income from livestock sales and land size, were positively associated with food security. However, 85.4% of household heads were uneducated and while education was intuitively important, it was not a statistically significant predictor in the regression model. Climate change adaptation practices were widespread but uneven. While 91.8% of households perceived long-term climate changes and nearly half experienced two or more droughts in the past five years, formal tools such as early warning systems (7.8%) and insurance (2.6%) were scarcely adopted. Nonetheless, the adoption of multiple adaptation strategies had a cumulative effect—each additional strategy increased the probability of food security by 33%. The study recommended expanding climate-smart extension services through community-based organizations, promoting low- literacy communication methods, establishing pastoralist-focused SACCOs to enhance financial inclusion, leveraging mobile technology for climate and market information and implementing targeted food and nutrition interventions during the lean season from March to July. Further research was suggested in three key areas: the role and effectiveness of extension services in influencing adaptive behaviors; the barriers to uptake of early warning systems and trust in institutional information; and the economic viability of adaptation strategies through cost-benefit analysis