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Demographic Aspects of Urban Shrinkage in Serbia: Trajectory, Variety, and Drivers of Shrinking Cities
Get PDFMany European countries have faced the process of urban shrinkage in recent decades.
Due to the various theoretical aspects of urban shrinkage, there are numerous approaches to the
interpretation of this process. The most widely accepted of these refers to the demographic component as the starting point for defining this phenomenon, with the decline of the total population as the main indicator. The demographic shrinkage of cities in Serbia is a process that has been in place since the 1960s, with the dynamics of spatial-demographic and socioeconomic transformation during the post-socialist transition having exacerbated urban shrinkage. As a result, over 80% of urban settlements are affected by it. This paper identifies the trajectory and spatio-temporal patterns of the intensity and dynamics of urban shrinkage for the period from 1961 to 2022. The aim of this work is to show the diversity of shrinking cities and to explore the driving forces behind this process in Serbia. In this study, we conducted an analysis of population trends in 167 urban settlements in Serbia. Further analysis included the identification of contrasting spatio-temporal and demographic dynamic patterns characterized by either natural losses or out-migration. Due to the complex urban trajectories, a typology was created that distinguishes four different types of shrinking cities: continuously shrinking cities, episodically shrinking cities, recently shrinking cities, and resurgent cities. The results are important to achieving a better understanding of how patterns of local population trends change over time and space. The result will thus be a step towards explaining the main demographic factors causing population change and inter- and intra-regional differences between shrinking cities in Serbia, as well as towards examining urban renewal opportunities in the future
Depopulation cluster - settlements with 20 or less inhabitants in Serbia
No full textRad se bavi složenom dinamikom depopulacije u ruralnim prostorima u Srbiji. Iako je tema veoma aktuelna u poslednjim decenijama, a istraživanjima su odavno utvrđeni uzroci i posledice depopulacije brojnih regija u Evropi, čini se da ne postoje sistematski pristupi u sprovođenju politike upravljanja napuštenim prostorima. Pošli smo od već poznatih faktora koji doprinose depopulaciji obuhvatajući ekonomsku, socijalnu i ekološku dimenziju. Oslanjajući se na prethodna istraživanja, istorijske trendove i statističku bazu podataka pokušali smo da kroz novu, kvantitativnu metodologiju za grupisanje napuštenih prostora u klastere kao osnovne jedinice širenja depopulacionog prostora, predstavimo depopulaciju kao prostorni proces koji ima svoju veličinu, strukturu i posledice. Cilj rada je bilo kvantitativno utvrđivanje veličine i strukture depopulacionog prostora u Srbiji nakon popisa 2022. godine. Istraživanjem su otvorena i nova polja istraživanja korišćenja depopulacionog prostora u budućnosti, ali i ponuđena izvesna rešenja kreatorima politike, istraživačima i zajednicama koje se bore sa izazovima depopulacije. Rezultati rada ukazuju na postojanje 47 napuštenih klastera u 10 administrativnih oblasti Srbije, što je za 17 više u odnosu na Popis 2011. godine. Utvrđena je dalja homogenizacija i ukrupnjavanje klastera u Topličkoj, Zaječarskoj, Jablaničkoj, Pirotskoj i Raškoj oblasti, odnosno povećanje ukupne depopulacione teritorije kao i njeno prostorno širenje ka severu države
The Heritage Climate Index (HERCI): Development, Assessment and Application for Tourism Purposes in Geoheritage and Cultural Heritage Sites
Get PDFThe development of climate indices and their application can influence the preferences of tourists and the time frame for visiting the locality. This study develops a new Heritage Climate Index (HERCI) that finds its application in assessing climate comfort for visiting geoheritage and cultural heritage objects. The study analyzed the geoheritage site in Western Serbia (Stopića Cave) and the cultural heritage site in Eastern Serbia (Golubac Fortress). The index was developed to represent climatic comfort on a monthly basis and consisted of five climatic elements. The values of the HERCI index were obtained based on the multi-criteria decision-making model—the Best–Worst method (BWM). The results were classified into five classes, depending on the degree of conformity. After a comparative analysis of the index results for four localities and their attendance for the period 2012–2021 and 2019–2022, it was determined that there is a very high level of correlation (>0.9). This is the first study to use the BWM to develop and analyze a climate index. From the aspect of tourism policy, this study significantly contributes to tourism organizations and tourists in better understanding climate comfort and making decisions about the organization’s time frame and realization of the travel
Декомпозиција рецентног пораста економске активности становништва Србије
Get PDFThe present work decomposes the recent increase in the labour force participation rate into two factors: the contribution of the age composition, and the contribution of the age- and sex-specific labour force participation rate. After a whole decade of stagnation, the labour force participation rate in Serbia has increased by 10% between 2012 and 2021, which opened the question of the deterministic basis for an increased economic activity in case of population that is aging and declining in size. For the purpose of decomposition, the method of overall rate decomposition has been used, which is considered to be the preferred standardization method. The results have shown that both the age composition as well as the age-specific labour force participation had
a positive effect on the increase in overall economic activity. The effect of the age -specific labour force participation rates was significantly higher, contributing to more than 76% of the overall change, whereas the age composition resulted in only 22% change (25% change in case of male population, and 21% in case of female population). These findings shifted the research focus from aging population, as the key determinant of the labour force participation rate, towards the factors affecting the increase of specific age related activity rates, but also towards the need to investigate the importance of other specific activity rates (apart from the age- and sex-related ones).У раду се декомпонује рецентни пораст стопе активности становништва на допринос старосног састава и допринос стопа активности специфичних према полу и старости. После читаве деценије опадања, стопа активности становништва радног узраста у Србији је од 2011. до 2021. године порасла за 10 процентних поена, што је отворило питање детерминистичке основе повећања активности у условима опадања броја становника и старења укупног становништва. За декомпоновање пораста активности употребљен је метод декомпозиције општих стопа, који је у демографији утемељен у поступку стандардизације, а резултати су показали да је на раст економске активности становништва позитивно утицао и старосни састав и специфичне стопе. Допринос специфичних стопа активности био је значајно већи, и одговоран за више од 76% укупне промене, док је захваљујући старосном саставу остварено тек 22% разлике (25% разлике у случају активности мушког становништва и 21% разлике у активности женског становништва). Ови резултати су померили фокус истраживања са старења, као кључне детерминанте обима радне снаге, на факторе који утичу на пораст специфичних стопа активности по старости, али и потребу да се поред стопа активности специфичних према полу и старости, сагледа и значај других специфичних стопа активности
The chemical composition of the secretions, their antibacterial activity, and the pygidial gland morphology of selected European Carabini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Get PDFThe pygidial glands of carabids produce strong-smelling vapours. In this study, we examined the chemical composition of the gland secretions and the structure of the glands in five species of Carabini ground beetles (one species from the subtribe Calosomatina and four species from the subtribe Carabina): Calosoma (Calosoma) maderae (Fabricius, 1775), Carabus (Carabus) granulatus Linnaeus, 1758, C. (Limnocarabus) clathratus Linnaeus, 1760, C. (Carabus) ulrichii Germar, 1823, and C. (Procerus) gigas Creutzer, 1799. Additionally, we tested the antibacterial potential of the pygidial gland secretions of the two latter species against 11 bacterial strains. In order to detect the chemical content of the secretions, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The secretion extracts were applied against selected strains of medically important bacteria. We used bright-field microscopy to examine the morphology of the glands. We discovered a total of 11 chemical compounds in the pygidial gland extracts of the ground beetles we analysed. Ten of these compounds were identified as seven carboxylic acids, two hydrocarbons, and one aromatic aldehyde, while one chemical remained unidentified. Most of the components were isolated from the secretion of C. (L.) clathratus (nine), while the lowest number of compounds was found in C. (P.) gigas (two). Methacrylic acid was the most dominant compound by percentage in all five species, while angelic acid was also detected in all samples. As expected, salicylaldehyde was exclusively found in the species of the genus Calosoma Weber, 1801. The secretion of C. (P.) gigas was shown to achieve the highest level of antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and S. typhimurium (even the same level as the positive control streptomycin), while the secretion of C. (C.) ulrichii achieved the highest antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The most noticeable difference in the structure of the glands between the two genera is that the reservoir in Calosoma is more significantly narrowed as it leads into the efferent duct, compared to that of Carabus
D1.5 ‐ Data Management Plan
Get PDFThe Working Package 1 'Project Management and Coordination", Task 1.3 "Data Management Plan (DMP), open science practices and Research Data Management" of the GreenFORCE project comprises the Deliverable 1.5 – Data Management Plan (DMP). This document is the first Version of the DMP, which, as per the Grant Agreement, is to be submitted within the 6th month of the GreenFORCE Project, more precisely, within 31/12/2022. In case needed, an updated second version of the DMP shall be shared in the 18th month of the project duration. The DMP produced in the framework of the GreenFORCE Project is a living document that describes how to research information (research documents and data) will be managed during and after the project duration (the data life cycle). The document is prepared based on the Horizon DMP Template1 and reflects the Grant Agreement and Consortium Agreement requirements. Furthermore, the DMP describes the data that will be generated/created/used, how the generated/created/used data will be shared and preserved in the short and long term, and what restrictions (if any) will be applied. The approach for the DMP preparation evolved in steps. Preliminarily, all partners in the GreenFORCE Project provided information regarding data management policy and practices in respective institutions through a structured questionnaire. Part of the information provided has been embedded in the current version of the DMP. In a second step, the draft DMP was shared with all partners, providing information regarding research documents and data used/produced in the framework of the GreenFORCE Project. Once all comments were addressed, the DMP was submitted to the Ethics Advisor for clearance. Finally, the DMP was finalised and uploaded into the system on 31/12/2022. In its first Version (V1), the DMP provides the general approach and policy to the data management of the GreenFORCE Project. It is expected that during the GreenFORCE Project implementation, the DMP will be updated regularly and accordingly, gaining precision and substance
Značaj strateških i planskih dokumenata za unapređenje sistema zaštite prirode Srbije
Get PDFIntegralan deo savremenog sistema zaštite prirode Srbije jeste i obavezujući element planskog uređenja zaštićenog prirodnog dobra. Na osnovu ključnih sistemskih zakona iz oblasti zaštite prirode i planiranja i izgradnje, ustanovljena je ne samo normativna, već i funkcionalna i izvršna povezanost ovih sektorskih oblasti. Ovim radom biće dat pregled aktuelnih teorijskih i normativnih pristupa koji tretiraju planska dokumenta namenjena za područja koja zahtevaju poseban režim organizacije, uređenja, korišćenja i zaštite prostora i za koje je strateška procena uticaja na životnu sredinu obavezujući deo plana. Pojave i procesi kompatibilnosti i konfl iktnosti prostornog razvoja različitih sektorskih oblasti u odnosu na zaštitu prirodnih vrednosti, moguće je identifi kovati već i u samom procesu izrade dokumentacije, ali i tokom implementacije planskih rešenja. Analizom procene uticaja planskih rešenja na zaštitu prirode i životnu sredinu na primerima odabranih studija slučaja (nacionalni park Kopaonik i park prirode Zlatibor), pokušaćemo da sagledamo ključne konfliktne i kompatibilne ciljeve razvoja koji utiču na dugoročan proces unapređenja zaštite prirode na ovim područjima.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
Spatial-temporal and Trend Analysis of the Traffic Accidents in the AP Vojvodina (northern Serbia)
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to analyse the spatial-temporal pattern of traffic
accidents using ten years of data from 2011 to 2020 for the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, northern part of Serbia. The spatial pattern of traffic accident hot spots and their temporal evolution were identified on the municipality level of the study area using hot spot analysis (Getis–Ord Gi*) techniques within the GIS environment. Trends in the traffic accidents on the municipality level were analysed using Mann-Kendall statistic. In majority of municipalities there were no trend detected. In 15 out of 45 local administrative units some kind of trend in the number of traffic accidents, fatalities and injuries was detected. In only two municipalities, Bački Petrovac and Žabalj, trend in the number of traffic accidents is decreasing, while in seven is increasing, Bačka Palanka, Bačka Topola, Kanjiža, Kikinda, Mali Iđoš, Novi Kneževac and Vrbas. In only three municipalities decreasing trend in the number of traffic fatalities was detected, Bačka Topola, Novi Bečej and Titel. Also, five municipalities have decreasing trend in traffic injuries, Opovo, Sečanj, Vršac, Zrenjanin and Žabalj. Hot spot analysis on the number of traffic accidents and
traffic injuries detected hot spots in seven municipalities – Bački Petrovac, Beočin, Irig, Novi Sad, Sremski Karlovci, Temerin and Žabalj. In the hot spot analysis on the number of traffic fatalities, there were no hot spots detected. The hot spot analysis on the traffic casualties weighted number showed similar results to the hot spot analysis on the traffic accidents, with only difference regarding persons in tractors. In this category, hot spots were detected in two municipalities – Nova Crnja and Žabalj. This research holds potential to enhance traffic safety by directing targeted safety measures toward identified hot spots. Such measures could ultimately lead to a reduction in traffic accidents, consequently curbing the number of both fatalities and injuries.Urednik: Slobodan Markovi
The system for automated switching on of computer based on the internet of things
Get PDFSistem za automatizovano uključivanje računara zasnovan na internet stvarima se sastoji od sledećih elemenata: Pametni telefon (1) je povezan sa baznom stanicom (3) putem mobilne veze (2), koja je dalje na internet mrežu (5) povezana pomoću prvog optičkog kabla (4). Na internet mrežu (5) je pomoću drugog optičkog kabla (6) povezan ruter uređaj (7), na koji je pomoću bežične veze (8) povezan Raspberry Pi računar (9). Raspberry Pi računar (9) je povezan sa personalnim računarom (11) putem žične veze (10). Ovakva vrsta povezanosti sistema obezbeđuje komunikaciju između pametnog telefona (1) i personalnog računara (11
Protected Natural Areas and Ecotourism - Priority Strategies for Future Development in Selected Serbian Case Studies
Get PDFThis research deals with the evaluation of tourist attractions in selected protected areas (PAs) in Serbia for the purpose of developing ecotourism. Using the integral AHP-SWOT method, two authentic mountain areas were analyzed—Stara Planina Nature Park and Suva Planina Special Nature Reserve. The results confirmed the presence of numerous natural and, to a lesser extent, anthropogenic resources that represent the basis for the future ecotourism activities. However, significant weaknesses were also registered, which are reflected in overall poverty, underdeveloped infrastructure and depopulation. The analysis also showed that the highest rated factors for the
development of ecotourism are local products that should be offered on the regional market, as well as the use of the geographical position of both areas (near the state border) through the use of donor funds (IPA funds). The application of the AHP-SWOT method enabled the definition and prioritization of several development strategies, of which the ones with the greatest weight are based on the use of the variegated biodiversity of both PAs. This research advances knowledge about strategic decision-making in PAs and could be beneficial to destination managers for the creation of successful strategic plans. Results suggest that future actions should be aimed at maximizing the detected advantages, which means creating an appropriate development policy, drafting legislation, encouraging social mobilization activities and determining the institutional elements for the development and management of ecotourism