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(Dis)similarities between the urban systems of the former Yugoslav republics
No full textNational urban systems are dynamic and subject to constant change,
which can be the result of spontaneous development or planned action,
while major changes can be caused by changes in administrative
boundaries. The observation of the past and present state of the urban
system and the search for deviations from certain regularities in
terms of population size of the cities within the urban system and
their causes are necessary for planning the future organisation of
the settlement network in each country. Polarisation, which is expressed
in the pronounced population dominance of the capital, is
a key feature of urban systems in all former Yugoslav republics, with
slight differences in scale. Today’s state is mainly the result of an intensive
urbanisation process in the second half of the 20th century
and the creation of new administrative borders after the collapse of
the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. However, certain dissimilarities
in later development could allow interesting conclusions to
be drawn about different developmental factors and causal relationships.
Against this background, the current hierarchy (vertical dimension),
the spatial (horizontal) dimensions and the development of the
urban systems of the former Yugoslav republics were analysed in order
to assess possible development trends in the future. Prominent
approaches for researching and modelling urban systems were used
within the study, in particular the Rank-size Rule and the Law of the
Primate City. The study is based on available data, including previous
and recent censuses (with the exception of Montenegro and Bosnia
and Herzegovina for the most recent).Editors: Ivan Marinković, Marko Galja
Prospects for Sustainable Tourism in Mountain Protected Areas: A Case Study of Southeastern Serbia
No full textThis research analyzes the factors that influence tourist experiences in the mountainous protected areas of southeastern Serbia. Tourism encompasses all aspects of a destination that can attract visitors and affect their satisfaction during their stay. The study examines the demographic characteristics of visitors, their preferences, the quality of infrastructure, and the tourist resources that the regions offer. A total of 570 visitors were surveyed, of whom 526 completed valid questionnaires that focused on the mountain areas of southeastern Serbia, particularly the foothills of Vlasina. The questionnaire placed particular emphasis on specific elements that affect tourist satisfaction. Key findings indicate positive correlations between elements essential for sustainable tourism, determined using Spearmans' correlation. A chi-square test showed that environmental awareness and local community engagement were strongly associated with higher levels of overall tourist satisfaction, and a Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that older visitors, on average, expressed a greater level of satisfaction with infrastructure elements compared with younger groups. By focusing on the mountainous protected areas of southeastern Serbia, this research provides valuable insights for managers aiming to enhance visitor satisfaction and improve the quality of future experiences in the region
Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
No full textEnsuring the quality protection of geospatial elements entails environmental control, a task unattainable without precise measurement results. This article aims to conduct a spatio-temporal analysis of soil degradation and vegetation status within the influence zone of the Kolubara Mining Basin in Serbia. Remote sensing is employed to assess vulnerability to erosion using the erosion potential method. A geographic information system environment is utilized to generate an erosion map, illustrating erosive processes across different time periods, particularly comparing the present situation (2022) to 1983. Results indicate that observed areas are experiencing erosion due to changes in land use. Furthermore, this study investigates the use of the normalized difference vegetation index to monitor vegetation cover changes from 1992 to 2022. The objective is to demonstrate that these methods effectively depict degradation levels and vegetation status in the area. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the changes occurring across the analyzed years. Such insights are crucial for informing future efforts to restore the region to its natural state prior to lignite mining
Internal migration in Serbia through the lens of spatial planning: data sources and possible methodological solutions
No full textIn the first two decades of the 21st century, Serbia faced a significant population decline (from 7.5 million to 6.65 million), which affected almost 95 per cent of all settlements and 90 per cent of local centres. Beside general depopulation and “urban shrinkage”, unfavourable migration flows pose an additional challenge for spatial development. The spatial patterns of internal migration trace general socio-economic processes and thus represent one of the most important indicators of the diffusion of development within the territory. At the same time, internal migration flows represent a feedback loop for the increase of development disproportions. Considering that one of the main strategic objectives of spatial development in Serbia at all territorial levels (national, regional and local) is a more balanced distribution of the population, a broader and deeper insight into the extent and flows of internal migration can make an important contribution to spatial planning. Against this background, the study aims to identify various sources of statistical data and possible methodological solutions for conducting an analysis of internal migration in Serbia. The study utilises three different types of data provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, including: Population Census (migration characteristics of the population), Internal Migration statistics (immigration and emigration data based on changes of residence) and birth and death statistics (combined with population census data). The data used are partly published via the dissemination database and partly unpublished. The research results provide information on the advantages and disadvantages of using the above-mentioned data sources, e.g. data quality, availability, level of detail, etc. In addition, a comparative analysis carried out with all three data sources using specific examples revealed possible discrepancies in the results.Editors: Ivan Marinković, Marko Galja
Thermal assessments at local and micro scales during hot summer days: a case study of Belgrade (Serbia)
Get PDFIncreasing thermal risk in cities is endangering the health and well-being of urban population and is driven by climate change and intensive urbanization. Therefore, if we plan to enlarge the capacities of cities to be more climate resilient in the 21st century, more detailed monitoring of urban climate on local and micro scales is needed. For this research we performed two microclimate measurement campaigns in urban area of Belgrade, during hot summer days in 2021. In total, five measurement sites were chosen in different urban designs and different local climate zones (LCZs). For thermal monitoring (air temperature – Ta and globe temperature – Tg) the Kestrel heat stress tracker sensor with 1-min measurement resolution was used, but we used 10-min average values. Obtained results showed distinct thermal differences (up to 7 °C on average) between densely built-up areas and green areas. Differences between built-up LCZs are lower with values from 2 to 4 °C. Important part of this research was microclimate monitoring on sites within the same LCZ (intra-LCZ variability). Results showed that shadows and short- and
longwave radiation play a paramount role in thermal variability. Direct and reflected radiations on one measurement site increased Ta up to 6 °C and Tg up to 12 °C when compared to other measurement site (in a similar urban design), which was in the shadow
Causes of flooding and measures to mitigate the consequences - case study of Rakovica municipality (Belgrade, Serbia)
No full textThe subject of research is the flood potential in the municipality of Rakovica, with emphasis on the Topcider river and its tributaries. The task of the research is to determine the flooding regime of the Topcider River and its tributaries through the analysis of natural and anthropogenic causes of flooding. The task is to analyze the monitoring results of the Topcider river due to poor water quality. The goal of the research is to offer proposals for anti-flooding measures. The features of the relief, terrain slope, hypsometry, hydrographic network, and spatial distribution of clay were analyzed. The paper covers the measures taken to regulate the flow of the Topcider River and its tributaries, which had an impact on the reduction of floods. However, additional scientific research and financial investment are necessary to ensure anti-flood measures. Based on hydrological yearbooks for the period 2010–2021, the flow at the measuring station Rakovica (Topcider Reka) is shown graphically. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the data was analyzed and cartographically displayed. The paper includes the monitoring of the Topcider river from 2008 to 2022 with the aim of showing the poor state of water quality as a result of the lack of communal infrastructure and a large number of “wild” landfills, which increases the risk of soil pollution and the spread of infectious diseases during flooding
Abandoned objects detection by integrating GIS and artificial intelligence in urban security
No full textOvaj rad istražuje primenu naprednog računarskog vida, posebno YOLO algoritma, u domenu urbane bezbednosti uz upotrebu Edge Device-a i GIS tehnologije. Fokus je na detekciji i identifikaciji napuštenih predmeta poput kofera, rančeva i torbi, često značajnih za procenu bezbednosnih rizika u urbanim sredinama, uključujući i škole. Kroz analizu podataka i implementaciju YOLO modela na Edge Device-u, istražujemo efikasnost sistema u realnom vremenu u otkrivanju ovih predmeta na javnim mestima kao što su aerodromi, železničke stanice, trgovi i školski kompleksi. Takođe, integrišemo GIS tehnologiju radi geolociranja i analize detektovanih objekata u urbanoj sredini. Rad takođe analizira praktične implikacije ovakvog sistema za poboljšanje bezbednosti i efikasnog reagovanja na potencijalne pretnje u urbanim područjima. Kroz proučavanje ove teme, cilj je unapređenje strategija bezbednosti i prevencije u savremenim gradskim okruženjima.This paper investigates the application of advanced computer vision, specifically the YOLO algorithm, in the domain of urban security using Edge Device and GIS technology. The focus is on the detection and identification of abandoned objects such as suitcases, backpacks and bags, often important for assessing security risks in urban environments, including schools. Through data analysis and implementation of the YOLO model on an Edge Device, we investigate the real-time effectiveness of the system in detecting these objects in public places such as airports, train stations, squares, and school complexes. We also integrate GIS technology for geolocation and analysis of detected objects in the urban environment. The paper also analyzes the practical implications of such a system for improving security and effective response to potential threats in urban areas. Through the study of this topic, the goal is to improve safety and prevention strategies in modern urban environments.Urednici: Jelena Marić, Jana Markovi
Uticaj izmenjenih bioklimatskih uslova na planiranje grada – analiza toplotnog opterećenja u Beogradu tokom 30 godina
No full textPod uticajem klimatskih promena, menja se i klima gradova. Temperatura vazduha je svakako jedan od najznačajnijih parametara kojim opisujemo urbanu klimu. Međutim mikroklima gradova je znatno složeniji sistem, pa se i uticaj izmenjenih klimatskih uslova na kvalitet života u urbanim sredinama ne može pratiti samo korišćenjem jednog meteorološkog parametra. U današnjem kontekstu kada posledice klimatskih promena osećamo gotovo svakodnevno na svojoj koži, planeri i urbanisti, ali i svi drugi koji učestvuju u kreiranju javnih politika urbanog razvoja moraju promeniti način na koji sagledavaju mikroklimu gradova. Analiza termalnog komfora na otvorenom treba postati sastavni deo planova i strategija kojima se određuje vizija budućeg razvoja naših gradova.
U skladu sa navedenim, ovaj rad se fokusira na analizu termalnog komfora centralne zone Beograda, primenom bioklimatskog indeksa Heat Load (HL) - toplotno opterećenje u čoveku, tokom perioda od 30 godina (1991-2020). Cilj rada je sagledati na koji način se termalni komfor u centralnim, najgušće naseljenim i izgrađenim delovima Beograda, menjao u protekle tri decenije i kako ta saznanja mogu doprineti održivijem urbanom razvoju. Rezultati su prikazani na godišnjem i sezonskom nivou. Istraživanje je zasnovano na dnevnim meteorološkim podacima RHMZ-a, njihovim srednjednevnim i terminskim vrednostima (07h, 14h i 21h) zabeleženim na meteorološkoj stanici Beograd – Opservatorija (44°48N, 20°28E). Sprovedena analiza pokazuje umereni porast broja dana sa višim stepenom toplotnog opterećenja, odnosno dana kada su se vrednosti indeksa HL kretale u opsegu 1.026 – 1.180 (toplo) i 1.181 – 1.750 (vruće), posebno tokom letnjih meseci.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Ruralna depopulacija i ruralno stanovanje - izazov savremenih demografskih tokova
No full textNapuštanje ruralnih ognjišta direktna je posledica degradirajućih
depopulacionih procesa. Dok nove stambene jedinice niču vrtoglavom brzinom
u mnogim gradovima, ruralana naselja ostaju pusta i prazna, pretvarajući se u
“sela duhova”. Broj ugašenih ruralnih naselja veći je sa svakim popisom, a
prvi i najvidljiviji trag gašenja predstavljaju napušteni objekti ruralnih
domaćinstava. Rad sadrži prikaz prostorne distribucije napuštenih ruralnih
stambenih objekata u Srbiji, kao i sagledavanje stepena njihovog napuštanja.
Cilj rada predstavlja ispitivanje veze između inteziteta ruralne depopulacije i
pražnjenja objekata ruralnog stanovanja. Empirijska analiza pomenute relacije
može poslužiti za detektovanje propadanja ruralnih naselja, kao i potencijalne
pristupe ruralnoj regeneraciji, što predstavlja svojevrstan izazov.Urednici: Tadija Đukić, Vladislav Marjanovi
Значај регионалних развојних агенција у подстицању привреде региона на територији Србије
No full textУ раду су представљене улоге које регионалне развојне агенције на територији Србије имају, а односе се на промоцију регионалног развоја и јачање конкурентности региона. Дат је осврт на њихово оснивање, пословање, мисије и визије за просперитет региона. Пажња је посвећена поступцима који морају бити испуњени да би регионална развојна агенција добила акредитацију и могла успешно да послује. Циљ је да се размотри начин на који регионалне развојне агенције утичу на подстицање целокупне привреде региона. Наглашена је интеракција између регионалних развојних агенција и јединица локалне самоуправе, као и њихов однос са привредом, научном и стручном јавношћу. Приказани су услови за вредновање, али и могућности даљег побољшања ефикасности рада. Предочен је значај регионалних развојних агенција у оснаживању културног живота и поспешивању интеррегионалне сарадње. Фокус је и на интеракцијама које постоје између регионалних развојних агенција, али и односу који државни ниво управе има према њиховом раду и пословању.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти