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Prostorni aspekti demografskih procesa u Srbiji
Get PDFChanges in the trends, distribution and structures of the population identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population, gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding spatial phenomena and processes like urbanization. Numerous urban geography studies researching the development of systems of settlements in former Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a singular theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in spatial and urban planning, when defining the measures directing demographic development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this theoretical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing research on the mutual influence between population development trends and spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further research on the population’s impact on the environment, directing economic development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas
Contribution to the discussion on typology of the settlements of Serbia
Get PDFRad ima za cilj formiranje metodološkog okvira za tipologiju naselja Srbije. Važeća podela naselja na gradska i ostala već duže vreme trpi kritike u naučnoj i stručnoj javnosti, kako zbog toga što neka naselja koja imaju status gradskih ne ispunjavaju ni minimum uslova u smislu broja stanovnika, diversifikovanosti privredne strukture, funkcionalnog kapaciteta itd., tako i zbog činjenice da po zvaničnoj statistici ne postoji kategorija seoskih naselja, odnosno sela. Na osnovu ispitivanja baznih indikatora vezanih za naselja: broj stanovnika, zaposleni u nepoljoprivrednim delatnostima, poljoprivredna domaćinstava i dnevni migranti, predložen je model diferenciranja naselja Srbije na gradska naselja, prigradska naselja, ruralne centre i seoska naselja. Primenom osmišljenog modela identifikovano je 190 gradskih naselja, 338 prigradskih, 51 ruralni centar i 4130 seoskih naselja na području Srbije (bez Kosova i Metohije). Adekvatna tipologija naselja olakšaće proces planiranja i upravljanja, odnosno definisanja optimalne organizacije naseljske mreže u cilju podsticanja ukupne razvijenosti Republike Srbije.The paper aims to devise a possible way of forming a methodological framework for the typology of the settlements in Serbia. Namely, since the current division of settlements into the urban and the 'rest' has suffered criticism in the scientific and professional public for a long time, due to the fact that many settlements that have urban status do not meet the minimum conditions in terms of the number of inhabitants, the diversification of the economic structure, functional capacity, etc., and due to the fact that official statistics do not recognize the category of villages, or village settlements in the network of Serbia. Based on the analysis of basic indicators related to settlements: number of inhabitants, employees in non-agricultural activities, agricultural households and daily migrants, a model of differentiation of the settlements of Serbia into urban settlements, suburban settlements, rural centers and rural settlements is proposed. The obtained results indicate a set of 190 urban settlements, 338 suburban settlements, 51 rural centers and 4130 rural settlements in the territory of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija). The contribution of work is recognized in facilitating the planning and management process, ie defining the optimal organization of the residential network in order to raise the overall level of development
Extreme Precipitation Events in Serbia: Defining the Threshold Criteria for Emergency Preparedness
Get PDFConsidering recent weather events in Serbia (especially the floods in 2014), a need has arisen for research that would help in identifying extreme weather phenomena. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the thresholds above which intense precipitation can be considered as extreme precipitation events in Serbia. In this study, we determined the frequency of precipitation occurring at an intensity above the threshold of an extreme phenomenon (1961-2015), as well as the frequency of precipitation occurring at or above the absolute daily maximum in the reference period (1961-1990). The study sample included daily rainfall observations from 28 stations from the national meteorological network in Serbia. Applying a decile method, all the stations recording precipitation above the threshold of dangerous phenomena on the same day are classified into the corresponding decile. The threshold value was determined as the average value of the extreme annual precipitation in the analyzed period. The cases that are due to the high prevalence listed in the last decile are considered extreme. The results showed that the critical number of observation points above which an event is considered extreme precipitation event is 6.21, and a warning of the danger could be ensured only in the case of neighboring stations in the network. The threshold of extreme precipitation events for the individual stations ranges up to 130 mm. The obtained results might be used to mitigate the effects of extreme precipitation events in Serbia in the future
Odgovor Republike Srbije na "migrantsku krizu" - zakoni i strategije za upravljanje miks migracionim tokovima
Get PDFThe role of the Republic of Serbia as key transit state along the Balkan migration route has started to become more complicated with the increased importance of this "formalized corridor" for irregular migration of thousands of people since 2015. The unique development of events on the route has allowed migrants to cross the territory of the Balkans within several days, which has caused an unprecedented increase of the total number of asylum seekers arriving in Europe, mainly in Germany. The official closure of the Balkan Route in March 2016 has lead to the creation of a growing number of "stranded" migrants in Serbia, whose stay has lengthened from several months to two years. The subject of this work is a short presentation of the state on the Balkan Route from 2015 until today, with a focus on key events which have lead to significant changes. The goal of the work is to illustrate the role of the Republic of Serbia in managing these flows, as well as its humanitarian response via relevant institutions, first and foremost the Working Group on Mixed Migration Flows.Uloga Republike Srbije kao ključne tranzitne države duž Balkanske migracione rute počela je da se usložnjava sa povećanjem značaja ovog "formalizovanog koridora" za iregularne migracije hiljada ljudi od 2015. godine. Jedinstveni razvoj događaja na ruti omogućio je migrantima da pređu teritoriju Balkana u roku od nekoliko dana, što je uslovilo nezapamćeno povećanje ukupnog broja azilanata koji dolaze u Evropu, uglavnom u Nemačku. Zvanično zatvaranje Balkanske rute u martu 2016. godine doveo je do stvaranja sve većeg broja ''zaglavljenih'' migranata u Srbiji, čija se dužina boravka povećala od nekoliko meseci do dve godine. Predmet ovog rada jeste kratak prikaz stanja na Balkanskoj ruti od 2015. godine do danas, uz naglasak na najvažnije događaje koji su doveli do velikih promena. Cilj rada jeste da ukaže na ulogu Republike Srbije u upravljanju ovim tokovima, kao i njen, humanitarni odgovor preko relevantnih institucija, pre svega Radne grupe za mešovite migracione tokove
Gnomonic terms in the Serbian language
Get PDFIn Serbia, as in many other European countries, there has been a widespread revival of interest in gnomonics in recent decades. An increasing number of sundials and a growing number of publications on gnomonics demonstrate the popularity of sundialling. Accordingly, it is interesting to find out which gnomonic terms are used, when they appeared and how they developed. In Serbia (and the countries formed after the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia), societies of gnomonics enthusiasts do not exist and therefore it is not reasonable to expect any concern intended to preserve gnomonic heritage or the existence of the gnomonic terminological system. This assumption has been confirmed by the analysis of publications in the field of gnomonics published in the Serbian language. Due to unfavorable historical circumstances in the Balkans, Serbian scientific terminology began to form rather late (19th century) and the first gnomonic terms appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. They were introduced in the articles of the Serbian astronomers, professors Milan Nedeljkovic (1902) and Vojislav V. Miskovic (1930/1932). However, most of these terms have not been preserved. Contemporary gnomonic terminology is multidisciplinary, and when the terms belonging to neighboring sciences are removed, a small number of gnomonic terms remains. Among them, the following four are the key ones: gnomon, gnomonic projection, sundial and gnomonics. In this paper, a modified definition of the most important term - gnomon has been proposed as well as the definitions of all other key gnomonic terms related to it
Development of urban geography
Get PDFUrban geography as a geographical discipline developed simultaneously with urbanization. Urbanization is said to be a continuous global and historical process that began to develop five thousand years ago, that is, from the emergence of the first cities. However, today, urbanization presents a broader concept. The urbanization process includes not only the emergence and development of cities, but also the complex changes in rural areas. By strengthening the urbanization of different characteristics and intensity, the content of urban geography extended and the methodology of urban geography developed
Analysis of fieldwork methodology in anthropogeographic works of Jovan Cvijić
Get PDFInterpreting the extensive and varied bibliography of Jovan Cvijić, largely in foreign languages, which apart from the text includes geographic and ethnographic map of the Balkan Peninsula, atlases, notes and drawings, it is concluded that his scientific work was versatile and complex. Cvijić's perception of space, the use of didactic principles, methods and forms of work can be categorized as actual and modern even in the present time. He was the first among the Balkan geographers who simultaneously interpreted natural, historical, sociological, ethnographic and ethno-psychological phenomena and processes. Cvijić pointed to the relationship between the geographic environment and human communities, civilizations and historical events, constantly examining their mutual conditionality. Numerous research trips in almost all regions of the Balkan Peninsula led to his interest in the culture and customs of the people. He noted that in the Balkans, there are different people by origin, religion and mentality. The result of the field research is certainly one of Cvijić's most important work - 'Anthropogeographical problems of the Balkan Peninsula'. His scientific approach has given an outstanding contribution to methodological development of geography
Environmental radioactivity with respect to geology of some Serbian spas
No full textThis study was performed in order to investigate gamma dose rates, radon exhalation rates and soil radioactivity with respect to geology. Fifteen locations in three Serbian spas were under investigation. Gamma dose rate was measured by Radex RD1503(+) monitor. GIS technology was applied for the interpretation of the results. HPGe detector was used for gamma-spectrometry determination of soil radioactivity. Radon exhalation rate was determined using RAD7 device. The correlation was examined between radon exhalation rate and Ra-226. No correlation was found between calculated effective dose from radionuclides in soil and measured ambient gamma dose rate
Benthic foraminiferal and calcareous algal biostratigraphy of the Fahliyan Formation in oil well X1, Dorood Oilfield, Persian Gulf
No full textThe Dorood oilfield is located offshore in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. It partly underlies the Kharg Island. The Neocomian Fahliyan Formation represents the high-quality reservoir in the oilfield. It includes five carbonate members: The Manifa, Middle and Upper Yamama, Khami and Lower Ratawi. The Fahliyan Formation in the studied well attains a thickness of 378.1 m and mainly consists of thin-bedded limestones. It unconformably overlies the evaporate Hith Formation and conformably underlies the Gadvan Formation. An integrated biostratigraphic (benthic foraminifera and algae) and lithostratigraphic study is presented. Paleontological studies led to the identification of 19 genera and 29 species of benthic foraminifera and 10 genera and 9 species of calcareous algae. Two biozones of Berriasian through Valanginian age have been recognized. These are Lithocodium aggregatum-Salpingoporella muehlbergii assemblage zone (Valanginian) and Pseudocyclammina lituus- Coscinoconus assemblage zone (Berriasian-Valanginian)