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Ruralni braunfi ld – šansa za depopulacione regije u Srbiji?
No full textRevitalizacija urbanih, industrijskih i vojnih braunfi lda uvek je bila privlačnija tema naučnoj javnosti od problema remedijacije ili amelioracije ruralnih prostora. U ovom radu kao teorijska osnova je poslužilo šire shvatanje pojma braunfi lda kao bilo kojeg prostora koji je ranije korišćen ali se danas više ne koristi u komercijalne svrhe. Slika mnogih depopulisanih naselja koje je napustilo radno sposobno stanovništvo već utiče i na lokalne samouprave u smislu nužnosti uklanjanja socijalne infrastrukture i uvećavanje broja napuštenih zgrada. Ako dodamo tome napuštene vojne, turističke, rudarske, industrijske, energetske i druge objekte na teritoriji depopulisanih sela onda dobijamo veoma kompleksan mozaik problema koji neposredno utiču na buduće upravljanje prostorom. U pojedinim državama Srednje Evrope, već su uspešno izvedenih socio-ekonomski zahvati u cilju revitalizacije pojedinih naselja koji mogu poslužiti kao primer. Ciljevi ovog rada bili su korelativno utvrđivanje uticaja veličine, odnosno udela obradivog zemljišta u ukupnoj površini prostorne jedinice na brzinu depopulacije kao i analiza uticaja obradivog zemljišta kao resursa na potencijalno obnavljanje pojedinih ruralnih braunfi lda u Srbiji a shodno faktorima koji utiču na vrednost zemljišta. Rezultati rada ukazuju na izvesne potencijale ali i ograničenja koja su nepremostiva u trenutnom ekonomskom sistemu.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Inkrementalizam kao dominantni teorijsko metodološki pristup planiranju na lokalnom nivou u Srbiji
No full textOpšte je poznata dihotomija između racionalnog i inkrementalističkog modela u teoriji planiranja, odnosno njihovo pozicioniranje na suprotnim stranama spektra mogućih pristupa planiranju prostora. Takođe, poznato je da su počeci i zlatna era planiranja u Srbiji i Jugoslaviji usko povezani sa racionalnim pristupom, piramidom planova, sistematičnim i pažljivim razdvajanjem planiranja i projektovanja. Radikalnom promenom sistema došlo je i do radikalne promene pristupa planiranju. Piramida planova je urušena, racionalno planiranje, koje je u međuvremenu evoluiralo u strateško, još uvek se zadržalo na nacionalnom i regionalnom nivou, ali je planiranje na nivou lokalnih samouprava postalo ono što inkrementalizam zaista i znači, improvizacija od slučaja do slučaja, odnosno fi gurativno gacanje po blatu. Parcela je predominantna tema gotovo svih planova i kao kancer jede oko sebe svaku misao na strateški pristup, i prilikom izrade plana i na javnim diskusijama. Glavne teme planiranja u javnom diskursu su legalizacija, preparcelacija, eksproprijacija, konverzija namene i informacija o lokaciji. iako mnogi profesionalci tvrde da se planiranje mora, da bi preživelo, prilagoditi novim uslovima dominacije tržišta i investitora, zabrinjava redukovanje strateškog načina razmišljanja o planskom razvoju prostora, posebno na lokalnom nivou. Pored konstatacija o sadašnjoj praksi planiranja na lokalnom nivou u Srbiji, rad pokušava da diskutuje o mogućnosti da i pomenuti inkrementalizam evoluira u neki napredniji oblik planiranja, koji bi i za javnost, i za vlasti i za planere bio prihvatljiv i manje rigidan.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Razvoj nuklearne energetike u evropskoj uniji i geografske determinante planiranja lokacije nuklearne energetske infrastrukture u Srbiji
No full textDanas kada je tradicionalna energetika ušla u fazu “ekološkog kočenja” i dekarbonizacije energetskih tehnologija, dolazi do tranzicije obnovljivih izvora i “nuklearne renesanse”. U vezi s tim i u Srbiji se pojavljuje “nuklearna dilema”. Posle pitanja da li graditi nuklearku, pitanje lokacije - gde graditi nuklearku, jedno je od najznačajnijih kada je reč o njenom uklapanju u fi zičko okruženje i socijalnu sredinu, i kao takvo spada u krug interesovanja prostornih planera. Planiranje izbora lokacije nuklearne elektrane zahteva svestrano naučno istraživanje pojedinih aspekata i kriterijuma (ekonomskih, tehničkih, ekoloških i drugih). Svrha takvih istraživanja je da identifi kuju moguće pretnje po bezbednost objekta u datoj oblasti, kao i da utvrde stepen uticaja na životnu sredinu. Rezultati istraživanja lokacije, nalaze svoj odraz u pripremi zakonskih i podzakonskih akata kao i planskih, strateških i drugih dokumenata i političkih odluka, koji prethode izgradnji takvih objekata. Zbog toga u orijentacionom izboru tehnologije i mesta gradnje atomske centrale, učestvuju specijalisti u širokom spektru disciplina, među kojima prostorni planeri imaju sinteznu ulogu i značaj, kao i državni organi različitog teritorijalnog nivoa koji su u vezi s poslovima prostornog planiranja i regionalne politike. Geografi i prostorni planeri koji su eksperti u oblasti lokacijskih studija, treba od početka da budu uključeni u timove za pripremu propisa i izveštaja o lokaciji, koji moraju biti usklađeni sa preporukama Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju (IAEA).Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Аграрна географија
No full textАграрна географија је основни универзитетски уџбеник намењен изучавању географије светске пољопривреде. Основни циљ уџбеника је да представи аграрну географију као научну дисциплину и прикаже општи поглед на историјске фазе развоја и факторе размештаја пољопривреде као економске делатности у глобалном аграрном простору. У уџбенику су размотрене одабране теме које би студенти географије, који тек улазе у ову сложену и значајну проблематику, требали да савладају. У оквиру седам поглавља обрађени су: предмет проучавања, циљеви и задаци аграрне географије, генезa, еволуцијa и просторнa трансформацијa аграрног простора света са аспекта аграрних револуција, историја развоја аграрне географије у свету и њени главни теоријско-методолошки правци, физичко-географски и социо-економски услови развоја пољопривреде, савремена просторна структура пољопривреде, типови и региони пољопривреде у свету, као и савремени процеси у примарном сектору светске привреде. Уџбеник је намењен пре свега студентима географских факултета и усмерења, а може бити од користи и студентима економских и пољопривредних факултета, научним радницима виших школа и универзитета, истраживачких института и институција које се баве проблематиком пољопривреде. Такође, уџбеник ће бити од користи и наставницима средњих школа, за њихово стручно усавршавање и као допунска литература у настави географије
Application of multispectral imaging in forest monitoring – a case study of national parks in Republic of Serbia
No full textDeforestation and forest degradation are one of the most complex ecological challenges worldwide. Multispectral imaging and remote sensing help researchers and forest managers to quantify forest loss and degradation. By combining multiple bands of satellite data, multispectral indices can highlight changes in forest structure and reduce the cost and time required for field research. In this research multispectral indices and remote sensing are used in different areas of forestry (such as deforestation, wildfires, phenology) and five examples of remote sensing in forest monitoring are presented. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to quantify deforestation in ski center in Kopaonik National park. The Normalized Burn Ration (NBR) is used to assess forest fire damage in Šar planina National Park. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) is used to monitor some phеnological events in Fruška gora National Park. The moisture content of vegetation in Djerdap National Park is analyzed with the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and pest damage is monitored with the NDVI and the Normalized Difference Rededge Vegetation Index (NDRE) in Tara National Park. The results of these five case study analyses show that multispectral imaging provides the most evident results in monitoring deforestation, while pest and disease damage is difficult to detect
Spatial and temporal variations of aridity-humidity indices in Montenegro
No full textHydroclimate in Montenegro has large seasonal variation and is prone to water shortages despite high annual precipitation totals. With unfavorable seasonal distribution of precipitation, as well as a low precipitation efficiency for limestone in ground surface, aridity often causes problems in water supply and agriculture. Moreover, recent changes in climate trends exacerbated seasonal droughts and wildfires with serious effects on the economy and environment. Previous studies mainly examined the magnitude and duration of precipitation deficit with respect to the long-term climatology thus enabling identification of different types of drought. For a better characterization of drought in this article, we examine the spatial pattern and trend in aridity in Montenegro from 1961 until 2020 as well as in the first and second half of this period. We use temperature and precipitation observational records from 18 weather stations to calculate three aridity (climate) indices: the De Martonne aridity index (IDM), the Lang’s rain factor (RF), and the Pinna combinative index (IP). We also examine Aridity Index (AI), by using ERA5-Land precipitation dataset, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) at 0.05 km spatial resolution. On an annual scale, all indices show a humid to extreme humid climate in Montenegro. At the seasonal level, winter, autumn and spring seasons exhibit very humid to extremely humid conditions, while summer shows semi-arid conditions mainly in the coastal parts of Montenegro, and neighboring inland. Period from September to April characterizes humid climate; May reveals less humid conditions, while June belongs to Mediterranean climates. July and August exhibit semi-arid conditions. Trends in IDM show growing aridity in April and August in the last six decades. Although growing aridity in April has been confirmed for the last three decades, both trends in IDM and AI show growing humidity in January and June
Deciphering the breaking points and spectral periodicities of mean air temperatures and precipitation sums in Montenegro
No full textUsing the Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums (RAPS) and spectral analysis methods, the study aimed to extract subperiods (a break point analysis) based on data from 18 meteorological stations in Montenegro and determine the elementary periodicity using the Lomb periodogram of mean seasonal and annual air temperatures and precipitation totals for the period 1961–2020. Prior to this, trend calculations were performed, which showed a significant increase in mean seasonal and annual temperatures, with the most intense warming occurring in the summer (from 0.30 to 0.75 °C/decade). Trends in seasonal and annual precipitation totals are insignificant. According to RAPS values, two subperiods are clearly distinguished for temperatures, and a sudden increase in mean annual temperatures at 11 stations (61.1%) occurred only in 1997 and 1998. The year 1991 was a break point in 22.1% of cases. For seasonal and annual precipitation totals, a minimum of 4 subseries can be distinguished at all stations. According to the RAPS method, the years 2002 and 2003 most frequently appear as the last pivotal points leading to an increase in annual precipitation totals. In terms of precipitation, the most prominent periodicity observed is at 2.1 and 3.6 years, suggesting a quasi-biennial oscillation. Additionally, a 14.7-year periodicity is noted in winter precipitation, and a 3-year periodicity signals ENSO. Regarding average annual and seasonal temperatures, short-term (2–3 years), medium-term (4–5 years) and long-term (6, 8 and over 20 years) periodicities are distinguished. Only at two stations, was the Markowitz wave (MW) signal
The pygidial gland secretion of Laemostenus punctatus (Coleoptera, Carabidae): a source of natural agents with antimicrobial, anti-adhesive, and anti-invasive activities
Get PDFIn the present study, we investigated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of the guanophilic ground beetle Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus (Dejean, 1828) and some of its chemicals against resistant and non-resistant bacteria and Candida species, the synergistic and additive potential of combinations of selected chemicals and antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacterial and fungal strains, anti-adhesive and anti-invasive potential of the secretion and formic acid alone and in selected combinations with antimicrobial drugs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) toward spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). In addition, we examined the antiproliferative activity of the secretion and formic acid in vitro. The tested secretion and the standards of formic and oleic acids possessed a significant level of antimicrobial potential against all tested strains (P < 0.05). The isolate from guano Pseudomonas monteilii showed the highest resistance to the secretion and formic acid, while MRSA achieved a significantly high level of susceptibility to all agents tested, particularly to the combinations of formic acid and antibiotics, but at the same time showed a certain level of resistance to the antibiotics tested individually. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis were found to be the most sensitive fungal strains to the secretion. Formic acid (MIC 0.0005 mg/mL) and gentamicin (MIC 0.0010 mg/mL) in the mixture achieved synergistic antibacterial activity against MRSA (FICI = 0.5, P < 0.05). The combination of formic acid, gentamicin and ampicillin accomplished an additive effect against this resistant bacterial strain (FICI = 1.5, P < 0.05). The secretion achieved a better inhibitory effect on the adhesion ability of MRSA toward HaCaT cells compared to formic acid alone, while formic acid showed better results regarding the invasion (P < 0.001). The combinations of gentamicin and ampicillin, as well as of formic acid and gentamicin and ampicillin achieved similar anti-adhesive and anti-invasive effects, with a slight advantage of formic acid and antibiotics in combination (P < 0.001). The secretion and formic acid were found to be non-toxic to HaCaT cells in vitro (IC50 ≥ 401 μg/mL)
Remote sensing application for geospatial data modelling – from digital terrain models to virtual reality models and digital twins
Get PDFОвај научни рад истражује примену система даљинске детекције у производњи и анализи геопросторних података, са фокусом на Дигиталне моделе геопростора (ДМГ) у које спадају дигитални модели терена и меш модели (модели виртуелне реалности) и његову улогу у функцији дигиталног близанца. Уводни део пружа преглед технологије и њене основне примене у снимању. Затим се разматрају производи који настају из облака тачака, са фокусом на њихове карактеристике, предности и могућности. На крају, описују се различите примене ДМГ-а у геопросторној анализи, као и њихов значај у областима, као што су грађевинарство, урбанистичко планирање, природне науке, систем одбране и виртуелна реалност. Овај рад представља значајан прилог за боље разумевање и примену технологије даљинске детекције у савременом геопросторном окружењу.Уредници: Дејан Стојковић, Далибор Петровић, Срђан Дими
Before becoming “Brazilian Germans”: Sociogeographical mapping of “Danube Germans” in Vojvodina
Get PDFThe settlement of Germans on the territory of today's Vojvodina began in the early 18th century, when after several wars the border between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires was established. The presence of so-called “Danube Swabians” was evident until the end of the World War II, i.e. the end of the Nazi occupation, when most of them were expelled by the new socialist government in Yugoslavia and deprived of their civil rights and property. After the expulsion, they found refuge in different parts of the world. For some of them, Brazil was the final destination like for many other peoples of German origin, e. g. Hunsrik-speaking “Deitschbrasiliooner”. Yet, socially and historically the situation was substantially different.
This poster focuses on a little-known segment of the "Donauschwowe" from former Yugoslavia, who in 1951 formed a new community of 500 families that eventually emigrated to Entre Rios, Gemeinde Guarapuava in Paraná (Brazil). What began as an agrarian society "Agrária" seems to have evolved into a vibrant cultural and linguistic community that has preserved many Danube-Swabian traditions and the language to this day. While the community members’ preservation efforts are well documented (e.g. YouTube videos, homeland museum within the cultural foundation), there has been little relevant research on the linguistic issues raised by this bilingual situation, including the historical dimension of language contact (it can be assumed that Serbo-Croatian played the most important role here, although not exclusively).
Our aim is to start filling this gap by providing a cartographic and historical-contextual framework for further research on the virtually extinct communities of Yugoslav "Danube Swabians" in the post-World War II period, with special attention to the above-mentioned minority in Brazil. In accordance with our interdisciplinary background, our poster offers 1) introductory historical and demographic facts about the Danube Swabians who emigrated to Guarapuava (Brazil), presented with several maps, and formulate 2) open questions about the corresponding socio-demographic, ethnographic and linguistic changes, which we intend to address in our further research. We will draw on census data, existing historical maps, online spoken and multimedia sources, and literature on Danube-Swabian dialects and German language minorities in Latin America