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Urban Shrinkage in Serbia: The Domination of Economic over Environmental Causes
No full textAlthough present in Serbia, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage has not been identified as a problem by local decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to present this phenomenon and to
show the causes and consequences of urban shrinkage in Serbia. The analysis covers a recent
period, 2002-2011, when this process was the most intensive. This study employs the method of
grouping towns affected by the shrinkage process. The multi-criteria evaluation method was used to determine the types of towns according to the cause of shrinking, the intensity of the shrinkage factors and the character of the process. In the study of urban shrinkage in the territory of Serbia,
environmental factors were considered as one of the causes. Environmental problems are an important factor of urban shrinkage in the developed world. Nevertheless, in Serbia, the economic causes are so dominant that they overpower major environmental issues as potential factors of the shrinking process. Apart from the key factors in this process in most East European and South-East European countries, urban shrinkage in Serbia has its roots in other factors – namely, the political instability caused by inter-ethnic conflicts in the Western Balkans during the 1990s
Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks
No full textLow temperature district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) in combination with very shallow geothermal energy potentials enable the complete renewable heating and cooling supply of settlements up to entire city districts. With the help of 5GDHC, heating and cooling can be distributed at a low temperature level with almost no distribution losses and made useable to consumers via decentralized heat pumps (HP). Numerous renewable heat sources, from wastewater heat exchangers and low-temperature industrial waste heat to borehole heat exchangers and large-scale geothermal collector systems (LSC), can be used for these networks. The use of large-scale geothermal collector systems also offers the opportunity to shift heating and cooling loads seasonally, contributing to flexibility in the heating network. In addition, the soil can be cooled below freezing point due to the strong regeneration caused by the solar irradiation. Multilayer geothermal collector systems can be used to deliberately generate excessive cooling of individual areas in order to provide cooling energy for residential buildings, office complexes or industrial applications. Planning these systems requires expertise and understanding regarding the interaction of these technologies in the overall system. This paper provides a summary of experience in planning 5GDHC with large-scale geothermal collector systems as well as other renewable heat sources
Why are the institutional injustice and the lack of fairness omnipresent in Serbia? A pragmatic assessment of plural orders of worth
Get PDFRecent results from Round 9 of the European Social Survey (ESS) indicate that Serbia differs from other European countries in terms of justice and fairness. Whereas the Serbian people’s dissatisfaction relating to unjust income distribution, unfair employment chances and political institutions may not be surprising, these findings still raise a dozen questions. Situated within contemporary discussions on normativity in sociology and survey methodology, this paper aims to reassess the moral grammar of these judgments. By endorsing tenets of pragmatic sociology and its principal aim to recognize the plural modes of valuation and criticism and reflective capacities of social actors to judge and evaluate, this paper develops around few major points. First, we underline how most major approaches to axiology remain stuck in a co-determinist framework, thereby renewing a number of dualisms. Instead, we opt for a relational approach and further present how the theoretical model of Boltanski and Thevénot enables the locating of different assessments of worth. After setting our methodological framework against the “externalist” epistemology, we explore our key assumption that the above-mentioned high rates come as a problem of a feasible “truce” between the domestic regime and the civic polity, ruled by proclaimed legality, representativeness and impersonal character. We trace the problem of incorporating multiple arrangements as a problem of generality, by relating these to two layers of information acquired through the ESS. One involves the analysis of the domestic polity covering the household situation in terms of organization and unveiling the specific worth given to care and protection. Another layer is derived from regression analysis which affirms that the absence of fairness in civic polity correlates with a higher degree of worth given to the domestic one, but also that the latter situation depicts a deeper ontological puzzle about making a mild transition to the assumed “horizontality” of civic matters
Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia
Get PDFRiverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Južna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection
Manifestational motives in the function of the foreign tourism development in Serbia
Get PDFДанас се туризам догађаја (манифестациони туризам) сматра једним од најбрже растућих сектора индустрије туризма, где фестивали и догађаји представљају културно богатство једне земље које постаје све привлачније за модерног културног туристу. Према IFEA (International Festivals & Events Association), квалитетни фестивали и манифестације сматрају се једним од најуспешнијих алата који је расположив за локалну заједницу, регију, државу, јер доприносе развоју туризма, креирањем јаког и неизбрисвог бренда, повећањем економског утицаја и социо-културног квалитета живота становништва. Сматра се да посебно фестивали забавног – музичког карактера, имају велики допринос у економском и културном развоју једне земље. Полазећи од идеје да манифестациони туризам потенцијално представља најперспективнији вид за развој туризма у Србији (истакнут у Стратегијама развоја туризма Републике Србије), односно прилику за истицање квалитета и посебности туристичке дестинације где је најважнији аспект привући и заинтересовати туристе, пре свега иностране, одређен је и основни циљ истраживања у оквиру ове дисертације, а то је идентификовати најважније pull факторе туристичке мотивације и одредити њихову снагу привлачности. Основни задаци односили су се на разраду истраживања улоге и значаја који манифестациони мотиви имају у привлачењу иностраних туриста и развоју иностраног туризма у Србији, на примеру три одабране најзначајније манифестације – музичке фестивале: EXIT, Сабор трубача у Гучи и Београдски фестивал пива (у даљем тексту Belgrade Beer Fest). Досадашња истраживања на поменутим музичким фестивалима, углавном су се бавила концептом задовољства посетилаца – туриста, економским, организационим и социо-културним ефектима манифестације, а у мањој мери самом мотивацијом, посебно укључујући више фестивала. Када је у питању Belgrade Beer Fest, сличних истраживања није ни било. Такође, досадашња истраживања, углавном су укључивала све посетиоце или само домаће туристе, због чега резултати као показатељи до којих се дошло при овом истраживању, указују на значај теме дисертације. Будући да манифестације представљају веома важан културни и економски показатељ развоја туризма Србије, подједнако важан и за науку и за праксу, у циљу добијања нових података, предузета су теренска истраживања (у 2015-тој и 2016-тој години, на сва три фестивала). Подаци са терена прикупљени су на основу анкетирања иностраних туриста и обрађени су применом статистичких пакета за обраду података у друштвеним наукама (Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.00) (у даљем тексту SPSS), што је резултирало комплексном анализом резултата и издвајањем мотива груписаних у одговарајуће факторе са одређеном снагом привлачности за присуство иностраних туриста на проучаваним музичким фестивалима у Србији. Факторском анализом, као заједнички и најјачи pull фактори туристичке мотивације, на сва три музичка фестивала током обе године истраживања, издвојени су фактори: „Провод”, „Нова искуства” (и њихове комбинације), док фактор „Музика” иако битан, није препознат као pull фактор од највећег значаја иностраним туристима (варијације у његовој јачини постоје наравно у зависности од проучаваних фестивала, а највећи значај је имао за EXIT фестивал), затим фактори „Туристичка атрактивност дестинације”, и „Организација”, док су слабији и најмањи значај добили фактор „Цена” и остали специфични фактори (који су се јавили између фестивала у различитим годинама истраживања). Добијени резултати углавном су у складу са резултатима претходно спроведених истраживања о мотивацији за музичке фестивале и догађаје у Европи, Америци, Аустралији, Африци, што указује на универзалност основне теме истраживања. Међутим, добијене и издвојене поједине јединствене комбинације мотивацијских димензија (фактора) сугеришу да су потребна и пожељна додатна и континуирана истраживања, како би се евидентирале и пратиле могуће променљиве интеракције међу мотиваторима и у наредном периоду.Nowadays, event tourism (manifestational tourism) is considered one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry, where festivals and events represent the cultural wealth of a country that is becoming increasingly appealing to a modern cultural tourist. According to IFEA (International Festivals & Events Association), quality festivals and events are considered to be one of the most successful tools available to the local community, region or country, because they contribute to the development of tourism by creating a strong, memorable brand and by increasing economic impact and socio-cultural quality of life of the population. Entertainment and music festival are particularly believed to have a great contribution to the economic and cultural development of a country. Starting from the idea that manifestational tourism is potentially the most up-and-coming form of tourism development in Serbia (highlighted in the Tourism Development Strategies of the Republic of Serbia), i.e. the opportunity to emphasize the quality and uniqueness of a tourist destination where the most important aspect is to attract tourists and spark their interest, especially foreigners. The main goal of the research within this dissertation has been determined, and that means identifying the most important pull factors of tourist motivation and determining their strength of attraction. The main tasks were related to the elaboration of research on the role and significance of manifestational motives in attracting foreign tourists and development of foreign tourism in Serbia, on the example of three chosen most important events – music festivals: EXIT, Guča Trumpet Festival and Belgrade Beer Festival. Previous research on the above-mentioned music festivals has mainly dealt with the concept of satisfaction of visitors – tourists, economic, organizational and socio-cultural effects of the event, and to a lesser extent with the motivation itself, especially including several festivals. There has been no similar research when it comes to Belgrade Beer Festival. Also, previous research has mainly included all visitors or only the domestic tourists, which is why the results, as indicators obtained in this research, indicate the importance of this dissertation. Since the events represent a very important cultural and economic indicator of the development of tourism in Serbia, equally important for both science and practice, field research was undertaken (in 2015 and 2016, at all three festivals) in order to obtain new data. Field data were collected on the basis of surveys of foreign tourists and were processed using statistical packages for data processing in social sciences (Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.00) (hereinafter SPSS), which resulted in a complex analysis of results and separation of motives grouped into appropriate factors with a certain strength of attraction for the presence of foreign tourists at the music festivals in Serbia which were a field of the study. Using factor analysis, it was concluded that common and the strongest pull factors of tourist motivation, at all three music festivals during both years of research, are the following: "Fun", "New experiences" (and their combinations), while the factor "Music", although important, is not recognized as a pull factor of the greatest importance to foreign tourists (variations in its strength exist, of course, depending on the studied festivals, and it was the most significant one regarding the EXIT festival), then the factors "Tourist attractiveness of the destination" and "Organization", while weaker and least important factors were the "Price" and other specific factors (which occurred between festivals in different years of research). The obtained results are mostly in accordance with the results of previously conducted researches on motivation, concerning music festivals and events in Europe, America, Australia, Africa, which indicates the universality of the basic topic of the research. However, some of the obtained and isolated unique combinations of motivational dimensions (factors) suggest that additional and continuous research is needed and desirable, in order to record and monitor possible variable interactions between motivators in the future, as well. The dissertation will particularly be of significant contribution to the organizers of events and key bearers of the touristic offer of Serbia, because it defines the role and place that manifestational motives have in the overall touristic offer of Serbia when it comes to foreign tourism, and accordingly suggests measures and activities for its further improvement
Assessment of the handcart pushing and pulling safety by using deep learning 3D pose estimation and IoT force sensors
No full textPushing and pulling (P&P) are common and repetitive tasks in industry, which non-ergonomic execution is among major causes of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The current safety management of P&P assumes restrictions of maximal weight, distance, height – while variable individual parameters (such as the P&P pose ergonomic) remain difficult to account for with the standardized guides. Since manual detection of unsafe P&P acts is subjective and inefficient, the aim of this study was to utilize IoT force sensors and IP cameras to detect unsafe P&P acts timely and objectively. Briefly, after the IoT module detects moments with increased P&P forces, the assessment of pose ergonomics was performed from the employee pose reconstructed with the VIBE algorithm. The experiments showed that turn-points correspond to the high torsion of torso, and that in such moments poses are commonly non ergonomic (although P&P forces are below values defined as critical in previous studies – their momentum cause serious load on the human body). Moreover, the analysis revealed that the loading/unloading of a cargo are also moments of frequent unsafe P&P acts – although they are commonly neglected when studying P&P. The experimental validation of the solution showed good agreement with motion sensors and high potential for monitoring and improving P&P workplace safety. Accordingly, future research will be directed towards: 1) acquisition of P&P data sets for direct recognition and classification of unsafe P&P acts; 2) incorporation of wearable sensors (EMG and EEG) for detecting fatigue and decrease of physical abilities
Demografska analiza u prostornim planovima nacionalnog nivoa - Iskustva i preporuke
Get PDFZnačaj demografske analize u prostornim planovima različitog nivoa ne bi trebalo
da bude upitan, ali se u praksi obim, detaljnost i dubina demografske analize povećavaju sa
nivoom planskih dokumenata. Međutim, jedino što bi trebalo da pravi razliku kada je različit
tertiorijalni obuhvat demografske analize u pitanju, jeste različit uticaj komponenti kretanja
stanovništva. Viši teritorijalni nivo, niži značaj migracija i obrnuto. U tom smislu, nesumnjivo
je da vitalne komponente kretanja stanovništva imaju dominantnu ulogu u okviru demografske
analize za potrebe planova na nacionalnom nivou. Vitalne komponente kretanja stanovništva i
starosno-polna struktura kao njihova rezultanta predstavljaju demografsku bazu za formiranje
broja, veličine i starosnog sastava domaćinstava koja su u demografskoj analizi u prostornim
planovima nepravedno izostavljena. Naime značajan deo planiranja je u tesnoj vezi sa brojem,
strukturom, distribucijom i prosečnom veličinom domaćinstva. Neki od aspekata prostornog
planiranja nacionalnog nivoa koji su visoko uslovljeni veličinom, brojem i prostornom distribucijom
domaćinstava jesu saobraćajna infrastruktura, uređenje naselja, kapacitet i diverzifikacija
javnih službi, privatno stanovanje, energetska i telekomunikaciona infrastruktura (u sektoru
domaćinstva), upravljanje komunalnim otpadom, itd. iz čega proističe važnost demografske
analize domaćinstava.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
Energy Policy as a Factor of Sustainable Development
Get PDFTržište energije karakterišu značajne nesavršenosti. Negativni eksterni efekti, i ostale nesavršenosti tržišta imaju, između ostalog, ozbiljnu posledicu – šalju pogrešne cenovne signale i maskiraju prave troškove koji nastaju u procesu proizvodnje i potrošnje energije. Kao rezultat toga dolazi do ozbiljne degradacije životne sredine na lokalnom i globalnom nivou. Negativni efekti na globalnom nivou, poput iscrpljivanja neobnovljivih resursa i promene globalne klime, predstavljaju najozbiljnije izazove s kojima se suočava čovečanstvo danas. Odgovori javnog sektora na tržišne nesavršenosti, u vidu različitih mera i instrumenata, su dobro poznati u ekonomskoj teoriji i u mnogim okolnostima su se pokazali efektivnim u praksi. Ipak, u stručnoj literaturi se, čak i danas, uglavnom prenebregava činjenica da davanje prednosti ekonomskim i socijalnim ciljevima u javnim politikama može imati i često ima za posledicu pogoršanje kvaliteta životne sredine. Pored toga, neuspeh regulative u oblasti energetike vodi ka ekološkoj degradaciji. Posebno je kritična situacija u mnogim zemljama u razvoju jer se u trci za ostvarenjem ciljeva iz oblasti industrije, poljoprivrede ili energetike, kao kolateralna šteta, javljaju veliki problemi u oblasti životne sredine koji vode ekološkoj neodrživosti. Sa ekonomskog aspekta važni su kako efektivnost, tako i efikasnost energetske politike, u smislu njenog potencijala da doprinosi poboljšanju u domenu zaštite životne sredine i energetske efikasnosti. Jednu od najboljih strategija predstavlja uvođenje važnih aspekata životne sredine u tržišnu sferu. Na taj način, limitiranost prirodnih resursa bi se odražavala na njihove cene. Ukidanje prakse velikih subvencija i potcenjenosti cena fosilnih goriva je, sigurno, korak u pravom smeru.The energy market is characterized by significant
imperfections. Negative external effects and other market imperfections have, among other things, a serious consequence - they send the wrong price signals and mask the real costs that arise in the process of energy production and consumption. As a result, there is a serious degradation of the environment at the local and global level. Negative effects at the global level, such as the depletion of non-renewable resources and changes in the global climate, represent the most serious challenges facing humanity today. Public sector responses to market imperfections, in the form of various measures and instruments, are well known in economic theory and have proved effective in practice in many circumstances. However, the fact that giving priority to economic and social goals in public policies can have and often results in deterioration of the quality of the environment is mainly ignored in the professional literature even today. In addition, the failure of energy regulations leads to environmental degradation.The situation is especially critical in many developing countries. In the race to achieve goals in the field of industry, agriculture or energy, there are major environmental problems that lead to environmental unsustainability as collateral damage. From an
economic point of view, both the effectiveness and efficiency of energy policy are important, in terms of its potential to contribute to improvements in the field of environmental protection and energy efficiency. One of the best strategies is to introduce important aspects of the environment into the market sphere. In this way, the limitations of natural resources would be reflected in their prices. Abolishing the practice of large subsidies and underestimation of fossil fuel prices is certainly a step in the right direction
Појам, елементи и класификација клизишта
No full textКлизиште је облик који настаје процесом клизања. На појмовном нивоу у науци, клизишта су дефинисана у XIX веку, а у нашој домаћој литератури почетком XX века. Геологија и географија су научне дисциплине у чијем фокусу истраживања је овај колувијални процес. Компаративном анализом утврђен је одређени степен неподударања терминологије и класификација која се користе у географским и геолошким истраживањима клизишта. Додатно, утврђен је и висок степен неусаглашености домаће терминологије и класификација са међународном номенклатуром која третира клизишта. У циљу превазилажења тих разлика у наставку су приказане актуелне међународно стандардизоване класификације са
по први пут званично дефинисаним терминима на српском језику који представљају преводе оригиналних енглеских извора
Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity in the Kutinska River Basin in the Period 1971-2016
No full textSoil erosion assessment plays an important role in the conservation of natural resources because soil degradation is a major problem in many parts of the world. This study explains the links between changes in arable land areas, rural population dynamics and soil erosion intensity. The Erosion Potential Method was used to determine spatial changes in erosion intensity and annual sediment yield in the Kutinska River Basin, Serbia. The analysis of proportional changes was used to determine demographic changes and arable land areas-land use patterns in the basin area. The period of the research is 1971-2016. During the research period, it was determined that there was a decrease in the soil erosion intensity and sediment yield as a consequence of land use changes, primarily due to the reduction of arable land areas, abandonment of arable land by the agricultural population, which caused economic and social changes. Land use changes have been identified as the most important factor in reducing the intensity of soil erosion in the basin. Results of research are the basis for water management, soil and environmental protection measures, argiculture and other human activities