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Razlika u fertilitetu između žena sa i bez tercijarnog obrazovanja u Srbiji
Get PDFThis paper points to the relative importance of childlessness (childlessness effect), postponement of motherhood to later ages (age composition effect), and fertility rates conditional upon age at entry into motherhood (rates effect) in explaining overall difference in the level of fertility between women with and without tertiary education. The author estimates these indicators for three age cohorts, 45-49, 50-54, and 55-59, and thus show whether and how the relative contribution of these three effects has changed over time. The decomposition method based on the data from the Census of Population, Households and Dwellings (2011) is used in this paper. The results indicate that the difference in fertility between women with and without tertiary education is 0.35, on average for the analyzed age cohorts. Decomposition method shows that childlessness effect and age composition effect have significantly contributed with over 80% to this difference. This finding suggests that postponing of childbearing among women with tertiary education has a continuous, dominant importance in the deterministic basis of the educational differentiation of fertility. On the other side, a weaker rates effect (20-23%) is evident in all age cohorts. Reason for this is an absence of fertility recuperation among women with tertiary education (in contrary to some European countries), thus reflecting the same (not so favorable) socio-economic and institutional context of life in which all women realize reproduction.Cilj rada je da se razlika u fertilitetu između žena sa i bez tercijarnog obrazovanja u Srbiji "razloži" na tri efekta koji reflektuju odstupanja u reproduktivnom ponašanju između ove dve grupe žena. Primenjen je metod dekompozicije baziran na podacima Popisa stanovništva i domaćinstava (2011). Ovaj metod omogućava kvantifikaciju doprinosa neučestvovanja u reprodukciji, starosti pri ulasku u roditeljstvo (efekat kompozicije) i stopa fertiliteta prema starosti pri rađanju prvog deteta (efekat stopa), u objašnjavanju razlike u fertilitetu između žena sa i bez tercijarnog obrazovanja (45-49, 50-54, 55-59). Pokazalo se da efekat kompozicije i neučestvovanja u reprodukciji doprinose u zbiru čak 80% razlike u nivou rađanja između ove dve obrazovne kategorije žena. Slabiji efekat stopa odražava poprilično ujednačen model zavisnosti nivoa rađanja i starosti pri ulasku u roditeljstvo (model kvantum-tajming interakcije) kod žena svih nivoa obrazovanja
Tendencije u koncentraciji stanovništva Pomoravske oblasti
Get PDFThe paper explores spatial dynamics of the level and the intensity of the concentration of population/settlements situated in the Pomoravlje area, during the post-Second World War period, including overall conditions of the territory and evolutional aspect of its developmental tendencies. By evaluating Census data from 1948-2011, the main focus had been set on population dynamics of the settlements of the Pomoravlje area, and its dependence with regards to geographic, hypsometric and locational aspects of the territory. Considering the population dynamics of settlements in this area, the core concentrations and directions of their movement over the 63-year period were separated. The aim is to determine the degree of territorial homogeneity/heterogeneity of population distribution, using Hoover index of concentration and index of population concentration, both examining the relation between population and the area in question, and Kant index of concentration which next to those, also includes vertical differentiation. Therefore, nucleuses of population concentration as the focal points of settlements' expansion had been formed, as well as the population regression of small, underdeveloped settlements.Rad istražuje prostornu diferencijaciju nivoa i obima koncentracije stanovništva/naselja na teritoriji Pomoravske oblasti u razdoblju nakon Drugog svetskog rata u zavisnosti od karakteristika posmatrane teritorije i njenihrazvojnih tendencija. Na osnovu podataka koji pružaju popisi stanovništva od 1948. do 2011. godine sagledana je populaciona dinamika naselja Pomoravske oblasti i ukazano na njenu uslovljenost geografskim, strateškimi ukupnimosobenostimateritorije. Razmatranjem populacione dinamike naselja u ovoj oblasti, izdvojena su jezgra koncentracije i pravci njihovog kretanja u šezdesetogodišnjemperiodu. Cilj rada je utvrditi stepen ravnomernosti razmeštaja stanovništva i homogenosti/heterogenosti teritorije, pomoću indeksa koncentracije stanovništva i Huverovog indeksa koncentracije, koji problematizuju odnos između stanovništva i jedinice površine date teritorije i Kantovog indeksa koncentracije gde se ista međuzavisnost ispoljava u sadejstvu sa visinskom zonalnošću. Evidentirana su jezgra koncentracije stanovništva kao žarišta populacione ekspanzije naselja i istovremeno populaciona regresija manjih, nepovoljno pozicioniranih naselja
Compliance with social requirements for integrated local land use planning in Serbia
No full textIntegrated local land use planning (ILLUP) is promoted as one of the planning instruments in giving territorial expression to societies' goals, such as sustainable development. Similar efforts were invested in Serbia twice - during the post-WWII socialist period and during the transition towards democratic capitalism after 2000. However, our research on local land use planning as an integrated approach revealed significant inconsistencies in the practice in Serbia with the intended ILLUP. This directed the literature search and review and helped conceptualize not only process-, but also system-related social ILLUP requirements needed for employing the instrument. Apart from offering the heterarchical structure of ILLUP requirements, the paper explains its evolution and advocates calibrating the contextualization with standardization during ILLUP research
Development of Serbian cartography from the end of XVIII to the beginning of the XX century
Get PDFThis paper represents summary of development of geographical and cartographical knowledge of Serbian authors about Serbia and Balkan. Important maps in the Serbian language are presented with a brief overview of their content, context and methodology. The main directions, stages of development and the most important cartographers and cartographic works in the Serbian language from the end of the XVII century to the creation of the Yugoslav state in the first quarter of the XX century are discussed. During this period, great historical and geopolitical changes took place in the Balkan Peninsula, such as revolutions, uprisings and wars, awakening the national consciousness of the Balkan peoples and the creation of nation-states. The development of Serbian cartography and geography in this period ranged from national romanticism, through descriptive and inventorying of geographical material, to explicit and applied scientific geography and cartography, which began with the establishment of two institutions at the end of the 19th century - the Geographical Section of the Serbian Army General Staff (today the Military Geographical Institute) and the Geographic institutes at the Big School (today's Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade). The author traces the development of cartography through the evolution of content and the interpretation of the context of maps
From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination
No full textThe paper reviews the evolution of key tourism destination concepts, with the aim to emphasize the extent of changes that occurred in understanding the term ‘destination’ over the past decades. A special emphasis is placed on the concept of smart tourism destinations, since this is a recent concept that strongly relies on the systemic concept, and represents a completely different understanding of a destination, as opposed to the traditional concept. The digital revolution has led to the emergence of concept of smart destinations in which knowledge and information are accessible to all stakeholders, facilitating them to carry out continuous innovation of their activities, as much as possible. Without using digital technologies enabling adequate public–private–consumer collaboration, it is almost impossible nowadays to achieve successful market valorization of destinations’ geographical attributes
An Analysis of Problems Related to Climate Change in Serbian Planning Documents
No full textTackling the climate change represents one of the top priorities in the politics of the international community nowadays. The expected effects of climate change are complex and far-reaching; it is therefore not surprising that various global initiatives are focusing on these issues. In addition to the activities aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, the need for urgent development of systems for the adaptation to these changes has become imminent. Numerous authors emphasise the role of spatial planning in the process of adaptation to climate changes due to its integrativity and sector policies. The correlation between the adaptation to climate changes and other development issues and the necessity for a comprehensive solution are particularly challenging to spatial planning. Consequently, there is a need to change the traditional methodology of planning and develop a new one which is capable of dealing with the dynamics of climate change and which will use certain climate indicators when making decisions related to space. To determine the extent to which spatial plans consider the climate change issues, this paper uses the 3A model (Moser and Luers 2008) and analyses the Regional Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia and the Regional Spatial Plan of the Republic of Srpska based on 30 criteria sorted into 3 categories—Awareness, Analysis, Action. The results have shown that the role of spatial planning in the adaptation to climate changes is still limited, the awareness of the importance of this phenomenon is still low and that the analysed plans put forward a limited number of actions as responses to climate changes. The goal of the paper is to point out certain flaws in the current planning policies as well as to emphasise the importance of considering climate change issues in the process of spatial plan development
Urban growth and decline: the causes and consequences of urban shrinkage – case study the city of Pancevo (Serbia)
Get PDFAt the beginning of the 21st century the phenomenon of shrinking cities across Europe was widely discussed since a large number of urban areas find themselves amongst the cities losing population. The problems that Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe is facing today (declining population, internal migration from underdeveloped regions, increasingly population ageing) did not go beyond Serbia. In Serbia shrinking and outmigration has become one of the leading process, as a consequence of economic restructuring and demographic change in the last decades. The economic development the city of Pančevo is characterized by major changes during the transition process initiated with the collapse of industry and declining the number of employees. These changes led to demographic and socio-economic restructuration of population, reflecting in urban shrinkage. The paper focus is to examine the influence of economic and demographic drivers on shrinking the city of Pančevo. Thereby, the spatial distribution of different trajectories of shrinking in the period from 1991 to 2011, as well as the causes and consequences of urban shrinkage will be presented.Editors: Ivan Ratkaj, Danica Šantić, Marija Antić, Aljoša Budovi
Kontrola erozije zemljišta u funkciji smanjenja rizika od poplava u slivu reke Vrbas, Republika Srpska
No full textReka Vrbas je desna pritoka reke Save i prostire se značajnim delom na teritoriji Republike Srpske. Ceo sliv zahvata 6,7 % sliva reke Save. Dužina glavnog toka je oko 235 km1 a površina celog sliva 6.273 km2. Procenjuje se da je prosečni proticaj Vrbasa na ušću u Savu 128,0 m3s-1. Vrbas nastaje od dva vrela na Zec Planini, ogranak Vranice na 1715 m nadmorske visine, a uliva se u Savu kod Srpca na koti 90 m nadmorske visine. Prema klasifikaciji prof. S. Gavrilovića srednji godišnji koeficijent erozije za sliv Z, ima vrednost 0,23. Srednja godišnja produkcija nanosa u slivu računata je po Metodi potencijala erozije S.Gavrilovića i iznosi 723.455,63 m3god-1, a srednji godišnji pronos nanosa je 295.987,38 m3god-1 (tabela 1). Ove vrednosti pokazuju da, gledano u proseku, u slivu Vrbasa vladaju procesi slabe erozije. To međutim može da zavara jer u slivu ima dosta bujičnih podslivova pritoka Vrbasa sa erozijom jakog i ekscesivnog intenziteta. To se pogotovu odnosi na sliv Jošavke (pritoka Vrbanje) pa i na veći deo površine sliva reke Vrbanje. Reka Vrbas i njene pritoke, kao posledica prirodnih karakteristika sliva i najčešće neadekvatnog delovanja ljudskog faktora u pogledu gazdovanja zemljištem i zemljišnim prostorom, izazivaju česte poplave koje su različite po intenzitetu i površini koju zahvataju i samim tim po štetama koje izazivaju. Poplave većih površina izaziva reka Vrbas i glavne pritoke, dok su češće lokalne poplave, ali sa vrlo razornim dejstvom, koje izazivaju bujični tokovi. Odbrana od poplava u slivu Vrbasa sa ovakvim karakteristikama je vrlo složen problem i traži kompleksna rešenja. U periodu od kraja 2018. do sredine 2019. godine urađen je „Plan upravljanja rizikom od poplava za sliv rijeke Vrbas Republike Srpske“, u kojem je dat sveobuhvatni predlog upravljanja rizikom od poplava izgradnjom velikih investicionih objekata, sprovođenjem protiverozionih radova i mera za uređenje sliva i korita bujičnih tokova , kao i predlog održivog upravljanja i uređenja poljoprivrednog i šumskog zemljišta u cilju smanjenja rizika od poplava. U ovom radu se prikazuju radovi i mere za kontrolu erozije u slivu reke Vrbas na teritoriji Republike Srpske u funkciji smanjenja rizika od poplava, njihova uloga i efekti
