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Assessment of ecological damage from the NATO bombing of the Republic of Serbia in 1999
Get PDFIn 1999, NATO bombed the Republic of Serbia, which inflicted irreparable environmental damage on ecosystems and habitats. The topic of this paper is the method of determining and analyzing the assessment of inflicted ecological damage. Its quantification is possible, but it requires an integrated approach, since the exact value can be estimated only on a case-by-case basis. The financial valorization of environmental damage is an open and complex issue and it implies moral and ethical parameters. The paper presents in general the assessment of ecological damage, and also the assessment of the damage inflicted on endemic and other types of habitats and ecosystems. A special emphasis is paid on the environmental damage assessment and the assessment of human health consequences that have arisen from the use of munitions with depleted uranium. The problem of determining ecological damage and its consequences for ecosystems, habitats and humans due to the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999 is particularly pointed out
Rainfall erosivity and extreme precipitation in the Netherlands
Get PDFIn order to assess the rainfall erosivity of the Netherlands, several parameters which describe distribution, concentration, and variability of precipitation were used (the annual amount of precipitation, the precipitation concentration index and the modified Fournier index), as well as eleven extreme precipitation indices (maximuml -day precipitation amount, maximum 5-day precipitation amount, simple daily intensity index, number of heavy precipitation days, number of very heavy precipitation days, number of days above 25 mm, consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, very wet days, extremely wet days, and annual total wet-day precipitation). The precipitation data for calculating the above mentioned parameters is obtained from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute for the period 1957-2016. Based on statistical analysis and the calculated values, the results have been presented with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to point out the most vulnerable parts of the Netherlands with regard to pluvial erosion. This study presents the first results of combined rainfall erosivity and extreme precipitation indices for the investigated area. Trend analysis implies a shift from being largely in the low erosivity class to being completely in the moderate erosivity class in the future, thus indicating an increase in rainfall erosivity. Furthermore, the observed precipitation extremes suggest that both the amount and the intensity of precipitation are increasing. The results of this study suggest that the climate conditions in the Netherlands are changing, and that this change might have a negative influence on the rainfall erosivity of the country
Метод топографске инвентаризација и ГСП технологија у моделовању геопростора
Get PDFBy the use of digital cartographic visualization, a wide range of relevant data can be systematically integrated, presented and analyzed. In particular, this refers to the connection between thematic and topographic maps and their application in the study of the environment. The specific purpose of the map implies that in certain situations there is no clear difference between the thematic and topographic maps, that is, there is no clear boundary between the thematic and the topographic content of the representation. The paper points to the importance of modeling geoenvironmental data (topographic and thematic) for different scientific and practical research needs. Bearing in mind the global size of orienteering, the heterogeneity of the geoenvironment in which competitions and ways of orientation are organized, it is necessary to standardize this topic at the international level. The conducted experiment of cartographic modeling in the orienteering function has examined the possibilities of application of topographic inventory methods of geoenvironment for this purpose, the importance of using GPS devices for collecting geoenvironmental data and CAD software for cartographic visualization of the issues in question.Дигиталном картографском визуелизацијом широк спектар релевантних података може се системски интегрисати, представити и анализирати. Посебно
се то односи на везу тематских и топографских карата и њихову примену при
изучавању геопростора. Специфична намена карте условљава да у одређеним
ситуацијама нема јасне разлике између тематске и топографске карте, односно,
нема јасне границе између тематског и топографског садржаја приказа. У раду се
указује на значај моделовања геопросторних података (топографских и тематских)
за различите научне и практичне потребе истраживања. Имајући у виду глобалне
размере оријентиринга, хетерогеност геопростора на коме се организују такмичења
и начине оријентисања, неопходно је стандардизовати ову тематику на међународном нивоу. Спроведеним експериментом картографског моделовања у функцији
оријентиринга, сагледане су могућности примене метода топографске инвентаризације геопростора за ову намену, значај коришћења ГПС уређаја за прикупљање
геопросторих података и CAD софтвера за картографску визуелизацију третиране
тематике
Digital topographic modelling in case with higher flood in the municipality Obrenovac
Get PDFThe town of Obrenovac is situated near the banks of three rivers, the Sava River, the Kolubara River and the Tamnava River. It looks like a modern town, though it has often developed in an unplanned manner. This causes huge problems as it thrives in a rough terrain, without a plan, which the communal infrastructure cannot follow. Today's needs in terms of spatial planning, envisaging projects and keeping track of a different kind of information on space demand that new technologies be applied since they make it possible for procuring efficient and reliable information as well as connecting and interconnecting various sorts of data. Also with advanced numerical GIS data and relief analysis we were successfully calculated consequence of the last big flood in 2014
Non-compliance of spatial plans of the highest rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFNon-compliance of spatial plans of the highest rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a significant problem which has negative consequences to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is particularly noticeable in the current debate on the route of Sarajevo-Belgrade motorway. This type of spatial plans includes spatial plans of the entities, cantons and Brčko District. This paper is an attempt to shed light on this problem by way of examining its genesis, characteristics and possible solutions. The emphasis was placed on the precise identification of the non-compliance rate of spatial plans of the highest rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The primary hypothesis states that the non-compliance rate of these documents is above 50%. The auxiliary hypothesis states that this non-compliance is the result of inadequate legal treatment of this matter and of the non-existence of policy framework in the field of spatial planning in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Digitalne kartografske publikacije - pristupi geoinformacijama za potrebe prostornog planiranja
Get PDFPotencijali digitalnih kartografskih publikacija, posebno interaktivnih, imaju veliki
značaj za prostorno planiranje. Kvalitetne i pouzdane geoinformacije jedan su od preduslova
za efikasno planiranje i uređenje prostora. Karta kao osnovni izvor geoinformacija neophodna
je pri izučavanju geoprostora. Primenom savremenih informaciono-komunikacionih
tehnologija kartografski prostor se sve više širi i postaje krajnje pragmatičan pri modelovanju
u toku reprodukcijskih, transformacijskih i publikacijskih postupaka. Informacioni kapacitet
digitalnog kartografskog prostora znatno je povećan interaktivnošću, animacijom i
uključivanjem multimedijalnih sekvenci za prikaz kompleksnosti sadržaja geoprostora.
Korisnik može pristupiti informacijama koje primarno nisu kartografski prikazane, ali su
sadržane u bazi podataka i na zadati upit može ih aktivirati i vizuelizovati prema potrebi.
Orijentisanost prema korisnicima je osnovna svrha izrade karata.
Kartografska pravila modelovanja (generalizacija, vizuelizacija i semantička harmonizacija)
potrebno je ispoštovati, kako bi se korisniku kartografska informacija prenela sadržajno tačno
i estetski zasnovano. Kartografske publikacije treba da omoguće efikasan pristup podacima
i operacijama sa podacima. Od stepena generalizacije zavisi koliko će informacija korisnik
karte dobiti o određenom području, tj. zavisi tačnost korišćenja i razumevanja sadržaja
karte. Generalizacija karte, kao aktivnost u širem kontekstu, može se definisati kao posebna
varijanta prostornog modelovanja. Generalizacija geoinformacija obuhvata: 1- generalizaciju
modela - generalizaciju baze podataka (dobijanje potrebne redukovane baze podataka iz
izvorne) i 2- kartografsku generalizaciju (proces dobijanja grafičkog proizvoda vizuelizacijom
iz baze podataka ili izvornih karata). Neophodno je pri kartografskoj generalizaciji očuvati
topografska i tematska svojstva podataka za potrebe prostorne analize.
Kompleksnost problematike planiranja i uređenja prostora zahteva obradu i prezentaciju
velike količine informacija. Savremene metode geovizuelizacije treba da omoguće
fleksibilnost aplikacija koje uključuju multidimenzionalne i multivarijantne prezentacije.
Kartografska produkcija usmerena je na upravljanje geopodacima u procesu istraživanja,
planiranja i donošenja odluka u okviru definisane oblasti prostorne problematike, kao
i na način distribucije i pristup geoprostornim podacima profesionalnom i širem krugu
zainteresovanih korisnika.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Danica Šantić, Miroslav Mari
Anthropogeographical concept of Jovan Cvijić and contemporary scientific propositions in the study of rural settlements
Get PDFAt the beginning of the 20th century, along with the scientific foundation of anthropogeography, Jovan Cvijić developed an authentic anthropogeographical concept in the study of the settlements. The synthesis of anthropogeographic knowledge of rural settlements and the setting of complex theoretical and methodological tasks in this field gave innovative results that represent a significant heritage of Serbian anthropogeography. In this paper, the authors consider some questions that many scientists did, analyzing scientific actuality of Cvijić's concept in the research of rural settlements - the importance of the traditional anthropogeographical concept in the contemporary studies of rural settlements and applicability of a wide spectrum of methodological principles of the Serbian anthropogeographical school (the method of direct observation in the field, genetic, geographic-comparative, typological method, the method of ethno-psychical profiles etc.). The analysis of the authenticity and integrity of Cvijić's theoretical and methodological principles in the anthropogeographical studies of rural settlements in the Balkan Peninsula confirms the validity of concept, methodology and indicators that were used, as well as the scientific actuality and quality of the traditional anthropogeographical concept. By introducing modern qualitative and quantitative methods, while some of the new ones are not fundamentally different from traditional ones (for example methods of factor and cluster analysis, on the one hand, and the typological and space analysis method, on the other), the traditional anthropogeographical concept has not lost its scientific importance, and great attention from different positions should be dedicated to modern research of rural settlements and rural areas.Editors: Jovana Brankov, Marija Drobnjakovi
Trend analysis of annual water discharge and sediment load in the Juzna Morava River (Serbia) during 1958-2007
No full textGlobal climate change and changes caused by human activity have had a considerable impact on river systems. Recent studies have observed different trends of water discharge and sediment transport for the largest rivers in the world. This paper deals with the trend analysis of suspended sediment load (Qs) at the most downstream hydrological station of the Juzna Morava (Mojsinje). The data, which were obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia (RHSS), included daily values of water discharge (Q) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) for the time period 1958-2007. The trend of sediment load was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, while the Pettitt test was used to establish the transition year. The results show that the average perennial suspended sediment load for the given time period was 2.47x10(6) t (160.5 t/km(2)/yr), ranging from 0.04x10(6) t (2.6 t/km(2)/yr) to 9.85x10(6) t (640.3 t/km(2)/yr). The average decrease in sediment yield was 5.15 t/km(2)/yr with high statistical significance of 0.001. Using the Pettitt test, the year of 1985 was determined as a transition year in suspended sediment load. Suspended sediment load declined by 71% in the period after 1985
Potențialul turismului educațional durabil al Parcului Național Djerdap
Get PDFStarting from the new education paradigm, which relies on constructivist and contextual approach, this paper will specify the tourism potential of the Djerdap National Park, which should develop young people’s skills for sustainable development. The main objective of this paper is to use the holistic approach, the analysis of tourism resources, their educational potential and types of educational tourism in the Djerdap National Park to emphasize the insufficiently utilized educational potential. This could help children and young people acquire knowledge, skills and develop their personality by promoting learning through experience, direct contact with the things they are learning about, research and project approach. The results of this study indicate the need to create educational programs for all ages, to improve accommodation capacities as well as educational materials, to better educate the guides on how to conduct ambient learning, project and research activities for all age groups. Emphasizing the importance of educational tourism, which could help education for sustainable development, the paper underlines the need for support from state level with promotion, activities, projects and sharing best practices
Ekological aspect of the geothermal potentials of ne Serbia
No full textThe explored area of Banat, located in NE Serbia, with its geological and geothermal characteristics, represents an area with extraordinary ecological potential. The geological structure of Banat is represented by various complexes of Neogene and Quaternary deposits. The Neogene sediments are mostly composed of sandstone, shale, marlstone, sand and gravel. Mesozoic igneous complex is represented by dacites, andesites and basalts. During Quaternary a relatively thick succession of genetically different types of sediments was deposited. Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian sand and loess and fluvial sandy-clayey alevrites, clays, sands and gravel cover the large area. Thickness and lithological composition of crust and lithosphere, as well as character, types and age of tectonic movements and magmatism decisively influence the content of radioactive elements (uranium, thorium and potassium) in the rocks. Nevertheless, the geothermal characteristics of a particular area are influenced in a significant extent by seismicity and hydrogeological properties. The small thickness of the crust and lithosphere, as a result of various geodynamic movements, during the lower and middle Miocene, classify the Pannonian Basin, and therefore the Banat area, among the most promising geothermal areas in Europe. The favorable geothermal characteristics of Banat also show high average values of geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flux