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Изазови и перспективе географске науке у Србији у XXI веку
No full textУ овом раду дат је концизан преглед важнијих изазова који се појављују пред географијом као науком и као струком у процесу либерализације у првом кварталу XXI века. Ови изазови ће још јачати у будућности, услед промена у друштвеном, економском, политичком и академском окружењу. Јасно је да ће будућност ове дисциплине у великој мери зависити од способности прилагођавања новом окружењу. Овај рад има за циљ, не да понуди конкретна решења, него да подстакне наше географе/географкиње ка критичкој оцени филозофије властите науке, и да је организовано мењају према потребама које доноси ново доба - постмодерно доба.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Šta nam indikatori ciljeva održivog razvoja otkrivaju o starijem stanovništvu?
No full textGlobalno, ciljevi održivog razvoja mogu da ukažu na kompleksna kretanja u različitim društvenim segmentima koja su određena strateškim okvirima i defi nisana adekvatnim indikatorima, ali i daju vredne uvide na nacionalnom nivou. Rad ima dvostruk zadatak, da naglasi ciljeve u kojima se javljaju posebni pokazatelji o starijem stanovništvu sa jedne strane, odnosno da se ukaže na mogućnosti proširivanja indikatora o starijima u nepokrivenim oblastima. Korišćeni su zvanični izvori podataka koje publikuje Republički Zavod za Statistiku, prema kojima je je 2022. godine praćeno 125 indikatora okviru 17 ciljeva. Analiza je pokazala da se indikatori koji eksplicitno prepoznaju starije stanovništvo javljaju u oblastima 1) okončati siromaštvo 2) okončati glad 3) rodna ravnopravnost 10) smanjenje nejednakosti 17) partnerstvo. Kao rezultati se izdvajaju zaključci da je starije žene dugoročno pod većim rizikom od siromaštva, ali da je detektovano dalje pogoršanje koje je posledica povećanja stope rizika od siromaštva među muškim stanovništvom. Iako se usmerava pažnja na nutritivne potrebe i kod starijih lica, u izveštajima ne postoji pokazatelj kojim se meri. U okviru trećeg cilja koji se fokusira na blagostanje, nijedan indikator ne daje direktne informacije o starijem stanovništvu, iako postoji prostor da se u okviru podataka o incidenciji tuberkuloze i stopama smrtnosti od različitih bolesti prikažu pokazatelji i za starije stanovništvo. U okviru ciljeva koji se odnose na dostizanje rodne ravnopravnosti, markirana je starost žena od 18 do 74 godina koje su bile izložene različitim vidovima nasilja. Smanjenje nejednakosti kroz promovisanje socijalne, ekonomske i političke inkluzije je mereno indikatorom koji ukazuje da je kod starijeg stanovništva došlo do značajnog udaljavanja od cilja. Zaključak je da postoji neujednačenost između značaja rastućeg segmenta starijeg stanovništva i dostupnih pokazatelja o karakteristikama starije populacije, kao i da bi dodavanje novih pokazatelja koji se fokusiraju na ovu starosnu grupu osvetlilo bitne zanemarene nijanse.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Demografski resursi kao potencijal ili ograničenje razvoja parka prirode Stara planina
No full textGeografski predeo Stare planine predstavlja zakonom zaštićen prostor značajnih privrednih i turističkih potencijala. Prirodni i turistički potencijali ovog prostora predstavljaju značajan resurs ekonomske revitalizacije ovog društveno perifernog prostora nedovoljne razvijenosti. Osnovu svakog uspešno postavljenog plana razvoja predstavlja sveobuhvatno sagledavanje prirodnih, ekonomskih i demografskih potencijala i ograničenja određenog prostora. Predeo Stare planine, kao i čitav region Južne i Istočne Srbije, predstavlja demografski devastirano područje, sa veoma nepovoljnim vrednostima pokazatelja prirodnog kretanja i struktura stanovništva. Valorizacija prirodnih potencijala u turističke svrhe postavlja dvostruki zadatak u cilju očuvanja biodiverziteta i uravnoteženog ekonomskog razvoja. Usled navedene diskrepancije između postojećih prirodno-turističkih potencijala i demografskih ograničenja, kao integralnih segmenata plana ekonomskog razvoja ovog prostora, proučavanje demografske održivosti prostora dobija naročit značaj. U ovom radu kao pokazatelj demografske održivosti prostora korišćen je pokazatelj indeksa demografskih
resursa. U svojoj osnovi indeks demografskih resursa koristi vrednosti jedanaest pokazatelja demografskog „vitaliteta“ i obrazovnih karaktersitika stanovništva. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na postojanje značajnih demografskih ograničenja, pri čemu su pokazatelji procesa starenja i prirodnog kretanja stanovništva pokazali još nepovoljnije vrednosti i trendove.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Remote sensing and forest conservation: comparing NDVI and CORINE CLC as tools for improving national forest inventory updates and preventing illegal logging in Serbia
No full textEvidence convincingly shows that illegal and corrupt activities are the major underlying cause of deforestation – illegal logging contributes up to 30% of the global market, in excess of US $20 billion a year. Since so much deforestation is the result of illegal logging, we cannot rely on official production statistics to capture deforestation. National forest inventories (NFIs) in Serbia have been carried out very rarely (every 20 years), while the last two official estimates of the forest areas (for 2011 and 2014) are very imprecise, because they are based on the cadastral data (and Serbia is well known for the lack of cadastre updating). In this article we analysed two vegetation inventory techniques (NDVI and CORINE land cover). We clearly proved that NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) offers local policymakers in Serbia more possibilities for sound and sustainable forest management than CORINE Land Cover: calculated forest areas obtained by CORINE land cover were even 15% larger than in the official forest inventory, while NDVI gave very precise results. The main methodological cause for such a huge discrepancies in the obtained results is that CORINE land cover (no matter how good/precise the satellite images used) doesn’t go below the range of 4-5 ha space-units, while NDVI easily deals with space units of 5 m2. This is of a decisive importance for Serbia, where privately owned (agricultural and) forest land usually cover much smaller areas than 4 ha. NDVI is, also, very promising in the countries that very seldom perform national forest inventories, since it can easily provide local forest managers (especially in the munici-palities with highly pronounced illegal logging, like Kuršumlija), with several, very precise, up-to-date forest inventory data (per year). Also, it has scientific objectivity that (to a large extent) can help in pre-venting possible corruption in the sphere of forest management. In short, in order to properly manage forests in Serbia (common resources that are difficult to be produced and easy to be depleted) NDVI clearly offers policymakers very precious possibilities for better local forest management.Editor: Blagoja Markosk
Developing students' critical thinking through project tasks in geography lessons
No full textA well-developed student personality requires the acquisition of specialized knowledge, but also the development of critical thinking. There is a causal relationship between the acquisition of knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. The task of critical thinking is not the acquisition of numerous facts, but the mastery of cognitive skills. This can be achieved through student activities on a research project in a specific period of time with specific resources and organization. Project tasks allow students to develop their skills and abilities through independent research on concrete examples (model learning) and through a combination of convergent (logical) and divergent (creative) thinking. Project tasks allow the teacher to create different methodological scenarios that achieve a new quality of teaching and a higher level of student motivation. Teachers and students create an interactive, col-laborative and constructive relationship in which students acquire knowledge independently based on previous experiences and their own abilities. The aim is to lead students to independent conclusions, the formation of values and the application of knowledge, which in this way becomes more permanent.Editor: Blagoja Markosk
Устойчивое управление лесами в Сербии: перспективы для рекреации и сохранения биоразнообразия
No full textЛеса являются важнейшим природным ресурсом, имеющим ключевое значение для
реализации концепции устойчивого развития как с экологической, так и с социально-
экономической точки зрения. В статье анализируются аспекты устойчивого управления лесными
территориями Сербии, с особым вниманием к рекреации, туризму и сохранению биоразнообразия.
Исследование подчеркивает возможности улучшения использования лесов в образовательных
целях, оздоровительном туризме и улучшении окружающей среды на основе анализа доступных
данных и стратегий развития лесного хозяйства. Особое внимание уделено важности
многофункциональности лесов в контексте современных вызовов, таких как изменение климата,
деградация земель и утрата биоразнообразия.Forests are the most important natural resource, which is of key importance for the implementation of the concept of sustainable development from both the ecological and socio-economic points of view. The article analyzes aspects of sustainable management of forest areas in Serbia, with a special focus on recreation, tourism and biodiversity conservation. The study highlights the possibilities for improving the use of forests for educational purposes, health tourism and environmental improvement based on the analysis of available data and forestry development strategies. Particular attention is paid to the importance of forest multifunctionality in the context of modern challenges such as climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss
Exploring the Contemporary Spatial and Temporary Dynamics of the Settlement Hierarchy and System in Serbia’s Srem Region
No full textNewer trends of balanced regional development emphasize the development of functional integrational areas and strong spatial and functional relations based on the nodal concept and a functional process approach. Therefore, it is essential to determine the hierarchy of settlements in the network, which defines their demographic and functional capacity. This paper identifies the nature and characteristics of urban primacy in the Srem region in Serbia, using the rank-size rule and urban primacy index, as well as the hierarchy of settlements in the network, by calculating the importance of secondary activities and the centralization of the settlements. The results confirmed that while urban primacy is not expressed, the hierarchy of the settlements remains dominated by urban and suburban centres. © (2024), (Department of Geography). All rights reserved
The nature of urban sprawl in Western Balkan cities
Get PDFThe paper draws attention to the process of urban growth in the
Western Balkans, which is principally reflected in the physical
expansion into the surrounding area, leading to the conversion of
land into urban fabric – urban sprawl. According to the principles
of sustainable development, this process is considered unjustified,
especially if it is not a consequence of population growth. The
features and the intensity of urban sprawl in the Western Balkans
have been determined by mathematical and statistical methods,
using data from the Urban Atlas database. The main common
features and differences related to urban sprawl in the analyzed
cities are determined by several factors, which are discussed in
the paper. The purpose of the analysis of the intensity of urban
sprawl between 2012 and 2018 is to ensure a better
understanding of future processes that pose a potential ‘threat’ in
environmental terms, but also of other aspects of sustainable
development, relevant for bodies and individuals responsible for
urban planning. In accordance with the methodology used, the
results of the research confirm the presence of urban sprawl in
Western Balkan cities, although it has not been proven that there
are features common to all cities for any of the analyzed indicators
Symbology of Aeronautical Content of VFR Aeronautical Charts 1:500000 of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textПравила визуелног летења (VFR) представљају скуп правила за лет приликом метеоролошких услова који дозвољавају визуелно летење. VFR навигационе карте користе се као помоћ у навигацији ваздухоплова који лете по овим правилима. Прве VFR ваздухопловне карте заправо су биле топографске карте преко којих су, најчешће једнобојно, били одштампaни симболи ваздухопловног садржаја. Развојем ових карата развијала се и њихова симбологија. Данас се ваздухопловни садржај приказује помоћу више боја и може се категорисати у више група, што је веома важно како би битне информације биле лако уочљиве и како не би долазило до претрпавања садржаја чиме се нарушава читљивост карте. Међународна организација цивилног ваздухопловства (ICAO) прописала је стандарде и препоручене праксе које државе треба да прате у развоју и изради ваздухопловних карата. По њима сe израђују VFR ваздухопловне карте, па је и симбологија на овим картама израђена на основу стандарда и препорука ICAO. Симболи ваздухопловног садржаја на овим картама могу се категоризовати у четири групе: препреке, аеродроми и хелидроми, радио-навигациони уређаји и информације службе ваздушног саобраћаја.Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are a set of rules for flight in meteorological conditions that allow visual flight. VFR aeronautical charts are used to aid in the navigation of aircraft flying under these rules. The first VFR aeronautical charts were topographical charts on which symbols of aeronautical content were printed, typically in monochrome. As these charts evolved, so did their symbology. Today, aeronautical content is presented using multiple colors and is categorized into distinct groups. This categorization is crucial for ensuring essential information is easily discernible and prevents the content from becoming cluttered, which could impair the map’s readability. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established standards and recommended practices that countries must adhere to in developing and producing aeronautical charts. In line with these guidelines, VFR aeronautical charts are created, with symbology based on ICAO standards and recommendations. The aeronautical content symbols on these charts are grouped into four categories: obstacles, airports and heliports, radio navigation aids, and air traffic services