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Izazovi u populacionoj politici prema migracijama stanovništva u uslovima neravnomernog razmeštaja populacionih potencijala u Srbiji
Get PDFPopulation distribution, as one of the key topics in geographical research, reflects the integrity of physical, social, economic and historical factors of certain area. This paper provides an overview of the spatial concentration of population in Serbia at the beginning of XXI century (Censuses 2002 and 2011). The analysis of population distribution and redistribution was performed at different levels of territorial structure of Serbia. The results indicate uneven distribution of population potentials (both in quantitative and qualitative ways) by expanding the area of extremely low and extremely high concentration. However, there remains a need for a broader scientific consideration of migration flows in order to create migration policies. Those policies are of interest to geographers because they represent attempts to manage the flow of people and to alter the geographical pattern of population distribution and characteristics.Polarizovanost u prostornoj distribuciji stanovništva Srbije danas je veoma aktuelna, jer je na većem delu teritorije Centralne Srbije i Vojvodine stanje populacionih potencijalau kvantitativnom, a naročito u kvalitativnom (strukturnom) pogledu limitirajući faktor održivog razvoja. Otuda potreba da se jasno definišu mere populacione politike prema migracijama stanovništva od lokalnog, regionalnog do nacionalnog nivoa, pre svegau cilju smanjenja dalje emigracije, a zatim i povratka stanovništva s povoljnijim demografskim strukturnim odlikama (mlađi, obrazovaniji). Neophodno je, takođe, predložiti i ravnomerniju transformaciju funkcija, kao i veličinu centralnih naseljau skladu s postojećim resursima, uz uvažavanje njihovog geografskog položaja. Preusmeravanje pravaca u razmeštaju stanovništva Srbije ka optimalnijoj distribuciji u skladu s resursima može se postići uvažavanjem savremenih teorijskih pristupa i sprovedenih politika u pojedinim državama sveta, koje su u ovoj sferi dale rezultate. S tim u vezi je neophodno organizovanje naučnih debata u cilju iznalaženja rešenja na relaciji nauka-struka-politika za najvažnije demografske izazove koji su slični onima pred kojima se nalazi najveći broj država Evrope, a čija se iskustva mogu primeniti i implementirati u osoben istorijski, kulturni i prostorni ambijent Srbije
Present and future of new regional geography in the education school's system and scientific discipline's position at the University of Belgrade
Get PDFThe classical division of space into regions has been retained in textbooks for primary and secondary schools, as well as for the universities. Regional scholars from the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography follow world geography, as well as develop a critical opinion on the role of the regions (formal and functional regions), regional geography as spatial science, regional development, regional identity, and research problematic issues related to the regions. Teaching regional geography students recognize spatial problems that burden the regions, as well as acquire education and knowledge transfer skills in new situations, develop critical thinking etc. In order to achieve this, regional geography curriculum are quantitatively and qualitatively transformed and summarized, thereby replacing the extensive factual material with a problematic approach to the study of the region. The aim of article is to determine the role of regional scholars from the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography in modern geographic research, as well as to improve the position of new regional geography, whose task is to inform the scientific and professional public with the pluralistic nature of the world and contemporary trends that link the global level and levels of regional and local communities. Scientific and practical affirmation of the region takes place from a local to a global level, as a result of the new regional development paradigm, based on the knowledge and the changes in the economy, technology, and policies emerged in the last thirty years
Urban Development Consequences on the Wetland Ecosystems Transformations-Case Study: Pancevacki Rit, Serbia
No full textThe article analyzes the consequences of one century long human influences on vegetation of the wetland ecosystem, on the example of Pancevacki Rit in Belgrade, Serbia. The autochthonous, non-altered ecosystem was formed in the alluvial plain between Danube and Timis River in the formation of connected swamps and bogs with periodically flooded patches. The major transformation of the wetland ecosystem started with the construction of the embankment and dense canal system followed by settlements development, increasing of population density, intensification of agriculture activities etc. The study area transformation factors were identified in the first phase of research, while the second phase includes analyses of their influences on habitat conversion using GIS, with the purpose to preserve fragments of indigenous wetland vegetation, mostly fragile wetland meadows from further degradation
The development of transport infrastructure and attitudes of the local population: a case study from the Republic of Serbia
No full textIn the last decades, the development of transport infrastructure has been necessary because of the population increase and expansion of urban centres. Infrastructure development leads to modification and changes in areas characterized by high human population density. The lack of adequate transport infrastructure inhibits local economic and social performance. In the period of economic stability (from 1970 to 1990), important roads that increased the connectedness of the Kolubara District (Western Serbia) with other parts of the country and the surrounding countries were built, but there is still a need for the construction of new roads. In order to examine the attitude of the local population in regard to transport infrastructure, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of closed questions. This topic is one that has not previously been examined. The data obtained were analyzed statistically and showed that local people have a positive attitude towards the existing infrastructure and towards the construction of new roads. There are statistically significant differences between the attitudes of the local population in different municipalities. The results from this research offer an opportunity to develop guidelines which can influence traffic development in these and similar areas
The influence of economic development on dynamic of commuting in Srem region, Republic of Serbia
No full textThis paper reviews the findings of the study carried out in Srem region, to establish whether non-permanent population mobility is a phenomenon of social, economic, and demographic significance for the region itself and a country as a whole. This well-known immigration area in Serbia was inhabited for centuries because of its specific economic and political reasons, and recently became one of the most important regions in the country in terms of commuting process of commuting. Very intensive absorption of commuters is the result of the economic development regarding the new investments in this region. Agrarian settlements became a base for the labor force in recent period. The aim of the paper is to highlight how commuting correlates with economic development
Pseudo-kohortni pristup u analizi mortaliteta stanovništva Srbije - primeri i problemi
Get PDFU radu se govori o analizi karakteristika pseudo-kohortnog metoda kao i o prednostima njegove primene u istraživanju mortaliteta. U odsustvu adekvatnih podataka ovaj metod omogućava jedan vid longitudinalne analize, odnosno praćenje generacijskih razlika u smrtnosti stanovništva putem podataka o mortalitetu tzv. pseudo-kohorti, veštački konstruisanoj seriji podataka, kod koje se za svaku generaciju podaci preuzimaju iz raspodele stvarnih specifičnih stopa smrtnosti tokom kalendarskih godina, a kroz koje su te kohorte praćene. Cilj rada jeste da doprinese diskusiji o drugačijim načinima upotrebe poznatih podataka vitalne statistike, ali i pre svega da pomogne u rasvetljavanju među uticaja tri osnovne komponente koje oblikuju mortalitetne trendove: uticaj starenja, uticaj perioda i kohortni uticaj. Kako je u demografskoj literaturi uticaj starenja dobro objašnjen preko krive mortaliteta, dok se uticaj različitih perioda takođe može relativno precizno pratiti i analizirati, ostaje manje jasno kako se kohortni uticaji mogu izolovati i objasniti. Stoga se u ovom radu prikazuje postupak konstrukcije pseudo-kohorti na osnovu kojih se može izraditi grafički model koji ukazuje na postojanje ili odsustvo kohortnih efekata. Prikaz kohortnih uticaja predstavlja glavni rezultat istraživanja, sa manjim osvrtom na sofisticirani statističko-matematički model starost-period-kohorta (APC) koji je još uvek u razvoju, a koji daje mogućnost merenja doprinosa ovih komponenti promeni stope mortaliteta. U okviru istraživanja praćene su specifične stope mortaliteta jedanaest generacija rođenih između 1917. i 2016. godine. Rezultati analize prikazali su postojanje pravilnosti u opadanju nivoa smrtnosti prema starosti, kao i uticaj epoha na kretanje opštih stopa smrtnosti kroz vreme, ali i postojanje razlika između samih generacija i intenziteta datih promena tokom vremena
Нови приступ политици према рађању
Get PDFРађање испод нивоа замене генерација феномен је са којим се суочава највећи број европских земаља, а у Србији је присутан више од 60 година. Једна од главних карактеристика недовољног рађања у Србији јесте и одлагање рађања у старију животну доб. Политика подстицања рађања би, поред стимулативног карактера у односу на ред рођења деце, требало да буде усмерена и на то да омогући појединицима да имају децу у ранијим годинама старости, или макар да не одлажу одлуку о родитељству. Овакав приступ формулисању политика према фертилитету у иностраној литератури познат је под називом темпо политике. Постоје различите препоруке у оквиру темпо политика, од скраћивања образовног процеса, преко ранијег поласка у школу, до препорука које се односе на промену редоследа кључних животних догађаја појединца (школовање, запослење, брак, рађање), а све у циљу заустављања даљег одлагања рађања. Како је за државу важно колико деце се рађа, тако је важно и у којој старости жена рађа. Постоји низ начина на који би старост жене могла бити укључена у систем подстицања рађања којима ће у овом раду бити посвећена посебна пажња.Уредник: Љубиша Р. Митрови
Comparing NDVI and Corine Land Cover as Tools for Improving National Forest Inventory Updates and Preventing Illegal Logging in Serbia
Get PDFNational forest inventories (NFIs) in Serbia have been carried out very rarely (every 20
years), while the last two official estimates of forest areas (for 2011 and 2014) are very
imprecise, because they are based on the cadastral data (and Serbia is well known for the
lack of cadastre updating). Although forest conservation policymakers in Serbia still have
limited financial, human, and political resources, over the past two decades, publicly
available, remotely sensed satellite data on deforestation and degradation have dramatically
reduced
evaluation
costs.
Since
municipalities
in
Southern
Serbia
experienced
a
15%
loss
of
forest
area
in
the
2006–2014
period,
as
the
obvious
result
of
forceful,
rapid
process
of
illegal
logging,
this
study
evaluates
the
possible
use
of
two
remote
sensing
techniques:
normalized
difference
vegetation
index
(NDVI)
and
CORINE
land
cover
(CLC)
databases
for
preventing
illegal
logging
in
Serbia.
It
clearly
shows
that
NDVI
is
very
promising
for
Serbia
and
also
for
other
post-socialist
countries
that
very
rarely
carry
out
national
forest
inventories
(NFIs), and where unrecorded, illegal logging can exceed the legal harvest
by a factor of 10
Sustainable landscape managemenet - the example of Regional park Murauen
No full textAustria is a rich country in natural heritage. Its natural landscapes are distinguished by an extraordinary biodiversity, hydrographic, geomorphologic and geologic objects, phenomena and processes, so they are under special regime of planning, managing and protection. Preserved nature, natural resources and regional specifics are one of the most important factors for
prosperity of Austrian province of Styria. High quality and authentic landscapes contribute not
only to development of tourism and agriculture, but also to education about environment protection, energy production from renewable sources of energy, and regional development in total. The focus of this research is Regional park Murauen – the biggest recreational zone in the immediate vicinity of the City of Graz. and one of the most famous landscapes of the whole region. The biggest hydrographic object and dominative element of the landscape is river Murauen with its coastal area rich in quality forest complexes, rare species (the most
important are reptiles and bats), and their habitats
