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Detecting Serbia’s Settlement Patterns: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach to Rural–Urban Area Delimitation for Spatial Planning
No full textOver the past decades, numerous studies have attempted to capture the heterogeneity of rural areas from different perspectives. Meanwhile, rural areas have undergone various changes, primarily due to urban pressure. Rejecting a dichotomous approach, the majority of studies focus exclusively on the analysis of either rural or urban areas, attempting to demonstrate their diversity and propose a method for their delimitation. This study maps rural and urban areas in Serbia. We present an approach for rural–urban area delimitation that integrates a comprehensive, multidimensional approach based on fuzzy logic. Conducted on a settlement level, this applied approach highly recognizes different settlement types ranging from rural to urban. Based on selected variables and employing a fuzzy inference system, we extract different distinctive settlement features varying from urban (0) to rural (1). The results demonstrate the nuanced classification of settlements varying from completely rural to urban. In addition, such an approach detects settlements that have functional significance in the settlement system. Therefore, it is possible to identify different forms of rural and urban areas (from the rural periphery to metropolitan areas). This method offers a framework that could be used in urban and spatial research and planning and defining rural/urban development strategies and policies. This study provides valuable insights into prioritized areas for planning strategies and support toward mitigating village loss and improving urban and rural sustainability. Our findings can contribute to future functional settlement zoning in Serbia, or the monitoring of planning decisions on different territorial levels
Spatial and temporal variations of aridity-humidity indices in Montenegro
No full textHydroclimate in Montenegro has large seasonal variation and is prone to water shortages despite high annual precipitation totals. With unfavorable seasonal distribution of precipitation, as well as a low precipitation efficiency for limestone in ground surface, aridity often causes problems in water supply and agriculture. Moreover, recent changes in climate trends exacerbated seasonal droughts and wildfires with serious effects on the economy and environment. Previous studies mainly examined the magnitude and duration of precipitation deficit with respect to the long-term climatology thus enabling identification of different types of drought. For a better characterization of drought in this article, we examine the spatial pattern and trend in aridity in Montenegro from 1961 until 2020 as well as in the first and second half of this period. We use temperature and precipitation observational records from 18 weather stations to calculate three aridity (climate) indices: the De Martonne aridity index (IDM), the Lang’s rain factor (RF), and the Pinna combinative index (IP). We also examine Aridity Index (AI), by using ERA5-Land precipitation dataset, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) at 0.05 km spatial resolution. On an annual scale, all indices show a humid to extreme humid climate in Montenegro. At the seasonal level, winter, autumn and spring seasons exhibit very humid to extremely humid conditions, while summer shows semi-arid conditions mainly in the coastal parts of Montenegro, and neighboring inland. Period from September to April characterizes humid climate; May reveals less humid conditions, while June belongs to Mediterranean climates. July and August exhibit semi-arid conditions. Trends in IDM show growing aridity in April and August in the last six decades. Although growing aridity in April has been confirmed for the last three decades, both trends in IDM and AI show growing humidity in January and June
Thermal assessments at local and micro scales during hot summer days: a case study of Belgrade (Serbia)
Get PDFIncreasing thermal risk in cities is endangering the health and well-being of urban population and is driven by climate change and intensive urbanization. Therefore, if we plan to enlarge the capacities of cities to be more climate resilient in the 21st century, more detailed monitoring of urban climate on local and micro scales is needed. For this research we performed two microclimate measurement campaigns in urban area of Belgrade, during hot summer days in 2021. In total, five measurement sites were chosen in different urban designs and different local climate zones (LCZs). For thermal monitoring (air temperature – Ta and globe temperature – Tg) the Kestrel heat stress tracker sensor with 1-min measurement resolution was used, but we used 10-min average values. Obtained results showed distinct thermal differences (up to 7 °C on average) between densely built-up areas and green areas. Differences between built-up LCZs are lower with values from 2 to 4 °C. Important part of this research was microclimate monitoring on sites within the same LCZ (intra-LCZ variability). Results showed that shadows and short- and
longwave radiation play a paramount role in thermal variability. Direct and reflected radiations on one measurement site increased Ta up to 6 °C and Tg up to 12 °C when compared to other measurement site (in a similar urban design), which was in the shadow
An Overview of Environmental Impact of the Long-Term Mining, Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates in Urban Air and Remediation Proposals
No full textThe long-term operation of formerly the most important mining area in Europe, the “Trepča” facilities (Pb-Zn mine, Pb flotation and smelter, chemical industry, battery factory, Zn metallurgy), led to significant pollution of the urban environment of the nearest town Kosovska Mitrovica. Besides known chemical pollution due to mining processes, there is a radiological impact due to radionuclides present in air, soil and water. Preliminary, it can be established by the measurements of ambient gamma dose rates in air in urban, suburb and industrial parts of study area. About 39 locations were subjected to measurements of ambient dose equivalent rates by Geiger counter Radex model RD1503+, and spatial distribution maps were made based on GIS (Geographic Information System) methodology. The wide range of results (0.07–0.33 μSv/h) was discussed regarding a few aspects including influences of geology, mining and urban features. A long-term mining left serious consequences on environment and negative effects on health. Some solutions for remediation and reuse of abandoned landfills were proposed for a healthier future.Part of the book series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (NAPSC
Urban space as a democratic space: an analysis of the 2022 Pride parade media coverage in Belgrade and Sarajevo
No full textIn post-conflict societies internal demarcation is based on tradition, religion, and heterosexual family values and within this frame sexual citizenship is considered “as ideology” and as a threat to society imposed from outside. At the same time the influence and importance of international norms and changes in the standard of international politics and the emerging culture of human rights cause conflict between inside and outside, national sovereignty and universal human rights. This conflict is not specific only to stabilocracy and hybrid systems, but the omnipresent illogicality of a closed system of citizenship. Following the Butler’s observation that “conjuncture of street and media constitutes a very contemporary version of the public sphere” (2011: 9), media textual and visual reports about Pride Parade in Belgrade and Sarajevo were analysed. In the analysis focus is on the borders of citizenship within the patriarchal matrix of nation-state confronted with the present bodies on the streets. The analysed textual and visual media reports confirm a hierarchisation of urban public space formed by national history and its material structures
Universal Snow Avalanche Modeling Index Based on SAFI–Flow-R Approach in Poorly-Gauged Regions
No full textMost high-mountain regions worldwide are susceptible to snow avalanches during the winter or all year round. In this study, a Universal Snow Avalanche Modeling Index is developed, suitable for determining avalanche hazard in mountain regions. The first step in the research is the collection of data in the field and their processing in geographic information systems and remote sensing. In the period 2023–2024, avalanches were mapped in the field, and later, avalanches as points in geographic information systems (GIS) were overlapped with the dominant natural conditions in the study area. The second step involves determining the main criteria (snow cover, terrain slope, and land use) and evaluating the values to obtain the Snow Avalanche Formation Index (SAFI). Thresholds obtained through field research and the formation of avalanche inventory were used to develop the SAFI index. The index is applied with the aim of identifying locations susceptible to avalanche formation (source areas). The values used for the calculation include Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI > 0.6), terrain slope (20–60°) and land use (pastures, meadows). The third step presents the analysis of SAFI locations with meteorological conditions (winter precipitation and winter air temperature). The fourth step is the modeling of the propagation (simulation) of other parts of the snow avalanche in the Flow-R software 2.0. The results show that 282.9 km2 of the study area (Šar Mountains, Serbia) is susceptible to snow avalanches, with the thickness of the potentially triggered layer being 50 cm. With a 5 m thick snowpack, 299.9 km2 would be susceptible. The validation using the ROC-AUC method confirms a very high predictive power (0.94). The SAFI–Flow-R approach offers snow avalanche modeling for which no avalanche inventory is available, representing an advance for all mountain areas where historical data do not exist. The results of the study can be used for land use planning, zoning vulnerable areas, and adopting adequate environmental protection measures
Анализа националне структуре становништва Србије – о чему сведоче подаци новог пописа 2022. године?
No full textСрбија представља вишенационални, етнички хетероген простор који се одликује специфичним етнодемографским развитком различитих етничких заједница. Попис се и данас карактерише као најсвеобухватнији извор података о етничкој, верској и језичкој припадности становништва. Најновији Попис становништва из 2022. године забележио је 44 различита модалитета националне припадности. Поред Срба, који представљају већинско становништво са уделом од 80,64%, најбројнији су Мађари који чине 2,77% становништва, Бошњаци са уделом од 2,31%, док су Роми заступљени са 1,98% у укупном становништву. Осим испољеног неравномерног и диференцијалног демографског развитка различитих националних заједница, на националну структуру становништва Србије значајан утицај су имали и многи недемографски фактори и методолошке промене у Попису становништва. Циљ рада је извршити анализу актуелних карактеристика становништва Србије према националној, верској и језичкој припадности и увидети различит утицај диференцијалних фактора на етнички диверзитет Србије.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Edukativni turizam kao osnov povezivanja Srbije i Severne Makedonije
No full textEdukativni turizam predstavlja selektivan oblik tematskog turizma i obuhvata putovanja u cilju sticanja znanja, razvoja sposobnosti i usavršavanja veština. Važno je istaći da je to turistička aktivnost u kojoj je edukacija primarni motiv za boravak na destinaciji. Programi studentske razmene i studijska putovanja u različitom i novom okruženju imaju tradiciju kroz mnogobrojne međunarodne prakse. Jedna od njih se odvija između Srbije i Severne Makedonije i ona studentima pruža više mogućnosti za privremeno akademsko i profesionalno usavršavanje u inostranstvu kroz različite vidove akademske mobilnosti. Savremeni programi razmene podrazumevaju da tokom programa studenti imaju priliku da žive u drugoj državi, kraći ili duži period i da se na taj način upoznaju sa geografskim, kulturnim i socio-ekonomskim obeležjima. Erasmus+ program između Srbije i Severne Makedonije pruža mogućnost pojedincima za profesionalni razvoj i promenu životnog okruženja, priliku za učenje stranog jezika, upoznavanje novih kultura, povećanje samopouzdanja, otvaranje novih horizonta, razvoj akademskih veština, kao i mogućnost brojnih putovanja.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Urban changes and security in the border cities and municipalities of Serbia
No full textTransformacija urbanih zona sa sobom povlači brojne promene. Jedna od njih je bezbednost stanovništva, koja je u savremeno doba izazov na globalnom nivou, kako u gradovima zemalja u razvoju, tako i u gradovima razvijenih i uređenih država. Na nju utiču brojni urbani procesi i promene: naglo doseljavanje i odseljavanje stanovništva, migracije stanovništva unutar opština, nivo ekonomskog razvoja grada, strukture stanovništva (nivo obrazovanosti, stepen zaposlenosti), kao i način upravljanja urbanim zonama i suočavanje sa devijantnim oblicima ponašanja. Cilj ovog rada je dovođenje u vezu urbanih promena sa bezbednošću u pograničnoj oblasti Srbije. Zadatak rada je da se utvrdi teritorijalna distribucija bezbednosti u pograničnoj oblasti Srbije u zavisnosti od brojnih relevantnih pokazatelja urbanih promena kao što su: broj stanovnika, prosečna starost stanovnika, procenat stanovništva sa tercijarnim obrazovanjem i procenat urbanog stanovništva po opštinama. Kriterijum za utvrđivanje bezbednosti su statistički podaci o pravosnažno osuđenim punoletnim i maloletnim licima. Ovi parametri su podeljeni na krivična dela protiv života i tela, imovine, zdravlja ljudi, bezbednosti javnog saobraćaja i pravnog saobraćaja u slučaju punoletnih izvršioca krivičnih dela. U slučaju maloletnih izvršioca krivičnih dela, ona su podeljena na krivična dela protiv tela i života i krivična dela protiv imovine. Baza podataka je formirana na osnovu podataka objedinjenih iz publikacija Opštine i regioni u Republici Srbiji. U cilju relevantnosti datih podataka u radu je izvršena korekcija vrednosti u skladu sa brojem stanovnika pojedinačnih opština i gradova. Statistički podaci su prikazani za 2011. i 2022. godinu. Na osnovu korelacije između odabranih indikatora urbanih promena i podataka o broju osuđenih lica predočena je regionalna distribucija bezbednosnih uslova u pograničnoj zoni Srbije.The transformation of urban areas entails numerous changes. One of them is the safety of the population, which in modern times is a challenge on a global level, both in the cities of developing countries and in the cities of developed and regulated countries. It is affected by numerous urban processes and changes: sudden immigration and emigration of the population, migration of the population within municipalities, the level of economic development of the city, the structure of the population (level of education, level of employment), as well as the way of managing urban areas and dealing with deviant forms of behavior. This paper aims to link urban changes with security in the border area of Serbia. The task of the work is to determine the territorial distribution of security in the border area of Serbia depending on numerous relevant indicators of urban changes such as population, average age of the population, percentage of population with tertiary education, and percentage of urban population by municipality. The criterion for determining security is statistical data on legally convicted adults and minors. These parameters are divided into crimes against life and limb, property, human health, public traffic safety, and legal traffic in the case of adult offenders. In the case of juvenile offenders, they are divided into crimes against body and life and crimes against property. The database was formed based on data collected from publications of Municipalities and regions in the Republic of Serbia. To ensure the relevance of the given data, the value was corrected by the number of inhabitants of individual municipalities and cities. Statistical data are presented for 2011 and 2022. Based on the correlation between selected indicators of urban changes and data on the number of convicted persons, the regional distribution of security conditions in the border zone of Serbia is presented.Urednici: Jelena Marić, Jana Markovi