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Collection and Monitoring Cross-National Urban Mobility Data – Issues, Limitations and Perspectives
No full textOne of the key challenges in analyzing urban mobility, especially on a cross-national scale, lies
in the collection of high-quality and methodologically comparable data. This includes not only
transport data but also spatial, socio-economic, and environmental data necessary for a
comprehensive analysis. Comparable urban and transport data for different cities around the world
and across different time periods are rarely available. Since the pioneering work of Newman and
Kenworthy, there have been few attempts to create such a database. The main reasons for this are
inconsistent data collection methods, a lack of primary data, ambiguity in different indicators, and
varied definitions of metrics, among others. These challenges hinder the creation of a
comprehensive understanding of urban mobility, making it difficult to assess the impact of existing
policies and interventions. The problems arising from these issues include difficulties in developing
accurate and effective policy recommendations, identifying best practices, and evaluating
sustainability progress, as well as challenges in forecasting future mobility trends. This is
particularly evident in developing metropolises, which are experiencing the greatest demographic
growth, the highest urbanization rates and improvements in living standards—factors that
contribute to significant and urgent urban mobility challenges. This study aims to examine the
issues and limitations associated with cross-national urban mobility data collection and propose
strategies for improving data harmonization, methodological consistency, and the integration of
modern technologies such as big data analytics, IoT, and GIS. By addressing these challenges, the
study seeks to contribute to the development of a standardized framework that enhances global
urban mobility data collection, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions that support
sustainable urban development.Editor: Mladen Šoški
Assessment of Future Precipitation Changes in Mediterranean Climate Regions From CMIP6 Ensemble
No full textPrevious studies have indicated a large model disagreement in the future projections of precipitation changes over Mediterraneanclimate (MedClim) regions worldwide. The majority of these highly populated regions have experienced major droughts in therecent decades, raising concerns about future precipitation changes and their impacts. Here, we examine precipitation projec-tions in five MedClim regions from the CMIP6 ensemble, focusing on model consensus regarding the direction and magnitudeof future precipitation changes. Our analysis spans the period 2050–2079 relative to 1970–1999, considering two climate changescenarios (SSP2- 4.5 and SSP5-8.5) across the Mediterranean Basin (MED), California (CAL), the central coast of Chile (SAA),the Cape Province area of South Africa (SAF), and southwest Australia (AUS). The CMIP6 ensemble mean suggests that annualmean cumulative precipitation will decrease over all the regions except northern California, primarily due to a reduction inwinter precipitation, and except over the Mediterranean Basin, where the most significant decrease occurs in autumn. Modelagreement on the sign of future precipitation changes is high where the ensemble mean indicates a decrease, but lower where anincrease or no changes are projected. Additionally, consecutive dry days (CDD) are expected to increase across all regions, whilstconsecutive wet days (CWD) are expected to decrease. Maximum 1-day precipitation is projected to increase uniformly across allregions. We conclude that despite substantial improvements to the new CMIP6 generation of models, the model spread in futureprecipitation projections in MedClim regions continues to be high. Impact studies need to account for these uncertainties andconsider the whole intermodel range of projected precipitation changes
Age Model of Fertility of Roma Women in Serbia
No full textМодел репродукције ромског становништва у Србији почетком XXI века, најкраће речено, испољава знакове „закочене” транзиције фертилитета. Неки од разлога оваквог стања су перзистенција дечијих обичајних бракова, малолетничка трудноћа, ниска преваленција употребе модерне контрацепције и постојање незадовољене потребе за планирањем породице. У овом реферату ћемо детаљно, на основу кохортног и трансферзалног демографског метода, анализирати промене које су се десиле у старосном обрасцу фертилитета Ромкиња, али и покушати да идентификујемо покретаче оваквих промена. Фертилитет Ромкиња показује особине успорене транзиције модела репродукције који се карактерише јако раним отпочињањем рађања, малим интергенезичким интервалима и високим паритетом. Нажалост, овакав модел рађања као битну карактеристику носи и велики ризик за репродуктивно здравље жена, па су тако Ромкиње четрнаест пута оптерећеније адолесцентним рађањем у односу на општу популацију, троструко ређе користе модерну контрацепцију и два и по пута чешће се подвргавају намерном прекиду трудноће. Такође, интересантно је да је остварени фертилитет Ромкиња 12,5% виши од жељеног, за разлику од опште популације, где је остварени фертилитет 28% нижи од жељеног. Ромкиње које су сада у првој половини своје оптималне репродуктивне старости, вероватно ће родити 10% више деце у односу на генерацију својих мајки, уз веома сличан старосни образац рађања и повећање јаза између жељеног и оствареног броја деце. Ово јасно указује на неопходност увођења наталитетно неутралног концепта репродуктивног здравља у мере демографске политике. Чини се да једино инсистирање на очувању репродуктивног здравља и подстицање рађања у оквиру оптималне репродуктивне доби може допринети остварењу фертилитета блиском жељеном (код свих етничких и социјалних група) уз јасне индивидуалне здравствене и колективне демографске бенефите.The reproduction model of the Roma population in Serbia at the beginning of the 21st century, shows signs of a „stalled“ fertility transition. Some of the reasons for this are the persistence of arranged child marriages, pregnancy of the underaged girls, low prevalence of modern contraceptive use, and the existence of an unsatisfied need for family planning. In this article, based on the cohort and transferal demographic method, we will analyze the changes that have occurred in the age pattern of the fertility of Roma women, but we will also try to identify the drivers of such changes. Fertility of Roma women shows the characteristics of a slowed (delayed) transition of the reproduction model, which is characterized by a very early start of childbearing (38.4% of Roma women give birth to their first child before the age of 18), small birth-to-pregnancy intervals and high parity. Unfortunately, this type of reproductive pattern carries a great risk for women's reproductive health as an important characteristic, so Roma women are fourteen times more burdened by adolescent births compared to the general population, three times less likely to use modern contraception and two and a half times more likely to undergo intentional abortion. Also, it is interesting that the achieved fertility of Roma women is 12.5% higher than desired, in contrast to the general population where the achieved fertility is 28% lower than desired. Roma women who are now in the first half of their optimal reproductive age are likely to give birth to 10% more children compared to their mothers' generation, with a very similar age pattern and a widening gap between the desired and actual number of children. This clearly indicates the necessity of introducing a fertility-neutral concept of reproductive health into demographic policy measures. It seems that the only insistence on preserving reproductive health and encouraging births within the optimal reproductive age can contribute to the realization of fertility close to the desired (in all ethnic and social groups) with clear individual – health and collective – demographic benefits.Едиција: Научни скупови / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 241. Одељење друштвених наука ; књ. 59Уредници: Тибор Варади, Драгољуб Б. Ђорђевић, Драган Тодорови
Aging of the population in the border area of Serbia with Bulgaria as a factor of uneven regional development
No full textPopulation aging is a global phenomenon in many countries. The paper analyzes the causes of population aging, territorial differences in the average age of the population, and the rural/urban diversification of population aging at the level of the border area of Serbia and Bulgaria. According to the Penev criterion, settlements were ranked according to demographic age stages. The research period includes census data from 2002, 2011, and 2022. The focus of the paper is to consider the impact of population aging on various components of regional development (ecological, social, economic, cultural). The focus is on predictions of future regional development challenges if the mentioned trend continues. In this context, the problem of sustainability was pointed out through the possibility and limitations of the implementation of the goals of sustainable development due to the aging of the population.Editor: Natalija Miri
Territorialising globalisation in a post-socialist city: Differences in employment location patterns between foreign and domestic KIBS
No full textForeign investments in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) have significantly reshaped the economic and spatial structures of many post-socialist European cities. Despite this, little is known about the intraurban locational behaviour of foreign KIBS and how it differs from their domestic counterparts. This study examines the underlying factors influencing location choices of both foreign and domestic KIBS in Belgrade, a city undergoing complex post-socialist urban economic restructuring. Utilising disaggregated micro-geographic data on KIBS established from 2012 to 2019 and employing a count data model, this analysis reveals key similarities and differences in their employment locational patterns. Both domestic and foreign KIBS are drawn by the economies of localisation, the old CBD, and, to a lesser extent, main streets and commercial areas. However, distinct locational preferences are evident as domestic KIBS are more dispersed, prevalent in densely populated areas and high-status residential neighbourhoods, while foreign KIBS are primarily concentrated in New Belgrade's emerging CBD, characterised by modern commercial infrastructure and better connectivity. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of how globalisation and neoliberal urban policies shape post-socialist cities, highlighting the significant role of foreign KIBS in creating spatially distinct “global city zones” and raising questions about their local embeddedness.Supplementary material: [https://gery.gef.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1998
Supplementary data for the article: Perović, V., Čakmak, D., Jakšić, D., Milanović, M., Matić, M., Pavlović, D., Mitrović, M.,& Pavlović, P.. (2025). Development and evaluation approach of soil quality in agricultural soils: Integrated system for a more reliable delineation of homogeneous management zones. in Applied Soil Ecology Elsevier., 206, 105860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105860
No full textSupplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105860]Related to published version: [https://gery.gef.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2000
Ski Resort vs. Altitude and Latitude: Competitiveness from the Perspective of the Consumers
No full textSerbian ski resorts’ altitude and latitude are lower than in most European ski resorts. In the context of climate change and the Serbian Government’s plans to keep opening new ski resorts, this study examines the competitiveness of Serbian ski resorts in the eyes of domestic tourists, hence the justification of new developments. This research was carried out in three steps: a statistical analysis of a survey conducted among domestic tourists, an interpretation of the context based on responses to open-ended questions, and a comparison of Serbia’s most popular ski resorts with leading ski resorts in Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Italy, and France. The results showed that Serbian tourists focus on value for money, skiing, and ski infrastructure quality rather than additional activities such as cultural tours, entertainment, or wellness. In the context of international discussions on climate change impacts, environmental consequences of ski resorts, and survey results, we recommend that future strategies of ski resort operators in Serbia focus on developing and promoting complementary activities to winter sports and prioritizing the redevelopment of existing ski resorts rather than constructing new ones
Factors Influencing Orchid Species Richness in the Central Balkans: The Importance of Belowground Organ Types
No full textThe Balkan Peninsula is considered one of the most important centres of orchid diversity in Europe. However, the patterns of orchid species richness in the Central Balkans have not been sufficiently studied so far. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify the centres of orchid diversity and the factors that influence the spatial variation in orchid species richness in the Central Balkans. For the analyses, the area of the Central Balkans was divided into 10 × 10 km grid cells. The environmental variables determined for each grid cell and used in the analyses were altitude, bioclimatic variables, geological substrates and habitat types. A random forest (RF) analysis was used to identify the environmental predictors most strongly associated with species richness. In addition to the total number of taxa, orchids with three belowground organ types were analysed separately: (a) rhizomatous orchids, (b) orchids with palmately lobed and fusiform tubers (“palmate tuberous orchids”) and (c) orchids with spherical or ovoid tubers (“ovoid tuberous orchids”). In the Central Balkans, 54 orchid species and subspecies have been recorded, and the most important centres of diversity are the Tara, Zvijezda, Jadovnik and Zlatar Mountains and the Ovčar-Kablar Gorge. In general, two groups of grid cells with the largest number of orchid taxa, i.e., hotspots, stood out: (1) grid cells with a large altitudinal range and (2) grid cells occupied by gorges and ravines. The most important gradients influencing orchid species richness are specific habitat types and altitudinal ranges, while climatic factors and geological substrates are less important. The most important factors affecting the richness of total and rhizomatous orchids are altitudinal range and habitat types (Abieti-Fagenion, Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis and Pinion nigrae forests), highlighting the important role of habitat heterogeneity. The maximum altitude, percentage of Abieti-Fagenion and Vaccinio-Picetea forests and the minimum value of the mean temperature of the driest quarter are the most important factors for determining the richness of palmate tuberous orchids, whereas the percentage of xero-thermophilous habitat types (Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis, Asplenietea trichomanis and Pinion nigrae) has the greatest influence on the richness of ovoid tuberous orchids. These results confirm the hypothesis concerning the origin and development of underground organs in orchids, emphasising that palmate tuberous orchids are best adapted to cold and humid habitat conditions, whereas ovoid tuberous orchids have the ability to grow in habitats with very warm and dry conditions. This study provides a good basis for better orchid conservation planning and underlines the importance of belowground strategies as a feature of orchid life history that should be considered when studying patterns of orchid diversity.Supplementary material: [https://gery.gef.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2207
Геопросторно моделовање снежних лавина на Шар планини, Балканско полуострво
No full textSnow avalanches are among the most significant natural hazards worldwide in
high mountain areas. Mapping the spatial distribution of avalanches is one of the initial steps
in avalanche management. In this study, geospatial modeling was performed for the territory
of the Šar Mountains on a total area of 1602 km2. The first step in the research is to
collect data on past avalanche occurrences in Serbia and North Macedonia and create a database
in geographic information systems (GIS). The second step involves the application of
the SAFI–Flow-R method and the analysis of three natural and anthropogenic factors: snow
cover, terrain slope, and land use. The third step involves modeling (propagation) of avalanches
in the Flow-R 2.0 software package, and the creation of synthesis maps based on the
thickness of the triggered snow layer. Based on the law of friction and other software algorithms,
avalanche modeling was performed from the starting zone through the movement
zone to the accumulation zone. The results show that 26.6% of the area is susceptible to snow
avalanches, with a potentially triggered snow layer thickness of 50 cm. The fourth step is the
analysis and zoning of vulnerable settlements and the proposal of environmental protection
measures. The settlements susceptible to avalanches are Restelica, Brod, Mušnikovo, and
the ''Brezovica'' ski center in Serbia, while in North Macedonia, the settlements of Bozovce,
Vešala, and the ''Popova Šapka'' ski center are vulnerable. The results obtained may be useful
for decision-makers, national park managers, and mountain rescue services in Serbia and
North Macedonia in terms of adequate environmental management and adoption of protection
measures.Снежне лавине представљају један од најзначајнијих природних хазарда у високопланинским областима широм света. Израда карата просторне дистрибуције снежних лавина представља један од почетних корака у управљању снежним лавинама. У овој студији извршено је геопросторно моделовање за територију Шар планине на укупној површини од 1602 km2. Први корак у истраживању јесте прикупљање података о досадашњим појавама снежних лавина у Србији и Северној Македонији и формирање базе података у географским информационим системима (ГИС). Други корак подразумева примену SAFI–Flow-R методе и анализу три природна и антропогена фактора: снежни покривач, нагиб терена и намену земљишта. Трећи корак укључује моделовање, односно пропагацију снежних лавина у софтверском пакету Flow-R 2.0 и креирање синтезних карата на основу дебљине покренутог снежног слоја. Применом закона трења и других алгоритама у софтверу, извршено је моделовање лавина од стартне зоне, преко зоне кретања до зоне акумулације. Резултати показују да је 26.6% укупне површине угрожено лавинама, при чему је дебљина потенцијално покренутог снежног слоја 50 cm. Четврти корак представља анализу и зонирање угрожених насеља, као и предлог мера за заштиту животне средине. Угрожена насеља снежним лавинама су: Рестелица, Брод, Мушниково и ски центар ''Брезовица'' у Србији, док су у Северној Македонији рањива насеља Бозовце, Вешала и ски центар ''Попова Шапка''. Добијени резултати могу бити од користи доносиоцима одлука, управљачима националних паркова и горским службама спасавања у Србији и Северној Македонији за адекватно управљање животном средином и доношење мера заштите
Mogućnosti i ograničenja razvoja zelenih koridora na teritoriji gradskog naselja Beograd
No full textNajveći deo teritorije gradskog naselja Beograd zauzimaju građevinsko zemljište, putna i železnička infrastruktura, reke Sava i Dunav sa pritokama, privremene poljoprivredne površine, prostori rezervisani za komunalne službe i komunalna infrastruktura, zona zaštite vodoizvorišta i zelene površine. Nedovoljna pošumljenost pojedinih opština ili delova opština u granicama gradskog naselja Beograd uslovila je izradu i usvajanje velikog broja planskih i strateških dokumenata u oblasti upravljanja zelenilom kao i potencijalno formiranje zelenih koridora. Realizacija zelenih koridora za cilj ima povećanje zelenih površina kao faktor stvaranja kvalitetnijih uslova za život u gradu (smanjenje gradskog ostrva toplote, prečišćavanje vazduha, prostori za korišćenje lokalnog stanovništva), ali i za zaštitu biodiverziteta, puteva migracija životinja i sl. Predmet rada je analiza zelenih koridora na teritoriji gradskog naselja Beograd i analiza uzročnih posledica nedostatka planske dokumentacije i izostanka realizacije postojećih planskih dokumenata, kao i analiza preambicioznih rešenja. Zadatak je utvrditi mogućnosti i ograničenja razvoja zelenih koridora kroz analizu planske dokumentacije i utvrđivanje trenutnog stanja terenskim istraživanjem. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje smernica i predloga za kvalitetnije upravljanje zelenim koridorima u realnim i precizno definisanim okvirima razvoja Beograda.Urednici: Dejan Filipović, Velimir Šećerov, Dušan Ristić, Marina Ili