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GIS and Remote Sensing based natural hazard modelling of Kriva River catchment, Republic of Macedonia
No full textIn this paper, an approach of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) assessment of potential natural hazards (excessive erosion, landslides, torrential floods and forest fires) is presented. For that purpose the Kriva River catchment in the northeastern part of the Republic of Macedonia is selected as a study area because of high local impact of natural hazards on the environment, socio-demographic situation and local economy. First of all, the most relevant static factors for each type of natural hazard are identified (topography, land cover, man-made structures and infrastructure). With GIS and satellite imagery, multi-layer calculation is performed based on available traditional equations, clustering or discreditation procedures. In such way suitable relatively "static" natural hazard maps (models) are produced. Then, dynamic (mostly climate and land use related) factors are included in previous models resulting in appropriate models. Finally, GIS-based models are evaluated and tested with field check or visually on very fine resolution (0.5 m) orthophoto imagery, showing acceptable accuracy. At the end, with combination and overlapping of high risk zones for each hazard type, multi-hazard map (model) is created. The creation of a multi-hazard map is the first important task for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards in the risk-prone area. Further development of such GIS models in connection with meteorological stations and dynamic satellite imagery (like MODIS) will provide on-time (early) warning for upcoming natural hazards minimizing potential damage. The obtained results could be applied in the field of spatial and urban planning, water and soil management, etc
The north atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the water temperature of the Sava river in Serbia
Get PDFThe data on the water temperature of the Sava in Serbia (hydrological stations Sabac and Belgrade, period 1961-2015) were used for the research, as well as the data on the surface air temperature. The temperature trends were determined and the significance (at p lt = 0.05 and p lt = 0.01) was established on the basis of the t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used for the calculation of the correlation. Increasing trends of the water temperature of the Sava were recorded in all cases at both stations. However, in the case of the HS Sabac, the trends for 6 months (February-April and September-November) were not statistically significant. In the case of the HS Belgrade, all the calculations (except for April) showed statistically significant increasing trends, which can be explained by anthropogenic influence. High level of correlation between the surface air temperature and the water temperature was also determined. In this research, the lowest values of R were recorded for October (0.561 for Belgrade), and on the seasonal level, for autumn (0.625 for Sabac). The research on the correlation between the water temperature of the Sava River and the NAO index showed the highest values of R for January (0.512 for HS Sabac and 0.528 for HS Belgrade). On the seasonal level, the highest values were recorded for winter (0.422 for HS Sabac and 0.432 for HS Belgrade)
Occupation and land degradation due to mining works: Example of the 'Kolubara' mining basin
Get PDFThe subject of this scientific-research paper is the occupation and land degradation due to mining works in the 'Kolubara' mining basin. The aim of the research is to determine areas exposed to degradation and to display devastated areas along with the possibility of conditions' improvement through the revitalization of certain areas. Additionally, the aim would be the proposal of measures for solving other ecological problems, such as waste, tailings sites and activities to reduce the level of environmental pollution and to conduct the proper monitoring
Protected areas in the function of sustainable development: Case study on the city of Belgrade
Get PDFThe transformation of autochthonous habitats and ecosystems, the spatial distribution of which overlaps the territory with developing urban settlements, leads to a permanent destruction of their ecological stability and biodiversity impoverishment. The processes of conversion and fragmentation of habitats are simultaneously following the spreading of spatial and functional urban areas, whereby it is often possible to secure the survival of remaining species and their communities only through legal protection. The existing ecological effects in the nature protection process have been analyzed on the example of the protected areas located on the territory of the City of Belgrade. At the same time, the goal of this paper includes the consideration of potentials that, together with the process of protection of natural values, can be valorized in the context of sustainable development and provision of ecosystem services due to the adequate management of protected areas
GIS analysis of land use changes: Case study: The Stara Pazova municipality, Serbia
Get PDFThis paper examines land use changes on the territory of Stara Pazova municipality with an aim to describe the evolution of these changes and future trend. Lack of the reliable data about history of land use changes, which is one of the main problems in the similar researches in Serbia, was solved by using CORINE (Coordination of information on the environment) land cover database. The collected information and GIS analysis conducted under created geodatabase enable insight in spatial and temporal dimensions of these changes, identification of change types and assessment of their intensities. The obtained results indicate that trends of land use changes for the period 1990-2000 and 2000-2012 are very similar and point to tendency of agriculture land reduction and increasing of residential and industrial zones
Historical hydropower projects and demographic processes Case study municipality of Mali Zvornik
Get PDFConstruction of dams and creation of artificial water reservoirs affect the transformation of landscape and socioeconomic structure of geospace. Some of the most significant changes are related to demographic processes, manifested by the resettlement of people from submerged parts of the settlement and changes in the demographic structure. The article analyzes the impact of the building of the hydropower plant 'Zvornik' and artificial Zvornik Lake on demographic processes in Municipality of Mali Zvornik in the period 1948-1961. Analysis of statistical data shows that the changes of population, population density, number of households, average household size, sex ratio, ethnicity and economic structure deviate from the usual demographic trends. Changes were detect in settlements that, after the construction of the dam, were located on the shore of the newly formed Zvornik Lake. These changes were directly related to geographical and socio-economic transformation during the construction of HPP 'Zvornik'
Representation ethnological content in geography textbooks for 2nd grade gymnasium
Get PDFThe interdisciplinary teaching-scientific disciplines and all participants in the educational process, the school becomes an environment in which, in addition to teaching and learning, fosters the harmonious development of personality of students with various aspects. Geography and ethnology ratio is determined by their position in the system of scientific disciplines and tasks that have in education. From ethnology as a science is the selection of content, according to educational and functional tasks of teaching geography in specific socio-historical context. In geography textbooks represented ethnological themes through the study of the origin, beliefs and customs of a nation or community. As such, characteristics of the different analyzed ethnology people, by studying the relations between them, and thus enrich the geography textbooks. Ethnological facilities are very suitable for the teaching process because they enable wide application forms and methods, as well as a wide selection of new information and communication educational technologies. The aim of this paper is based on defining similarities and differences between geography and ethnology, as well as related and in many ways related to science and unbreakable. The aim of the paper points to the scale of the ethnological contents in geography textbooks for Secondary school. The results show that in terms of geography and ethnology, there are some similarities, but also differences when it comes to the interpretation of certain phenomena, processes and principles. Based on the results, proposals are defined which are contributing to a more efficient study of ethnological content with the aim of more obvious, more permanent and more practical adoption of students' knowledge
Use of building stones in municipality of Arandjelovac
Get PDFGeological building materials are among the most important natural resources. Like other natural resources, their representation is due to the corresponding natural conditions, that is, in this case, the geological structure and the tectonic structure of the terrain. Territory of the Municipality of Arandjelovac is one of the specific areas where there is long tradition of exploitation and processing of building stones, due to presence of quality raw materials
Asterism and constellation: terminological dilemmas
Get PDFIn contemporary astronomical literature, there is no uniform definition of the term asterism. This inconsistency is the consequence of differences between the traditional understanding of the term constellation, from the standpoint of the naked eye astronomy, and its contemporary understanding from the standpoint of the International Astronomical Union. A traditional constellation is a recognizable star configuration with a well-established name, whereas the International Astronomical Union defines a constellation as an exactly defined sector of the cosmic space that belongs to a particular traditional constellation. Asterism is a lower rank term in comparison to constellation, and as such it may not denote a whole traditional constellation, as these terms would become synonymous and parts of constellations would become "asterisms of asterisms". Similarly, asterism cannot define a macro configuration composed of the brightest stars in more constellations, thus, the Summer Triangle and other sky polygons are not asterisms. Therefore, asterisms are neither constellations nor sky polygons, but the third - easily recognizable parts of traditional constellations with historically well-established names, including separate groups of smaller stars that belong to star clusters (autonomous asterisms). Forms and names of asterisms may or may not be consistent with the parent constellation, and accordingly asterisms can be divided into compatible and incompatible. If asterisms have outlived the exact division of the celestial sphere and remained irreplaceable celestial landmarks in the naked eye astronomy, then it is high time for the International Astronomical Union to agree on the definition of asterism and to compile their official list
Legal and planning framework for nature protection - comparative analysis of Austria and the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFThe topic of the study is specificity of the system of protection of natural parks in Austria and the
Republic of Serbia. Similarities and differences of the system in analyzed countries are shown through the analysis of planning documents, legal and other legal regulations referring to nature protection, with special emphasis on problems of protection of areas of natural parks. The aim is to indicate to the possibilities of improvement and future direction of development of the system of protection of national parks in Serbia on the basis of examples of good practice of EU member countries.Editors: Radoje V. Pantović, Zoran S. Markovi