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Contemporary migration processes in Rural Areas of South Banat
Get PDFThe period after the Second World War is characterized by intensive processes of industrialization and deagrarization followed by uncontrolled urbanization. The newly formed socio-economic conditions triggered emigration from villages to towns. As a result of these processes deruralization, depopulation and rural and agrarian exodus have occurred, which is especially noticeable in the border part of South Banat. The consequences of these, especially the migration processes, have left strong and deep traces on the demographic development of rural settlements in this area, which are still visible. The following paper discusses characteristics of migration processes on the territory of South Banat, according to the census 2011, with special focus on the processes in rural areas. The aim of this paper is to show the importance and impact of modern migration processes in the demographic development of rural settlements. With a cartographic representation of the most vulnerable areas affected by the negative migration process, it will be pointed out the potential development trends of rural settlements in the study area in the future.Editor: Danica Šanti
Migraciona politika Evropske unije
Get PDFMore than two decades there is a tendency in the European Union towards harmonization of migration policies among Member States. However, the slow functioning of European structures, as well as the fact that each country has its own demographic problems, the different level of unemployment, the specifics of the cultural, social and economic development, are an impediment for explicit formulation of unified migration policy. In the time of the great migrations caused by global factors, primarily the relations between the great powers, civil wars and geopolitical implications, it is necessary to harmonize migration policy among all EU member states. This is primarily due to the fact that because such unforeseen migration flows from Africa and the Middle East caused changes in demographic characteristic of the EU, religious structures, with special attention to the integration of migrants and change in population distribution. Thats why is necessary to understand the connection of demographic elements with other elements of social systems in order to create meaningfull policy toward all types of migration flows.Više od dve decenije u Evropskoj Uniji postoji tendencija ka ujednačavanju migracione politike među državama članicama. Međutim, inertnost evropskih struktura, kao i činjenica da svaka država ima svoje demografske probleme, različiti nivo nezaposlenosti, specifičnosti u kulturnom, socijalnom, ekonomskom razvoju, predstavljaju kočnicu za formulisanje eksplicitno jedinstvene migracione politike. U uslovima velike seobe naroda koja je uzrokovana globalnim faktorima, pre svega odnosima velikih sila, ratovima i geopolitičkim implikacijama, neophodno je usaglasiti politiku doseljavanja među svim članicama Evropske unije. To je pre svega zbog činjenice da će usled ovakvih nesagledivih migracionih tokova iz Afrike i sa Bliskog Istoka doći do promene demografske slike EU, pre svega u domenu konfesionalne strukture stanovništva, zatim razmeštaju stanovništva, sa posebnim aspektom na integraciji migranata. Otuda je neophodno sagledati vezu demografskih elemenata sa ostalim elementima društvenih sistema, u cilju kreiranja svrsishodne politike koja će na najbolji način upravljati svim tipovima prostorne mobilnosti stanovništva
Belgrade's Urban Transport CO2 Emissions from an International Perspective
Get PDFFocusing on the implementation of increasingly strict energy and emission standards, the effect of the rapid increase in the use of motor vehicles on the degree of air pollution and energy consumption is completely neglected. All recent technological improvements and changes in the transport sector: substitution of fuels, increased use of diesel vehicles, direct gasoline injection, supercharging, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc., cannot offset massive growth in traffic, combined with significantly heavier, more powerful, more luxurious and thus more fuel-consuming vehicles. Hence, in this paper we focused on the carbon emissions and energy consumption of urban transport in Belgrade from an international perspective. Although the level of automobile CO2 emissions in Belgrade is still very low at 228 CO2 kg/per capita, due to the low volume of automobile passenger kilometres (1,502 pkm), the fact must not be overlooked that automobile mobility is of major importance to the total level of energy consumption in urban transport, and this can change surprisingly quickly. Only if Belgrade adopts transport and spatial development strategies similar to those applied by wealthy Asian metropolises at a similar stage of development is there high probability that its total urban transport CO2 emissions will stop at a reasonable level of around 700-800 kg CO2/per capita. Belgrade can prevent a dramatic increase in CO2 emissions and energy consumption (and mitigate the negative local environmental effects of traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and air pollution), only if it: 1. Implements a more decisive strategy to limit private vehicle use while its level of car passenger km (PKT) is still relatively low. 2. Does not try to solve its transport problems only by trying to build urban road infrastructure (bridges and ring roads). 3. Concentrates on more CO2 and energy-efficient urban transport systems, while at the same time.. 4. Developing urban rail systems (metro or LRT) with exclusive tracks that are immune to traffic congestion on urban streets
Obrazovna struktura ruralnog stanovništva Nišavske oblasti
Get PDFThe paper analyzes the educational structure of the rural population of Nišava region (Nišavski region) at the regional and municipal levels. The obtained results should indicate a change of qualification and the educational level of rural population of 15 years of age and over from 2002 to 2011. The aim was to perceive possible importance of human resources for cultural revival and social development of the villages in the Nišava region (Nišavski region) through the analysis of educational structure of the rural population.U radu je analizirana obrazovna struktura ruralnog stanovništva na nivou Nišavske oblasti i opština. Dobijeni rezultati bi trebalo da ukažu na promene školske spreme i obrazovnog nivoa seoskog stanovništva starijeg od 15 godina u periodu od 2002. do 2011. godine. Cilj je bio da se kroz analizu obrazovne strukture ruralnog stanovništva sagleda mogući značaj ljudskih resursa za kulturno oživljavanje i socijalni razvoj sela na prostoru Nišavske oblasti
Building a GIS Platform for Sustainable Land Management: A Case Study of the City of aak, Serbia
No full textThe general aim of this research is to contribute to sustainable land management and urban planning practices. An approach for building an urban planning-oriented information platform that could support a sustainable (i.e. environmentally sustainable), socially responsible and economically efficient decision-making process in the future at the municipal level is proposed. The proposed information platform approach relies on and is built for the Geographic Information System (GIS) but includes basic data management principles and the standards of the Spatial Data Information (SDI) concept, namely, INSPIRE. Thus, a model with the two following technical elements for building land management and urban planning based on a general platform or database is proposed in this article: (1) a conceptual Unified Modeling Language (UML) data model for urban planning metadata and data for different types of urban plans and (2) lists of land-use classes and types at the municipal level (included in the UML data model). The proposed approach includes a land-use model and the standardization of urban planning data to build a GIS platform to better integrate various types of data (social, economic, environmental, etc.) and is based on general and detailed urban regulation plans and land governance practices in the City of aak, Republic of Serbia. Once implemented, the proposed approach is expected to create preconditions for decision making regarding future sustainable land development in aak and other municipalities in Serbia
Research of the valleys of the Adriatic drainage basin rivers by Milojević
Get PDFРад се бави проучавањем Боривоја Ж. Милојевића долина највећих река бивше Југославије, које припадају јадранском сливу. Проучавајући долине Зрмање, Крке, Чиколе, Цетине, Неретве и Мораче, Милојевић се водио регионално-географским приступом. Истражио је и представио геолошке, геоморфолошке, климатске, хидролошке и биогеографске одлике ових долина, саобраћајнице, привреду (посебно пољопривреду), насеља и антропогеографске одлике, при чему је однос природе и становништва доводио у узрочно-последични контекст.The paper presents the research in the valleys of the largest rivers of the former Yugoslavia belonging to the Adriatic basin by Borivoje Ž. Milojević. Studying valleys of Zrmanja, Krka, Čikola, Cetina, Neretva and Morača, Milojevic was led regional geographic approach. He explored and presented geological, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological and biogeographical features of these valleys, roads, economy (especially agriculture), settlements and anthropogeographical characteristics and the ratio between nature and population led the causal context
The atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the forest fires in France in the period 1980-2014
Get PDFThe study examines the connection between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the forest fires (the annual number of fires, the annual burned area and the average burned area per fire) in France in the period 1980-2014. In order to determine the strength of the correlation connection Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used. Monthly, seasonal and annual values of AMO were used in calculations, and one year phase shift was performed (the values for the previous year were used). In burned area the highest values of R on the monthly level were recorded for April (-0.474) and January (-0.470), and on the seasonal level for winter (-0.459) and spring (-0.447). These values are statistically significant at the level of p=0.01. By phase shifting the highest level of correlation was obtained for the autumn (-0.489). In the average burned area per fire on a monthly level the highest value of R was for January (-0.522), and on seasonal for winter (-0.506). By phase shifting the highest value of R was obtained for autumn (-0.522). In the number of fires the highest values were recorded by phase shifting for September (-0.382) and autumn (-0.337). All R values recorded during the study had a negative sign (the correlation is antiphase). In addition, downward trends were determined for all three examined indicators of forest fires in the researched period (1980-2014). Results of the research could be used as a basis for the long-term forecast of the risk of forest fires, and the approach used in the research could be applied for the other areas of the world. However, the more detailed research of the effects of other teleconnections are necessary
Matrix pixel and Kernel density analysis from the topographic maps
Get PDFComplex networks with building density play a significant role in many fields of science, especially in urban sciences. That includes road networks, hydrological networks, computer networks and building changes into geo-space through some period. Using these networks we can solve the problems like the shortest path, the total capacity of networks, density population or traffic density in an urban or suburban area. In this paper for quantifying the complexity of road networks and a novel method for determining building density by using a matrix pixel analysis and Kernel distribution with a concrete example of the city of Belgrade. Both of them represent geo-spatial data. In this case we have analyzed road networks, building density, with the help of specially created software for analyzing pixels on the maps from 1971, including the properties of geo-spatial data we have analyzed from old topographic maps in ratio 1:25.000
Metodološka rešenja savremenih popisa stanovništva u Francuskoj
Get PDFIn developed countries of the world, themes of census statistics and methodology represent an extraordinary significance. Alternatives of traditional census, outdated in many ways, are being studied. In the era of globalization, where migration is an essential concept, as well as technological boom that provides a more economical and more frequent statistical surveys, census actions provide outdated data, therefore there is a need for new methods. This paper is about the experience of one country in the implementation of new census methods in accordance with the needs of the government and users. Positive and negative aspects of this method are considered in this paper. Rolling census in France was supposed to provide two essential conditions: the existence of a local database that would be annually updated with new data and reduction of census financial costs that would undoubtedly be higher during the use of traditional methods. After ten years of its usage it could be said that the new method has met expectations.U razvijenim zemljama sveta tema popisne statistike i metodologije predstavlja izuzetan značaj. Izučavaju se alternative tradicionalnog popisa stanovništva koji je u mnogo čemu prevaziđen. U eri globalizacije, gde migracija predstavlja nezaobilazan pojam, i tehnološkog procvata koji pruža ekonomičnija i učestalija statistička istraživanja, popisne akcije koje se sprovode na deset godina obezbeđuju već zastarele podatke, stoga se javlja potreba za novim metodama. Ovaj rad govori o iskustvu jedne zemlje u implementaciji novog metoda popisivanja od njegovog nastanka i razvoja, a u skladu sa potrebama države i korisnika. Izložene su pozitivne i negativne strane takvog načina popisivanja. Rotacioni metod u Francuskoj trebao je da omogući dva bitna uslova: postojanje baze podataka na lokalnom nivou koja bi se godišnje ažurirala novim podacima i smanjenje finansijskih izdataka popisivanja koji su nesumnjivo bili veći u vreme korišćenja tradicionalnog metoda. Nakon njegove desetogodišnje upotrebe može se reći da je novi metod ispunio očekivanja
Geološki građevinski materijali kao mogući faktor razvoja Šumadijskog okruga
Get PDFGeological building materials that include building stones (structural and dimension stone), stones used to produce construction materials (binders, thermal insulation) and industrial stones are among the more important natural or, more specifically, geological resources. Their use is mostly related to construction, but also to certain other industries. When an area abounds in these resources, this can significantly boost its development, provided that the resources are used in a sustainable manner. This article discusses the possibilities of the Šumadija District.Geološki građevinski materijali kao što su građevinski kamen (tehnički i arhitektonski), kamen za proizvodnju građevinskih materijala (veziva, termoizolacioni materijali) i kamen u industriji, predstavlјaju jedan od važnih prirodnih, odnosno geoloških resursa. Nјihova eksploatacija, vezana je, pre svega za građevinsku delatnost, ali i za neke druge privredne grane. Bogatstvo u ovim resursima može značajno da doprinese lokalnom privrednom razvoju, uz uslov da se poštuju principi njihovog održivog korišćenja. Primer koji je ovde prikazan odnosi se na teritoriju šumadijskog upravnog okruga