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Smanjenje siromaštva u kontekstu dostizanja prvog Milenijumskog cilja razvoja u Srbiji
Get PDFThe paper analyzes poverty in the context of the implementation of the first Millennium Development Goal in Serbia. This analysis included the recommended indicators for measuring the implementation of the three tasks within this goal, which is related to the reduction of unemployment, reduction of poverty and eradication of hunger in Serbia. Calculation of indicators involves the use of multiple sources of data: Labor Force Survey, Household Budget Survey, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Survey on Income and Living Conditions. A particular advantage of this analysis is that puts Serbia in a European context by comparing of certain indicators which indicates not only the achievement of the first Millennium Goal but also on the overall development.Rad se bavi analizom siromaštva u kontekstu realizacije prvog Milenijumskog cilja razvoja koji podrazumeva borbu protiv siromaštva i gladi. U analizu su uključeni preporučeni indikatori za merenje realizacije tri postavljena zadatka u okviru prvog cilja, koja se odnose na smanjenje nezaposlenosti, smanjenje siromaštva i iskorenjivanje gladi u Srbiji. Izračunavanje indikatora podrazumeva korišćenje više izvora podataka: Anketa o radnoj snazi, Anketa o potrošnji domaćinstva, Istraživanje višestrukih pokazatelja položaja žena i dece, Anketa o prihodima i uslovima života. Naročita prednost ove analize je ta što Srbiju stavlja u evropski kontekst kroz komparaciju određenih indikatora koji ukazuju ne samo na dostizanje prvog Milenijumskog cilja već i na sveukupni razvoj
Resursi pijaće vode kao izvor izraelsko-arapskih konflikata
Get PDFThe Jordan river basin is a part of the Middle East which has for centuries been a site of great religious, cultural, political and other upheavals. Bearing in mind that the resources of drinking water in this arid region are naturally limited, and that since 1930s there has been a rapid increase in population, expansion of urban areas, agricultural development and increase in industrial production, along with consequences caused by climate change, it is no wonder that limited resources of drinking water are a stumbling block and a source of tension, conflicts and clashes between countries in the region, i.e. Israel on one side, and the Arab states on the other. The paper especially highlights the geographical situation and the condition of drinking water resources in the basin of the Jordan river; factors and actors that jeopardize the drinking water resources; and conflicts and consequences of Israel's hegemony applied in resolving the division of drinking water resources in this basin.Basen reke Jordan predstavlja onaj deo Bliskog istoka koji je tokom vekova bio centar velikih religijskih, kulturnih, političkih i drugih previranja. Imajući u vidu da su resursi pijaće vode u ovom aridnom regionu prirodno ograničeni, a da je od 30-ih godina prošlog veka došlo do ubrzanog porasta populacije, širenja urbanih sredina, razvoja poljoprivredne i uvećanja industrijske proizvodnje, uz posledice izazvane klimatskim promenama, nije čudo što ograničeni resursi pijaće vode predstavljaju kamen spoticanja i izvor tenzija, konflikata i sukoba između država u regionu, odnosno Izraela sa jedne strane i arapskih država sa druge. U radu je posebno naglašen geografski položaj i stanje resursa pijaće vode u basenu reke Jordan, faktori i činioci koji ugrožavaju resurse pijaće vode, konflikti i posledice primene hegemonije Izraela u rešavanju podele resursa pijaće vode u ovom basenu
Challenges Ahead: Mitigating Air Transport Carbon Emissions
Get PDFIn this paper we confront widely accepted global climate stabilization goals (70% reduction of CO2 emissions) with the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) forecasts of future commercial aviation growth, in order to explore the real possibilities of realizing these climate stabilization goals. By using ICAO forecasts, we clearly show that, instead of the proclaimed 70% reduction of CO2 emissions, air transport's CO2 emissions are going to rise five-fold (4.9 times) in the 2005-40 period. But even if a 70% increase of aviation's energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 emissions could be somehow (miraculously) achieved, CO2 emissions of air transport would be higher by 50% in 2040 (than in 2005), due to the sudden increase in the volume of air-transport tourist trips. So, if the aim is to achieve ambitious energy consumption and GHG reduction for air transport within the next few decades, policies should aim at reducing total consumption, which means reducing VKT not just vehicle-specific consumption. Due to the extremely high growth rates in the volume of air traffic, it is highly unlikely that technical progress of engines will be sufficient to reduce overall emissions or even keep them at today's levels. Hence, the policy focus should shift to more rigorous and efficient implementation of market-driven instruments, which, apart from creating incentives to develop and use low-emission technologies, can also reduce the demand for travel
Uloga životne sredine u širenju infektivnih bolesti
Get PDFZdravlje pojedinca i lokalnih zajednica u mnogome zavisi od uslova koji vladaju u životnoj sredini. Infektivne bolesti su svuda u svetu, pa i kod nas, jedne od najzastupljenijih bolesti u opštem morbiditetu.
Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže ulogu životne sredine u širenju infektivnih bolesti. Životna sredina ima veliku ulogu u širenju infektivnih bolesti i to samo onih koje izazivaju otporni mikroorganizmi jer oni mogu dugo da se održe u vazduhu, zemlji, vodi i namirnicama, zahvaljujući svojim kapsulama, sporama ili cistama. Ovi mikroorganizmi omogućavaju, uglavnom, indirektni način infekcije.
S toga, moraju se preduzeti sve neophodne preventivne mere, kako bi se minimizirale mogućnosti širenja infektivnih bolesti putem životne sredine. Zaštita stanovništva od infektivnih bolesti vrši se sprovođenjem opštih, posebnih, vanrednih i drugih mera za zaštitu stanovništva od istih, u skladu sa zakonom.Urednici: Miomir Pavlović, Aleksandar Dekanski, Miroslav Pavlovi
Etnokulturni diverzitet i multikulturalizam u Kanadi
Get PDFCanada is a country with the longest tradition of institutional multiculturalism in the world. The paper analyzes the contemporary ethno-cultural diversity of the population of Canada. Immigration has given specific feature of this country, and each new wave of immigration has contributed to its ethnic and cultural diversity. The basis of today's Canada's racial and ethnic diversity makes groups that are different in their characteristics: whites of European origin (mainly British and French origin), so-called visible minorities and indigenous peoples. Canada has traditionally been considered a country where multiculturalism has achieved the best results in the integration of immigrants. Despite the undoubtedly great results, there is a discrepancy between the official policy of integration and social exclusion of new immigrants, especially visible minorities, from the economic sphere and general from public life. Prejudice and discrimination are still the reality for some minority groups, as well as a lower living standard of visible minorities, new immigrants and indigenous peoples. Although there is no serious alternative to multiculturalism in the Canadian society, the controversy about its real effects and objectives, attitude toward the French Canadians and indigenous people, the growing fear of Islamic extremism, and the sense of vulnerability of European values, leave room for different opinions.Kanada je zemlјa sa najdužom institucionalnom tradicijom multikulturalizma u svetu. U radu je analiziran etnokulturni diverzitet savremenog stanovništva Kanade. Imigracija je dala specifično obeležje ovoj zemlјi, a svaki novi uselјenički talas je pridoneo njenoj etničkoj i kulturnoj raznolikosti. Osnovu današnjeg kanadskog rasnog i etničkog diverziteta čine grupe koje se razlikuju po svojim obeležjima: belci evropskog porekla (uglavnom britanskog i francuskog), tzv. vidlјive manjine i domorodačko stanovništvo. Kanada se tradicionalno smatra zemlјom u kojoj je multikulturalizam ostvario najbolјe rezultate u integraciji migranata. I pored nesumnjivo velikih rezultata, izražen je raskorak između službenih politika integracije i društvenog isklјučivanja novih imigranata, pre svega vidlјivih manjina, iz privredne sfere i javnog života uopšte. Predrasude i diskriminacija su i dalјe realnost za neke manjinske grupe, kao i niži životni standard vidlјivih manjina, novih uselјenika i domorodačkih naroda. Iako multikulturalizam nema ozbilјnu alternativu u kanadskom društvu, polemike oko njegovih stvarnih efekata i cilјeva, odnos prema Frankokanađanima i domorodačkim narodima, rastući strah od islamskog ekstremizma i osećaj ugroženosti evropskih vrednosti, ostavlјaju prostor i za drugačija mišlјenja
Certain characteristics of population ageing using a prospective approach: Serbia as a case study
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to show trajectories of population ageing in Serbia according to chronological and prospective criteria. The data used are from the complete period life tables published around the census years from 1953 to 2011. The emphasis is on the most recent period, since these data allow us to incorporate a regional dimension into the study, and to carry out the analysis at the municipal level. Throughout this study period, the prospective age threshold in Serbia was below the retrospective threshold; as a consequence, the proportion of people with a life expectancy of 15 years or less was consistently higher than the share of people aged 65 or older. Only the most recently available data for 2010/2012 indicate that the share of the population with a life expectancy of 15 years or less was the same as the share of the population aged 65+, albeit with uneven contributions by the male and female populations. Indeed, the use of the prospective approach highlights the unfavourable mortality conditions in Serbia, which are not made clear when only the chronological approach to population ageing is applied
Saobraćajno-geografski položaj Balkanskog poluostrva kao značajnog migracionog koridora
Get PDFThe territory of Serbia in the traffic-geographical terms is a natural and shortest link between Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. This fact significantly affected the migration flows that represent a historical constant in this area.Teritorija Srbije u saobraćajno-geografskom pogledu predstavlja prirodnu i najkraću vezu između Evrope, Azije, Bliskog istoka i Sredozemlja. Ova činjenica značajno je uticala i na migracione tokove koji predstavljaju istorijsku konstantu na ovom prostoru.
Konvergentne i divergentne dnevne migracije stanovništva Zmijanja
Get PDFIn view of the fact that commuting flows present a complex settlement geographical phenomenon, whose frequency and development testify about many relevant features of the settlement network, in this paper, the emphasis is placed on the analysis of convergent and divergent daily spatial mobility of the population of Zmijanje. The analysis of convergent (inbound) and divergent (outbound) daily commuting flows of workers, pupils and students between their homes (domicile) and place of work / schools, and vice versa, is based on the field research in which 1,728 inhabitants (922 pupils and students and 806 workers) took part. The structural ratio between divergent and convergent commuting flows is 65.8: 34.2%. The obtained results, which were collected by surveying workers, pupils and students indicate that Zmijanje belongs to the unsteady migration space which is characterized, with the exception of the villages Podbrdo, Krupa on Vrbas and Bistrica, by low employment opportunities, undeveloped commercial and service sectors and educational functions, as well as by the migration of working-age and university-educated population. The diversity index of convergent and divergent commuters by educational level is 16.4, which supports this conclusion.S obzirom na to da dnevne migracije predstavljaju kompleksnu naseobinsko-geografsku pojavu čija zastupljenost i razvijenost svedoči o mnogim relevantnim svojstvima u mreži naselja, u ovom radu akcenat je stavljen na analizu divergentne i konvergentne dnevne prostorne mobilnosti stanovništva Zmijanja. U konvergentnim (ulaznim) i divergentnim (izlaznim) dnevnim kretanjima radnika, učenika i studenata na relaciji domicil - mesto rada/školovanja, i obratno, na osnovu terenskih istraživanja, utvrđeno je da učestvuje 1 728 stanovnika (922 učenika i studenta i 806 radnika). Strukturni odnos divergentne i konvergentne dnevne migracije iznosi 65,8:34,2%. Dobijeni rezultati, koji su prikupljeni anketiranjem radnika, učenika i studenata, ukazuju da Zmijanje spada u labilan migracioni prostor koga karakteriše, s izuzetkom naselja Podbrda, Krupe na Vrbasu i Bistrice, mala ponuda radnih mesta, nerazvijenost trgovinsko-uslužne i prosvetne funkcija i iseljavanje radno-sposobnog i visokoškolovanog stanovništva. Na ovu konstataciju upućuje i indeks različitosti konvergentnih i divergentnih dnevnih migranata prema stepenu stručne spreme, koji iznosi 16,4
Polarizaciono delovanje opštinskih centara na razvoj okruženja
Get PDFThe paper deals with the polarization influence of municipal centers on the development of environment. Level of polarization impact is measured by the level of migration i.e. attractiveness of a center for migration of population and by the number of commuters entering a municipal center. The results of the performed analysis clearly indicate that the impact of municipal centers on the development of environment increases as a result of the increase of the population.U radu je ispitivan polarizacioni uticaj opštinskih centara na razvoj okruženja, analizom indikatora definitivne i dnevne migracije stanovništva. Rezultati sprovedene analize (migracionog salda definitivnih preseljavanja, udela doseljenih u opštinski centar u ukupnom odseljenom sa opštinske teritorije, broja dnevnih imigranata u opštinski centar, odnosno njihovog udela u aktivnom stanovništvu centra) generalno potvrđuju pravilnost da demografska veličina centra determiniše intenzitet njegovog uticaja na razvoj okruženja, ali ukazuju i na neke izuzetke, koji ilustruju specifičnosti pojedinih delova državne teritorije. Stoga je izvršeno rangiranje opštinskih centara Srbije na osnovu intenziteta njihovog polarizacionog uticaja
Motivational factors of youth tourists visiting Belgrade
Get PDFYouth tourism is characterized by diversity of participants' motivation, in which culture-related motivational factors were designated in the previous research as particularly important. Aim of the research is providing contribution to the current findings about general motivation of youth tourists and their motivation to visit Belgrade. Research was conducted via survey in which the respondents rated importance of different push and pull motivational factors on Likert scales. Results indicate that culture-related push factors were rated highly, but lower than having fun, visiting interesting places, getting away from the routine and excitement. The most important pull factors are contact with the local residents and cultural attractions sightseeing, which were rated higher than recreation and engagement in night life, confirming the important role of culture in the motivation of youth tourists. The fact that Belgrade was on the way to another destination and the perceived inexpensiveness of stay in it were rated as more important pull factors than city's attraction base, which is in accordance with the determined transit quality of the visit. By using statistical methods (t-test, ANOVA), it was established that socio-demographic characteristics and trip frequency had significant influence on general and tourists' motivation to visit Belgrade