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Uporedna analiza segmenta zaštite životne sredine u prostornim planovima
Get PDFU prostornim planovima se u kontekstu zaštite životne sredine posmatraju: prirodni resursi, medijumi životne sredine (zemljište, voda i vazduh), prirodna dobra, kulturna dobra, predeli, kao i elementarne nepogode. Različiti pristupi analizi segmenta „zaštite” koji nudi praksa, čak i prostornih planova na istim teritorijalnim nivoima, ukazuje na nepostojanje konsenzusa u vezi sa načinom na koji se pristupa ovoj problematici. U tom kontekstu metodološki koncept rada baziran je na uporednoj analizi prostornih planova na nacionalom, regionalnom i lokalnom nivou. Predmet rada je istraživanje načina obrade ovog segmenta prostornog plana, međusobna povezanost analize i ocene stanja prirodnih resursa, životne sredine, prirodnih i kulturnih dobara, predela, defi nisanih ciljeva i planskih rešenja, odnosno predviđenih mera implementacije, ali i usklađenost sa ostalim segmentima plana. Cilj rada je da se, na osnovu rezultata sprovedene analize, izvedu zaključci na osnovu kojih bi se mogle dati preporuke za unapređenje prakse prostornog planiranja u ovoj oblasti.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
Planiranje zaštićenog turističkog prostora: studija slučaja selo Dojkinci, Stara planina
Get PDFTurizam ima potencijal da promeni socio-ekonomski život zajednice. Dojkinci na Staroj planini, jedno je od sela sa najbržim razvojem turizma u poslednjih nekoliko godina u Pirotskom okrugu. Sa jedne strane, starosedeoci uživaju u koristima od razvoja turizma, sa druge strane on stvara negativne eksterne efekte zbog povećanja turističkog prometa, koji izaziva saturaciju prostora. U cilju istraživanja promena koje se dešavaju u ovom selu pod uticajem turizma, primarni podaci su prikupljeni od četiri grupe aktera. Promene su analizirane pomoću modela integrisanog turizma. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi da li obim tražnje utiče na promenu prirodnih resursa. Rezultati pokazuju da turizam menja društveni i privredni život, naročito u depopulacionim regionima, gde je jedna od šansi za ekonomski oporavak. Lokalna uprava treba da što više uključuje starosedeoce u razvojne odluke lokalne zajednice. Studija takođe daje predlog lokalnoj upravi za buduće strategije razvoja, kako bi se uklonili ključni nedostaci trenutnog stanja turizma, a njegovo planiranje uskladilo sa aktuelnim normama.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
Održivi urbani razvoj i determinante potrošnje energije u saobraćaju gradova
No full textIako je ekonomska teorija dugo bila fokusirana isključivo na stvoreni i ljudski kapital (jer se smatralo da je prirodni kapital dostupan u izobilju), danas, u doba eksponencijalno narastajućeg broja stanovnika i ubrzanog ekonomskog razvoja, tu ulogu očigledno preuzima prirodni kapital. Pri tome se kao minimalni (neophodan) uslov za postizanje održivog razvoja javlja očuvanje prirodnog kapitala. Ni u jednoj oblasti nije toliko evidentna oštra kolizija između ciljeva održivog i ekonomskog rаzvojа, kao u sferi iscrpljivаnjа neobnovljivih energetskih izvorа. Ukupna svetska potrošnja energije se u protekle četiri decenije više nego duplirala. Pored toga, ne samo da svetska potrošnja energije raste iz godine u godinu, već su posebno zabrinjavajuće nagle stope rasta i prognoze potrošnje energije u decenijama koje slede. Potrošnja energije u saobraćaju raste po najvećoj stopi - u poslednje četiri decenije se skoro utrostručila. Nafta kao energetski izvor gubi na značaju u svim sektorima osim u saobraćaju, koji se skoro u potpunosti oslanja na ovaj izvor. Uprkos nekim prognozama da tehnološki progres i globalizacija mogu obesmisliti dalji razvoj gradova, dešava se upravo suprotan proces - prostorni aspekt je bitniji nego ikad. Aglomeracijske ekonomije ne samo da ne slabe, već sve više podstiču prostornu koncentraciju. Očekuje se da će zahuktali proces urbanizacije već do sredine ovog veka dovesti do toga da će dve trećine svetske populacije živeti u gradovima. Poslednjih decenija sve se više pažnje posvećuje problematici gradskog saobraćaja. Ukupna globalna mobilnost je u konstantnom porastu pod uticajem povećanja životnog standarda i stepena motorizacije. Sprovedena teorijska analiza i pregled literature iz ove oblasti pokazuju da između brojnih determinanti potrošnje energije u gradskom saobraćaju postoji izražena međuzavisnost. Empirijsko istraživanje sprovedeno u ovoj naučnoj monografiji obuhvata širok spektar socio-ekonomskih, prostornih, saobraćajnih i infrastrukturnih faktora na uzorku od 27 svetskih gradova. Pomoću eksploratorne faktorske analize i analize panel podataka od 28 nezavisnih promenljivih identifikovane su četiri ključne determinante potrošnje energije u gradskom saobraćaju: 1) urbana gustina naseljenosti, 2) obim putničkih kilometara automobilom po stanovniku, 3) dužina gradskih puteva po stanovniku i 4) ukupan obim vozilo-kilometara JGS-om po stanovniku. 13 1. Visoke elastičnosti, posebno urbane gustine naseljenosti i obima putničkih kilome- tara automobilom po stanovniku, ne samo da ukazuju na veliki potencijal primene odgovarajućih mera i politika iz domena urbanog planiranja, saobraćajne politike i politike zaštite životne sredine (usmerenih ka smanjenju tražnje i izmeni udela JGS-a i nemotorizovanih vidova gradskog saobraćaja u ukupnoj mobilnosti), već i sugerišu koje mere bi trebalo primeniti. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih ekonometrijskom analizom panel podataka (primenom modela fiksnih efekata) u radu se predlažu: 1. mere kojima se smanjuju ukupne potrebe za saobraćajem u gradu (prvenstveno mere usmerene na primenu koncepta kompaktnog grada i TOD-a, koji promovišu više gustine naseljenosti i izmešane gradske sadržaje); 2. mere kojima se limitira korišćenje privatnih motornih vozila (porezi na kupovinu i korišćenje automobila, naknade za zagušenje, naknade za parkiranje itd.) i 3. mere kojima se promovišu održivi vidovi gradskog saobraćaja - JGS, bicikl i pešačenje (prvenstveno investicije u šinske sisteme visoke propusne moći i infrastrukturu za nemotorizovani saobraćaj). Efektivnost primene ovog paketa mera presudno zavisi od stepena integracije urbanog i saobraćajnog planiranja u gradu. Iskustva gradova razvijenog sveta mogu biti od velike koristi upravo metropolama zemalja u razvoju, budući da se (za razliku od ‘zrelih’ metropola razvijenog sveta) ovi gradovi nalaze tek u početnim fazama prostorno-ekonomskog razvoja, pa njihova urbana forma i saobraćajni tokovi još uvek nisu u potpunosti formirani, dok im je stepen motorizacije još uvek na relativno niskom nivou. Evidentno je da gradovi nerazvijenog sveta (u kojima se i odvijaju ubrzani demografski i urbanizacioni procesi), isto kao i Beograd, imaju dragocenu šansu da usmere svoj saobraćajni i urbani razvoj u održivom smeru, i time dugoročno predodrede svetsku potrošnju energije i emisiju CO2 (kao i emisiju lokalnih aerozagađivača, saobraćajna zagušenja, saobraćajne nesreće, buku i zauzimanje gradskog zemljišta). Stoga, predložene politike i mere imaju za njih poseban značaj
Urban restructuring and the location dynamics of P-KIBS in postsocialist Belgrade
No full textProfessional knowledge-intensive business services (P-KIBS) have emerged as one of the core elements of economic recovery and urban restructuring of many large cities during the postsocialist transition in Europe. However, studies about intrametropolitan patterns of P-KIBS in postsocialist cities are largely neglected. Against this backdrop, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of P-KIBS intraurban spatial patterns within a postsocialist urban environment by analyzing the location dynamics of P-KIBS in Belgrade. The research methodology includes using a micro-geographic dataset for the period 2011–2019 and distance-based methods, which are becoming increasingly popular in urban geography. The study demonstrates that in Belgrade, P-KIBS are spatially highly concentrated and centralized, with a strong center-periphery gradient as well as pronounced intraurban functional specialization and intrasectoral differences. In the observed period, the spatial reorganization of P-KIBS was characterized by spatially limited decentralization, reflected in the progressive dissolution of the traditional monocentric model and the creation of a centralized duocentric model through the emergence of a secondary CBD in New Belgrade. In particular, the research highlights the influence of the complex process of postsocialist urban restructuring in the shaping of the urban geography of P-KIBS
Trend analysis of extreme temperature climatic indices in Belgrade (1961-2020)
Get PDFClimate change are one of the most significant global challenges in the 21st century. Air temperature and precipitation as the most important climatic elements, are the most frequently analyzed parameters. Climate change is not only the cause of global warming, but also brings extreme low and high temperatures, heavy rainfall and other meteorological anomalies. One of the main signals indicating climate change is the change of extreme temperatures. In order to gain insight into the changes in the temperature regime in Belgrade, the number of characteristic days - frost days (FD), ice days (ID), summer days (SU), and the number of tropical nights (TR) over a period of 60 years - was analyzed. The extremes are examined, i.e. the change in the number of days when the daily minimum or maximum temperature is below zero (frost and ice days) and the change in the number of days when the maximum temperature exceeds 25℃ (summer days). Two non–parametric statistical tests were used to determine the trend and the trend magnitude of the selected indices. The Mann-Kendall test was used for trend analysis and the Pettit’s test was used to detect significant changes in the time series of climatological data. The study area is Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The data of the Hydrometeorological Institute of the Republic of Serbia (RHMZ) measured at the weather station Belgrade (Serbia) during two climatological periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 were used. The obtained results indicate that the number of frost and ice days decreases, while the number of summer and especially tropical nights increases. According to the applied Mann-Kendell test, statistically significant changes were found in all data series, while the Petitt's test indicated that sudden changes in parameter values began in the late 1980s.Urednici: Mladen Maradin, Ružica Vuk, Jelena Lončar, Snježana Bakarić Palička, Sanja Faivr
Industrija u prostornoj strukturi srpskog Podunavlja
Get PDFUticaj reke na razvoj ekonomskih delatnosti predmet je velikog broja istraživanja u poslednja dva veka, od kada, pod uticajem industrijalizacije, reka postaje sve značajniji faktor razvoja, pre svega, sekundarnih privrednih delatnosti. Proces ubrzane industrijalizacije, prati i proces urbanizacije, odnosno razvoj velikih gradova, koji veoma često predstavljaju i polove razvoja, na obalama velikih reka. Tok industrijalizacije uticao je pozitivno i na razvoj uslužnih i drugih privrednih delatnosti.Na prostoru Republike Srbije, procesi industrijalizacije, urbanizacije i deagrarizacije karakteristični su za drugu polovinu 20. veka. Nakon otvaranja novih gigantskih industrijskih objekata na najpogodnijim lokacijama, usledile su i masovne migracije selo-grad. Najveći deo tih objekata bile su industrije vodnointenzivnog tipa, odnosno one koje zahtevaju velike količine vode za svoj proizvodni proces. Reka Dunav, odnosno gradovi na njenoj obali bili su centri novih postrojenja. Kao posledica svih tih procesa, veći značaj dobija i rečni saobraćaj, kao najjeftiniji vid transporta sirovina do industrijskih jedinica i gotovih proizvoda do tržišta. U poslednje tri decenije, kao posledica ekonomske tranzicije, javlja se jaka polarizacija na teritoriji Srbije, koja se ogleda u stvaranju jednog dominantnog i nekoliko manjih polova razvoja koji se nalaze duž reke Dunav.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđevi
Sanitary landfill site selection using GIS-based on a fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation technique: a case study of the City of Kraljevo, Serbia
Get PDFAdequate disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of Serbia’s most complex environmental challenges. The problem is more serious in urban areas, since large amounts of waste are disposed of in locations that do not comply with environmental, technical, and socio-economic standards. Such is the case for the city of Kraljevo, where about 116,000 inhabitants do not have a sanitary landfill facility. This research includes a multi-criteria analysis, conducted with the help of geographic information systems, to find a suitable landfill site location. After data collection, the first step was to process 15 environmental and socio-economic factors utilizing the fuzzy analytic-hierarchy process method. The second step comprised the visual analysis and selection of the ten most suitable locations from the synthetic convenience map. The third step involved the final ranking of sites by means of the fuzzy multi-objective analysis by ratio, plus the full multiplicative form method, based on four additional beneficial and non-beneficial criteria. The results show that sanitary landfill candidate site A4 is the most suitable location for constructing a sanitary landfill site due to its large area (569 ha) and relatively short distance from the urban zone (8 km). This study is the first to integrate geographic information systems and the fuzzy analytic-hierarchy process, multi-objective analysis by ratio, and the full multiplicative form algorithm for sanitary landfill selection. The results of the research can be used as a reference for safe waste disposal in the city of Kraljevo
Agricultural Land Use Changes as a Driving Force of Soil Erosion in the Velika Morava River Basin, Serbia
Get PDFThe erosion potential model was applied to estimate the soil erosion status of rural settlements during the years 1971 and 2011. We used univariate and bivariate local Moran’s I indices to
detect and visualize the spatial clustering of settlements with respect to changes in erosion intensity
and agricultural land use, as well as their mutual spatial correlation. The study area was differentiated
into four statistically significant clusters using the calculated bivariate local Moran’s I indices. The
statistical analysis examined the two largest clusters, i.e., the high–high and low–low clusters, and
the results of the research indicate that the first four principal components explained 70.50% and
73.47% of the total variance, respectively. In the high–high cluster, the low rates of erosion reduction
(average Index Z = 98) in the most significant types of rural settlements were determined according to
demographic indicators (i.e., the higher population vitality and population density, the smaller share
of the old population and the lower average age of the population) and the large proportion of arable
land and Neogene sediments. In the low–low cluster, high erosion reduction rates were detected
(average index Z = 64). In this cluster, the more statistically significant influence of natural conditions
in combination with demographic–agrarian processes (i.e., the larger share of the old population,
the higher average age of the population, the lower vitality index and deagrarization) were decisive
factors in changing erosion intensit
Assessment of geosites as a basis for geotourism development: A case study of the Toplica District, Serbia
No full textToplica district represents an area in Southern Serbia with significant forms of geoheritage that have not been valorized yet. The aim of this pioneering study is to systematically analyze and evaluate all manifestations of the geodiversity in the Toplica district. Based on the geological importance, degree of attractiveness, and size, a total of six geosites were selected. The main goal of the study is to emphasize the insufficient utilization of huge geotourism potentials of the Toplica district and to determine the current geotourism development and geotourism potential of evaluated geosites. The geotourism suitability of each geosite is defined through comparative analysis. The Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) is used to assess the current state of the various elements of geodiversity in the study area. Positioning within the GAM matrix is defined by the values of the investigated parameters. Visualization of the distribution of the GAM indicators is an innovative approach for the interpretation of the obtained results. As a projection of the geotourism potential, the study presents the results of the traffic accessibility of geosites using the Geographic Information System (GIS)-based isochronous method. GIS and Digital Terrain Models are used in the visualization of the research area. The results of GAM apostrophize the current tourist value of Devil’s City, while the isochron analysis of GIS highlights the great geotourism potential of publicly little-known and touristically unaffirmed geosites. The results represent a basis that can support the affirmation of geotourism, the improvement of existing, and the development of new geotourism strategies in the Toplica district
Dataset for Green Transition Policies, Stakeholders and Practices in Serbia
No full textThis dataset contributed to deliverable 4.2 Regional Mapping Report and shows the Serbian mapping. This report is the second deliverable of WP4 – Measuring and assessing impacts and costs of a just green transition in the WB, of the GreenFORCE project. It was jointly authored by the WB project partners, as well as 2 subcontracted parties from the region.
The EU Economic and Investment Plan for the WB includes a green agenda for the WB, with pillars to be pursued for transitioning towards a carbon-neutral economy. Such a shift will surely challenge the economies and societies in the WB. The social and policy context is yet fragile to allow for the development and mass distribution of green transition technologies, while human resources are not prepared and/or are insufficient to produce and implement innovation. Yet, the green transition also paves the way towards new development and resilience opportunities. The research will inform on the readiness/potential of societal actors (industry, academia, policymakers, civic society) to embrace the pathways to transformation, and will propose a framework for continuous monitoring of impacts and costs. The key findings and lessons learnt derived within WP4 will be transferred into the scientific papers and policy briefs (WP 2 & 3) and published under the dissemination events (WP5).
Regional mapping is a key task for the research, contributing to initial data gathering and the refinement of the research proposal, and to the sub-question on the identification of sectors and territories affected by the transitions and current progress of transition practices. This is a participatory mapping, engaging local stakeholders and communities to reveal local knowledge. Each WB partner will produce the respective country report, and Co-PLAN will work on the final regional report.
This deliverable is the final regional report. It will also include the mapping frame used to conduct the mapping process. The WB partners will do the mapping for their own countries. The PC will subcontract data gathering for the remaining countries. The mapping is done for actors, practices and policies in place, territories upon the level of relevance and potential for engaging in green transition; and sectors. All partners will design the mapping frame, using also knowledge from other mapping processes. The frame will contain the type of information to be collected, the standardisation of data entry, and the tailored instruments to be deployed for accessing information