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Model of Functional Urban Areas in Serbia
No full textThe aim of this paper is to research the processes and relationships between urban network and administrative divisions in the Republic of Serbia. The hierarchy of urban centers is established on the basis of two indicators of European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) methodology: the population morphological urban area (minimum of 15,000 inhabitants or close to this number in specific cases) and percentage of functional urban areas above 0.5 percent of the national population. On the basis of relevant data comparison is conducted of functional urban areas and the status of cities in the new territorial organization of local government in the Republic of Serbia
Холистички концепт географије у перцепцији проблема истраживања социјалне екологије
No full textГеографија је од најстаријих времена препозната као наука и друштвена пракса склона да повезује објекте, појаве, процесе и односе на релацији природа – друштво, живо – неживо. Она има континуитет искуства, идентитета и легитимитета да схватања, знања и тумачења реалног света конципира на зонама прожимања дела и материја природних, друштвених и хуманистичких наука. Зато се може изнети и научно документовати претпоставка да њен холистички концепт има велики значај у настанку, развоју и експанзији теоријских и апликативних својстава социјалне екологије. Данас географија и социјална екологија баштине заједничке епистемиолошке детерминанте схватања и објашњавања предмета истраживања, система друштво - природа. За њих је њихово раздвајање проблематично, а приступ предмету истраживања (означеног са низом појмова: екосфера, географски простор, ноосвера, социосфера) полази од субјекта – друштва које је субјект и објект у истраживању. Међутим, на развој географије и настанак социјалне екологије велики утицај има и појава научне екологије током друге половине XIX века у процесу интензивног развоја природних наука, са кореном у романтизму (крај XVIII) и култу природе (почетак XIX века). Заправо екологија има значајан допринос у ревитализацији и одржавању холистичких концепата у географији и сталној потреби географизације географије. За настанак хумане, а затим и социјалне екологије пресудан је био почетак XX века, време перцепције и потребе научног тумачења међузависности великих географских, социјалних и еколошких промена.Уредник: Душко Јоји
Economic consequences of bank erosion in the lower part of the Kolubara river basin, Serbia
No full textAnthropogenic influences on the hydrological network in the lower part of the Kolubara River have been notably intensive since 1959, when huge river regulation works were constructed to open new mining fields for lignite exploitation. From that moment, the Kolubara River flowed through the Pestan's riverbed (its right tributary), and the bank erosion became stronger, resulting in the lateral migration of the river course on one hand and land loss, land use changes, and economic consequences on the other hand. The economic effects caused by bank erosion were analysed both via the loss of land and the reduction in the volume of agricultural production. In the period 1967-2010, bank erosion caused a land loss of 67.3 ha, including 39.6 ha of arable land. The total value of the land loss by 2010 was 80,560 USD, and the total loss in agricultural production was 634,240 USD (1982=100). The second aim of this study was to investigate the costs and benefits of bank protection using the method of bank revetment construction at the moment bank erosion became more intense and during the latest phases. The results of this research suggest that any delay in the investment in Kolubara River bank protection could be adverse. If the bank revetment along the endangered river banks was built in 1967, all investments would have been recovered through income from agricultural production and selling the lost land by 2010. The results should provide information for river engineering, environmental planners and policy makers who must deal with decisions regarding planning and the protection of bank erosion
Merits and demerits of different methods for radon exhalation measurements for building materials
Get PDFWith an increase in the awareness of the need to save energy, residents tend to live in dwellings with increasingly tight windows and doors, thus reducing the ventilation rate of indoor air which leads to an increased accumulation of radon indoors. Having in mind that a dose from an exposure to inhaled radon and its progenies can be higher than a dose received from radium in building materials, it is suggested that radon exhalation measurements should receive due attention. In this contribution, the authors compare results gathered using a few methods for radon exhalation measurement and discuss its merits and demerits
Influence of pharmacological education on perceptions, attitudes and use of dietary supplements by medical students
Get PDFBackground: The ready availability and use of dietary supplements (DS) by the public means that healthcare professionals require education in this area. In the Republic of Serbia, education related to use of DS is included in undergraduate medical training and it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of this education. The aim of our survey was to investigate the influence of pharmacological education on the use, attitudes and perceptions of risks associated with DS among medical students. Methods: Medical students at the University of Kosovska Mitrovica participated in the survey. Three hundred eighty questionnaires were distributed, yielding a response rate of 89% (n = 334). Data were categorized by year of study, completion of a one-year course in pharmacology and having passed the final exam. The results were compared between 192 (58%) medical students educated in pharmacology (MSEP) and 142 (42%) medical students not educated in pharmacology (MSNEP). The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts: socio-demographic and lifestyle/behavioral characteristics, use of DS, attitudes about efficacy, safety and perception of risk due to DS use. Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: About 53% of respondents used some form of DS. Attitudes regarding the safety of DS consumption showed a difference between the groups. MSEP were more likely to agree that DS have the potential to cause adverse reactions (Likert scale mean 4.1 vs. 3.5, p lt 0.001) as well as interactions with conventional drugs (Likert scale mean 4.2 vs. 3.2, p lt 0.001) than MSNEP. Finally, MSEP ranked St. John's wort and ginkgo as the most dangerous DS, but creatine and vitamin C were both ranked as relatively safe. Conversely, MSNEP considered ginkgo and vitamin C the most harmful DS, claiming that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D had the least hazardous side effects. Conclusion: Our results showed that pharmacological education gives young medical students a better understanding of the risks of DS-drug interactions and potential adverse effects. However, their overall attitudes and perception of risk indicate the need for further education
Depopulation and demographic aging of population: Case study municipality of Crna Trava
Get PDFThe municipality of Crna Trava is characterized by the most prominent demographic problems in the Republic of Serbia. The problem of depopulation and demographic aging of the population is one of the most important that Serbia faces and it represents one of the causes of regional inequalities. After the Second World War, the territory of the municipality of Crna Trava was affected by the great demogeographic changes that affected the transformation of this region. Demogeographic changes are clearly visible and are characterized by a decrease in the total population, population density and natural growth. As a consequence, there have been negative changes in the structural characteristics of the population. Depopulation is the dominant process, and the socio-economic situation in this municipality and the entire region does not provide opportunities for demographic and economic revitalization
Closing of schools and redistribution of teaching staff: Case study of the municipality of Nova Varoš
Get PDFThis research examined the redistribution of teaching staff in the Municipality of Nova Varoš in the last 25 years. The aim of this paper was to determine the number of teachers who were redistributed in the mentioned period and whether this was influenced by the closing of schools and the decrease in the number of schools. The results were obtained on the basis of data analysis from the Annual Work Plans of Schools in the Municipality of Nova Varoš and the Special Collective Agreements for employees in primary and secondary schools. The results of the research indicate that the optimization of the school network, based on the current state and demographic trends, will go towards the unification of small schools
Changing climate shifts timing of European floods
Get PDFA warming climate is expected to have an impact on the magnitude and timing of river floods; however, no consistent large-scale climate change signal in observed flood magnitudes has been identified so far. We analyzed the timing of river floods in Europe over the past five decades, using a pan-European database from 4262 observational hydrometric stations, and found clear patterns of change in flood timing. Warmer temperatures have led to earlier spring snowmelt floods throughout northeastern Europe; delayed winter storms associated with polar warming have led to later winter floods around the North Sea and some sectors of the Mediterranean coast; and earlier soil moisture maxima have led to earlier winter floods in western Europe. Our results highlight the existence of a clear climate signal in flood observations at the continental scale
Demographic endangerment of the rural settlements of Rogozna mountain and possibilities for their revitalization
Get PDFThe study of the rural areas of Serbia is in the narrowest sphere of interest of the economic policy makers, with the aim of creating more balanced regional development. The economic underdevelopment of rural areas is a burden on the state as a whole, and one of the most important development issue. Based on the results of the 2002 and 2011 census, it can be concluded that the number of inhabitants in Serbia is reduced by 30,000 annually. Particularly worrying is the fact that the balance between rural and urban areas has been disturbed, at the expense of rural areas. The data show that out of 4,709 villages in Serbia, 700 of them have no demographic future. Abandoned houses, collapsed cooperative homes, shops, empty schools, closed ambulances - all of these are indicators of the seriousness of the problems that the mountain villages of Serbia, and therefore Rogozne, are facing. The situation in rural areas in Serbia may be best illustrated by the following: 1,200 villages are in a phase of disappearance, 50,000 houses are empty, and in another 150,000 no one currently lives, more than 1000 villages have fewer than 100 inhabitants. However, the most important problem is the average age of people living in the villages of Serbia - 43.6 years, while the average age of citizens in cities is 41.3 years. The residents of rural areas on Rogozna mountain consider that, should the economic situation improve, it should encourage positive demographic changes in these villages. This is only possible through ensuring a secure existence and sustainable agricultaral production (secure placement of agricultural products)