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Interkulturalna perspektiva škola u Srbiji
Get PDFStarting from the current role of school in preparing students for life in a socially and culturally diverse world, this paper points out the need to change the paradigm a Članak predstavlja rezultat rada na projektu "Modeli procenjivanja i strategije unapređivanja kvaliteta obrazovanja u Srbiji" (broj 179060), koje finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije. towards an open constructivist curriculum and new learning strategies in the implementation of the concept of interculturality in the school context. Special attention has been devoted to developing intercultural competences of both students and teachers starting from the changes in the school culture, constructivist, contextual and integrated approach in viewing multicultural contents and activities. The paper presents two examples of the implementation of this concept which were created within the second component of the project entitled "the Support to Human Capital Development and Research -General Education and Human Capital Development -Razvionica" in schools in Serbia. The summary provides an outline of the pedagogical measures for supporting intercultural education, including the role of developing the school culture in that process.Polazeći od savremene uloge škole u pripremanju učenika za život u soci-jalno i kulturno različitom svetu, u radu se ukazuje na potrebu menjanja para-digme ka otvorenom konstruktivističkom kurikulumu i novim strategijama učenja u uključivanju koncepta interkulturalnosti u školski kontekst. Po-sebna pažnja posvećena je izgradnji interkulturalnih kompetencija učenika, ali i nastavnika polazeći od promena u kulturi škole, konstruktivističkog, kontekstualnog i integracijskog pristupa u sagledavanju multikulturalnih sadržaja i aktivnosti. U radu smo prikazali dva primera implementacije ovog koncepta koja su nastala u okviru druge komponente projekta "Podrška razvoju ljudskog kapitala i istraživanja-Opšte obrazovanje i razvoj ljudskog kapita-la-Razvionica" u školama u Srbiji. U zaključku je dat osvrt na pedagoške me-re za podršku interkulturalnom obrazovanju i vaspitanju, uključujući i ulogu izgradnje školske kulture u tom procesu
Anthropogenic Impact on Erosion Intensity: Case Study of Rural Areas of Pirot and Dimitrovgrad Municipalities, Serbia
Get PDFIn many Eastern European countries, the standard of living increased as a result of the process of industrialization in the second half of the 20th Century. Consequently, the population in rural areas with small-scale farming decreased due to the availability of employment elsewhere. This directly impacted soil erosion (and thereby sustainability of the land), but the degree and direction are not well known. This study investigates two municipalities within Serbia, their change in population and its impact on land use changes and soil erosion. The standard of living increased after the industrialization process in the 1960s within these municipalities. The erosion potential model is used to calculate gross annual erosion. The changes related to population and arable land in rural settlements are analyzed according to proportional spatial changes. The results show an overall decrease of erosion intensity in the study area. In addition, two basic findings are derived: first, the highest level of human impact on soil is in rural settlements at the lowest elevation zones, where erosion intensity shows the least amount of decrease; and, second, the most intensive depopulation process, recorded in higher elevation zones, indicates a rapid decrease of erosion intensity
Population dynamics of rural settlements and tourism development in the Stara planina mountain area (Serbia)
Get PDFThe process of depopulation represents one of the biggest development problems
in Serbia, whereby it is particularly present in its peripheral, mountainous and rural areas,
characterized by economic underdevelopment. Given the fact that such areas often possess
preserved natural assets, development of tourism industry has been recognized by the
decision-makers as an instrument for stimulation of their socio-economic and demographic
development. The aim of this paper is to consider the potential influence of tourism on
improvement of demographic features of rural settlements, as well as to explore the human
resources constraints for tourism development in the subject area. The research
encompasses the Stara planina area in the south-eastern part of Serbia, representing not
only an example of a mountainous area with a particularly large population decline, but also
an example of a tourist destination pointed out by the state authorities as a tourism
development priority. The largest part of the area has been protected as a nature park with
numerous natural tourist attractions, as well as infrastructure for recreational activities.
Starting with the 1960s, due to industrialization in urban centres, this area has been
affected by mass rural-urban migrations, which caused depopulation, demographic
emptying and changes in vital characteristics and population structures of rural settlements,
even their spontaneous termination. The research focused on 50 rural settlements in the
area, belonging to four municipalities – Zaječar, Knjaževac, Dimitrovgrad and Pirot, whereby
22 of these settlements already possess accommodation facilities which provide services in
tourism. Demographic analysis was used to present the population dynamics of each
settlement in the period from 2002 to 2011, whereby the population census data were
utilized. In addition, as important indicators of the demographic development of
settlements, age and economic structures of the population were also considered. In less
than a decade, this area lost one third of its population, whereby negative tendencies were
observed in the majority of settlements. Elderly households are predominant in the majority
of settlements, with average age of residents being 62.8 years, posing an extremely serious
constraint for future economic activity. Regarding the economic structure, the dominance of
the primary sector was established (64.0% of residents). Joint analysis of the three utilized
indicators (total population and its age and economic structure) suggests that several
settlements have more favorable demographic features, indicating them as potential local
sources of tourism workforce in the future
Efekti regionalnog planiranja u Hrvatskoj na primeru demografskog razvoja Banije
Get PDFU Hrvatskoj je 1996. godine donet ,,Zakon o područjima posebne državne skrbi (brige)” u cilju otklanjanja posledica rata i podsticanja ravnomernijeg regionalnog razvoja. Njime je određeno područje sa specijalnim statusom i sve pogodnosti koje unutar tog područja važe. Jedan od glavnih ciljeva iniciranja ovog planskog pristupa bila je demografska obnova devastiranih prostora. Sve jedinice lokalne samouprave na Baniji su ušle u sastav pomenutog ,,posebnog područja”. U radu se razmatraju rezultati ovog regionalnog planiranja na prostoru Banije posle 20-ogodišnjeg perioda primene i dalje perspektive demografskog razvoja regije.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Danica Šantić, Miroslav Mari
Utilizarea rețelelor de senzori wireless în detectarea inundațiilor și monitorizarea poluării fluviale
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose a system for river monitoring based on wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. This system consists of sensor nodes that periodically measure several environmental parameters such as flow rate, water level, rainfall and pollution level. Each type of sensor node has two threshold values and measured data is compared with them at the end of the reporting interval. Based on the current situation in WSN and measured data velocity sensors can use three different frequencies of reporting. Simulation of river monitoring system is done using Matlab software tool and the results of river maintenance during one WSN life cycle are presented. Two possible hierarchical system architectures are considered and their performance is compared. The optimal system architecture for this WSN application is discussed based on the obtained results
Environmental risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metals in soil of Toplica region, South Serbia
No full textActivity levels of natural and artificial radionuclides and content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were investigated in 41 soil samples collected from Toplica region located in the south part of Serbia. Radioactivity was determined by gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector. The obtained mean activity concentrations +/- standard deviations of radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 were 29.9 +/- 9.4, 36.6 +/- 11.5, 492 +/- 181 and 13.4 +/- 18.7 Bq kg(-1), respectively. According to Shapiro-Wilk normality test, activity concentrations of Ra-226 and Th-232 were consistent with normal distribution. External exposure from radioactivity was estimated through dose and radiation risk assessments. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using ICP-OES, and their health risks were then determined. Enrichment by heavy metals and pollution level in soils were evaluated using the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), pollution index and pollution load index. Based on GIS approach, the spatial distribution maps of radionuclides and heavy metal contents were made. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis between radionuclide activity concentrations and heavy metal contents
Towards a new methodological framework for the delimitation of rural and urban areas: a case study of Serbia
No full textIdentification of urban and rural areas has been a widely present topic in the past decades, both in scientific research and in the policy and practice of spatial/regional development and territorial governance. The internationally accepted OECD definition does not produce appropriate results that are able to include the multidimensionality of these territories. In this context, the aim of this paper is the analysis and selection of relevant criteria and indicators of urbanity/rurality that may be significant for the establishment of a methodological framework for identifying urban and rural areas in Serbia. Multivariate analysis (PCA, FA and CA) was used to group local self-government units (LSGU) in Serbia that share similar characteristics. The research resulted in five types of areas which indicate that rural and urban areas in Serbia are very diverse in terms of physiogeographical, socio-economic and functional characteristics. The results of this paper offer a more detailed analysis based on scientifically and empirically selected indicators and can be applied in the practice of spatial and urban planning, and in the adaptation of strategic development documents at the regional or national level
GIS numerical and remote sensing analyses of forest changes in the Toplica region for the period of 1953-2013
No full textAlthough the Toplica region is situated in a forest-rich part of the Republic of Serbia, the region's four municipalities are not equally forested. Forests are an important resource for economic activities and the existence of flora and fauna, both globally and in the Republic of Serbia. Many initiatives around the world intend to protect and renew forest belts under the sponsorship of developed and developing countries (e.g. China, India, Russia, Brazil, or the G7). In this study, we reconstructed the condition of forests in the Toplica region over the last 60 years using remote sensing, topographic maps, geographical information system (GIS) analysis, and official data from cadaster books and censuses. In addition to changes in forested land, concurrent socio-economic changes have affected the distribution and density of forests. The total number of trees in the Toplica region in 2013 was determined by applying numerical GIS analyses to remote sensing data. We also reconstructed the state of forests in 1953 and used this to determine the total number of trees cut down within this period, as well as the forested areas within different parts of the region. We also determined the elevations beneath different forested zones. In addition to these qualitative and quantitative analyses, we analyzed processes with the potential to influence future forest dispersion (afforestation, deagrarianization, degradation, and deforestation). These analyses are useful in acquiring more detailed insight into the condition of forests in this part of southeastern Europe