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The impact of the age structure of active population on agricultural activity rate: The case study of the Timok Krajina region
No full textAs agricultural activity is primarily linked to rural areas, negative demographic trends characterising them present as one of the basic factors of size and age structure changes in the agricultural population. On the other hand, the modernisation of agricultural production, combined with various stimulating mechanisms, impacts its attractiveness, thus influencing the number and age structure of agricultural producers. Change in the overall agricultural activity rate reflects these two processes, making it suitable to be analysed by quantification of effects that produce these changes by applying Das Gupta’s decomposition method. The Timok Krajina region is chosen as a characteristic example due to the recent and relatively significant rise in the overall activity rate in agriculture, in contrast to the national level, where a constant decline in this rate is present. This research focuses on the difference that occurred in the last intercensal period (between 2002 and 2011), aiming to determine the impact of changes in the
age structure of the active population that performs an occupation on the change of overall activity rate in agriculture in the Timok Krajina region. The research results depict that the changes in activity rate in agriculture in the examined period almost completely occurred under the influence of demographic factors, while other factors, marked as the rate effects, had a symbolic impact
Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems
No full textA Geothermal collector system is a ground heat exchanger connected to a heat pump which provides heating energy from the ground for buildings. A Large-scale geothermal collector systems differ from small systems, which are usually built for individual buildings, in their size and complexity. Typical large-scale geothermal collector systems supply entire settlements with heating and cooling energy via 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) by using the very Shallow Geothermal Potential (vSGP). They can also be constructed in multiple horizontal layers
Updated Trewartha climate classification with four climate change scenarios
Get PDFThe Updated Trewartha climate classification (TWCC) at global level shows the
changes that are expected as a consequence of global temperature increase and
imbalance of precipitation. This type of classification is more precise than the
Köppen climate classification. Predictions included the increase in global tem perature (T in °C) and change in the amount of precipitation (PA in mm). Two
climate models MIROC6 and IPSL-CM6A- LR were used, along with 4261 mete orological stations from which the data on temperature and precipitation were
taken. These climate models were used because they represent the most extreme
models in the CMIP6 database. Four scenarios of climate change and their terri tories were analysed in accordance with the TWCC classification. Four scenarios
of representative concentration pathway (RCP) by 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 W/m2
fol low the increase of temperature between 0.3°C and 4.3°C in relation to precipita tion and are being analysed for the periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080 and
2081–2100. The biggest extremes are shown in the last grid for the period 2081–
2100, reflecting the increase of T up to 4.3°C. With the help of GIS (geographical
information systems) and spatial analyses, it is possible to estimate the changes in
climate zones as well as their movement. Australia and South East Asia will suffer
the biggest changes of biomes, followed by South America and North America.
Climate belts to undergo the biggest change due to such temperature according to
TWCC are Ar, Am, Aw and BS, BW, E, Ft and Fi. The Antarctic will lose 11.5% of
the territory under Fi and Ft climates within the period between 2081 and 2100.
The conclusion is that the climates BW, Bwh and Bwk, which represent the de serts, will increase by 119.8% with the increase of T by 4.3°
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urban Green Areas Using Change Detection: A Case Study of Kharkiv, Ukraine
Get PDFТhe contemporary globalized world characterizes the rapid population growth, its significant concentration in cities, and an increase in the urban population. Currently, many socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and other challenges are arising in modern cities, negatively affecting the state of the urban environment, health, and quality of life.There is a need to study these problems in order to solve them. Urban Green Areas (UGAs) are a part of the social space and a vital part of the urban landscape. They act as an environmental framework of the territory and a factor ensuring a more comfortable
environment of human life. This study aims at substantiating the importance of the UGAs, identifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of their functioning, and transforming
changes in their infrastructure given the expansion of their functions. This research was carried out as a case study of the second city in Ukraine, Kharkiv. The authors developed and used an original integrated approach using urban remote sensing (URS) and GIS for changes detection to evaluate the current state and monitor spatial transformations of the
UGAs. We used several GIS platforms and online resources to overcome the lack of digital cadastre of the thematic municipal area of Kharkiv. This resulted in the present original
study. The study analyses the dynamics of the spatial and functional organization of the UGAs according to the Master Plans, plans, maps, and functional zoning of the city for the
period from 1867 to 2019. The peripheral green areas became important after the large scale development of the extensive residential areas during the rapid industrial development in remote districts of the city. They provide opportunities for population recreation near living places. Central UGAs are modern, comprehensively developed clusters with multidisciplinary infrastructure, while the peripheral UGAs are currently being developed. The use of URS/GIS tools in the analysis of the satellite images covering 2000–2020 allowed identifying the factors of the UGAs losses in Kharkiv and finding that UGAs were not expanding and partially shrinking during the study period. It is caused by the intensive construction of the residential neighborhoods, primarily peripheral areas, infrastructure development, and expansion of the city transport network. Nonetheless, some sustainable trends of UGA functioning without more or less significant decrease could be proved as existing in a long-term perspective. The authors analyzed and evaluated changes and expansion of the UGAs functions according to modern social
demand. The research value of this is the usage of different approaches, scientific sources, URS/GIS tools to determine the UGAs transformation in the second-largest city in Ukraine
(Kharkiv), to expand and update the main functions of UGAs and their role in the population’s recreation. The obtained scientific results can be used to update thefollowing strategies, programs, and development plans of Kharkiv
Supporting Tourism by Assessing the Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination for Travel Reasons
Get PDFThe persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposed vaccination passports for traveling in most countries. We investigated psychological factors that predict the intention to vaccinate for travel. In a cross-sectional study, we examined how demographic variables, vaccination status, perceived risk of infection and severity of disease contracted at travel destination, safety and effectiveness of vaccines against contracting COVID-19 during travel, and conspiracy beliefs are related to intention to vaccinate for travel. Further analyses involved differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in a Romanian sample regarding conspiracy beliefs, attitudes about vaccines, and self-efficacy of controlling COVID-19 infection. Results showed that the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons is best predicted by vaccination status and perceptions of safety and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Thus, vaccinated individuals believing that vaccines are safe and effective most probably will take another vaccine booster if it will allow them to travel. Positive relationships of the intention to vaccinate for travel reasons were found with age, vaccination status, conspiracy beliefs, perceptions of safety and effectiveness of vaccines, intention to travel, and a more cautious approach to travel. No significant relationships were found between perceptions of risk for self or for transmitting the disease to others, severity of disease, and the intention to vaccinate for travel. We also found significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, as unvaccinated participants showed higher levels of conspiracy beliefs and less trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines. We conclude that campaigns focused on promoting information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines is the most important direction for promoting vaccination in young traveler
Environmental Suitability of the City of East Sarajevo for the Location of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site Using a GIS Based Multi-Criteria Analysis
Get PDFWorld production growth affected a rise in the amount of waste generated. In these circumstances proper waste management becomes a highly important issue. The protection of the environment from degradation requires a multi-dimensional approach to this problem. Integration of multicriteria decision making with the geographic information systems provides a useful methodology and a helpful instrument in waste management, particularly in the assessment of environmental suitability for the location of municipal solid waste disposal sites. Multidimensional approach is realized through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the determination of sub-criteria and criteria values and final site selection. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide spatial data input and give an insight into final result of the decision-making process. Integrated methodology is applied in suitability analysis of the City of East Sarajevo for the location of municipal solid waste disposal site (MSWDS). Ten criteria were evaluated through pair-wise comparison matrices and suitability map was obtained using weighted linear combination algorithm in GIS. Extracting high suitability area, the largest locations were evaluated through AHP according to ten criteria and final site selection was made. The results indicate high applicability of integrated multi-criteria analysis and GIS methodologies for coordination of decision-making process in spatially oriented issues of environmental management
The compliance of head-mounted industrial PPE by using deep learning object detectors
Get PDFThe compliance of industrial personal protective equipment (PPE) still represents a challenging problem considering size of industrial halls and number of employees that operate within them. Since there is a high variability of PPE types/designs that could be used for protecting various body parts and physiological functions, this study was focused on assessing the use of computer vision algorithms to automate the compliance of head-mounted PPE. As a solution, we propose a pipeline that couples the head ROI estimation with the PPE detection. Compared to alternative approaches, it excludes false positive cases while it largely speeds up data collection and labeling. A comprehensive dataset was created by merging public datasets PictorPPE and Roboflow with author’s collected images, containing twelve different types of PPE was used for the development and assessment of three deep learning architectures (Faster R-CNN, MobileNetV2-SSD and YOLOv5)—which in literature were studied only separately. The obtained results indicated that various deep learning architectures reached different performances for the compliance of various PPE types—while the YOLOv5 slightly outperformed considered alternatives (precision 0.920 ± 0.147, and recall 0.611 ± 0.287). It is concluded that further studies on the topic should invest more effort into assessing various deep learning architectures in order to objectively find the optimal ones for the compliance of a particular PPE type. Considering the present technological and data privacy barriers, the proposed solution may be applicable for the PPE compliance at certain checkpoints where employees can confirm their identity
The analysis of annual and seasonal surface air temperature trends of southern and southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1961 to 2017
No full textIn some areas of the world, regional climate change is in good agreement with global climate change. This study brings new information about what defines climate change in the contact area of Adriatic Sea and Southeastern Europe, and conclusions are based on trend analysis of annual and seasonal temperatures in the southern and southeastern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trend analysis was applied on mean annual surface air temperatures, mean maximum temperatures, and mean minimum temperatures of all four seasons. This study used 4 meteorological stations: Livno, Bileća, Mostar, and Ivan Sedlo for 56 years. The main statistical method is the Mann-Kendall test. The total number of analysis is 48. A statistically significant positive trend was determined in 36 analysis, while in the rest of the tests this was not the case. The highest amount of temperature increase is present in the mean maximum summer air temperatures in Livno and Ivan Sedlo. Mean minimum autumn air temperatures had the smallest increase. Negative trend is present in the mean autumn surface air temperatures and mean maximum autumn temperatures. Using a geographical information system resulted in visualizing regional differences in the spatial distribution of isotherms. The study area has combined the influence of orography and maritime effects of the Adriatic Sea. Having in mind these results, the growing temperature has been recognized as a problem which needs more attention in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, official documents which propose economic adaptation on climate change in this country are not at a satisfactory level
Geotourism and geoethics as support for rural development in the Knjaževac municipality, Serbia
No full textThe main goal of this study is to emphasise the geotourism potential and the values of geoethics as drivers of rural development in the territory of the Knjaževac municipality, which is one of the richest areas in Serbia in terms of geoheritage. Numerous objects of geomorphological and hydrological heritage stand out in an area of 1,202 km2. Despite this richness in geoheritage, the potential of geotourism development has been ignored by many stakeholders, and the geoheritage of this area has not been sufficiently explored and proposed for tourism purposes. This study makes an inventory of geosites in the municipality of Knjaževac. The selected sites were evaluated by applying the Modified Geosite Assessment Model to discover the most suitable geosites for future geotourism development, in order to select the geosite that possesses the greatest geotourism potential to support rural development. The results uncover information about the major areas of improvement for each evaluated geosite. Moreover, areas that demand more attention and better management in the upcoming period to become recognisable geotourism destinations were identified. It is pointed out that geoethical implications in geosite management can contribute to sustainable geoconservation in Eastern Serbia
Дисперзија посетилаца у туристичким насељима: дескриптивни приступ и основни фактори
No full textПојам дисперзије односи се на тенденцију посетилаца („нестационарне” путнике) да путују изван главних туристичких токова у одређеној дестинацији. Подстицање веће дисперзије посетилаца и њихове потрошње важно је за економски развој одређене дестинације како у развијеним тако и земљама у развоју. Што више посетилаца троши у различитим туристичким насељима, већи је економски допринос који туризам обезбеђује тим насељима. Пошто нека насеља или туристичка места могу имати ниже приходе и нижи степен запослености од урбаних подручја која су генерално повезана са главним туристичким токовима, дисперзија туриста и њихова потрошња могу помоћи у дистрибуцији прихода у широј области. Ово је посебно случај када се туристичке атракције налазе у удаљенијим областима одређене дестинације. Иако концепт дисперзије није комплексан, мерење дисперзије представља потешкоћу. Бројни приступи мерењу дисперзије су предложени у туристичкој научно-истраживачкој литератури, иако нису експлицитно названи дисперзијом. Уопштено говорећи, постоје два различита приступа: дескриптивни и каузални. Међутим, мерење дисперзије у пракси је углавном ограничено на опис дисперзије (као што је коефицијент дисперзије) без разматрања узрочне структуре. Један од начина да се имплементира каузални приступ је да се повеже коефицијент дисперзије (број људи) са факторима који утичу на дисперзију. Потенцијални фактори дисперзије су: начини транспорта који се користе за путовање од једног туристичког насеља до другог, потрага за разноликошћу, дужина боравка, посета пријатељима и рођацима, састав групе путника (да ли је путовала једна особа, пар, породица, групна путовања), старосна група посетилаца, познавање туристичких насеља и земља порекла посетилаца.Уредници: Сања Павловић, Марија Белиј Радин, Марина Веси