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Примена савремених технологија у истраживању флувио-денудационог процеса
No full textСавремена истраживања флувио-денудационог процеса одржавају корак са бројним технолошким иновацијама које омогућавају прецизна теренска истраживања и поуздану квантификацију интензитета различитих природних процеса. Захваљујући поузданим мерењима и анализама физички географи поседују могућност одређивања интензитета денудације, утврђивања промене морфологије речног корита и насталих последица, батиметријских снимања, одређивања биланса речног наноса, итд. Претходних 15-ак година, развојем лако доступних беспилотних система за снимање из ваздуха, реализована су бројна прецизна аерофотограметријска снимања Земљине површине која су унапредила квантификацију интензитета геоморфолошких процеса и олакшала теренска истраживања у области физичке географије. На оснву тога дошло се до довољно егзактних чињеница, на основу којих су остварени потпуно нови резултати и научни искораци о узроцима и интензитету различитих природних процеса, али и моделовање и сценарији будућих стања. Резултати савремених геоморфолошких истраживања налазе примену у свим сегментима савременог друштва и представљају веома значајан и незаобилазан еталон за комплексну анализу рецентних природних услова, планирање и уређење простора, а посебно у области заштите и очувања земљишних и водних ресурса. Кроз неколико различитих примера из праксе којима су обухваћени сливови Колубаре и Јужне Мораве у Србији, Куклица у Северној Македонији, реке Босне и акумулације Дренова у Републици Српској, приказане су најновије технике геоморфолошких истраживања, као и добијени резултати.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
The City as a Stage: Runaway International Street Art Festival
No full textAs the largest man-made artefact, the city has a profound impact on consciousness. We start from the premise that public space serves as a stage within the urban arena where conflicts between different interests and cultures unfold. What transforms the arena into a stage for urban culture are self-aware and liberated individuals who form the backbone of urbanity. This paper aims to show how street art festivals transform the city into a stage. The first part introduces the city as a stage and examines the role of festivals in cultural revitalization. The second part discusses the importance of street art for the city. The third part focuses on a case study of the Runaway International Street Art Festival. Finally, the significance and meaning of public space as a site of socially engaged art is considered from the perspective of both the artists and the local population
Causes of flooding and measures to mitigate the consequences - case study of Rakovica municipality (Belgrade, Serbia)
No full textThe subject of research is the flood potential in the municipality of Rakovica, with emphasis on the Topcider river and its tributaries. The task of the research is to determine the flooding regime of the Topcider River and its tributaries through the analysis of natural and anthropogenic causes of flooding. The task is to analyze the monitoring results of the Topcider river due to poor water quality. The goal of the research is to offer proposals for anti-flooding measures. The features of the relief, terrain slope, hypsometry, hydrographic network, and spatial distribution of clay were analyzed. The paper covers the measures taken to regulate the flow of the Topcider River and its tributaries, which had an impact on the reduction of floods. However, additional scientific research and financial investment are necessary to ensure anti-flood measures. Based on hydrological yearbooks for the period 2010–2021, the flow at the measuring station Rakovica (Topcider Reka) is shown graphically. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the data was analyzed and cartographically displayed. The paper includes the monitoring of the Topcider river from 2008 to 2022 with the aim of showing the poor state of water quality as a result of the lack of communal infrastructure and a large number of “wild” landfills, which increases the risk of soil pollution and the spread of infectious diseases during flooding
Insights into Land-Use and Demographical Changes: Runoff and Erosion Modifications in the Highlands of Serbia
No full textThis research investigates the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) and demographical
changes on runoff and erosion processes in the watersheds of border highlands in Serbia. It provides an interdisciplinary approach, linking demography (human geography) with physical geography (hydrology and geomorphology). (A) A predominant decrease in curve number (CN), a key hydrological indicator, is recorded in more than 20 watersheds in Eastern and Southeastern Serbia, largely due to continuous depopulation and abandonment of arable land over recent decades. In contrast, minor CN changes are dominant in over 10 watersheds in Western and Southwestern Serbia. (B) Through cluster analysis, four regions are spatially delineated by changes in four key indicators: runoff, soil erosion, agricultural land use, and rural population. Soil erosion change is correlated with the deagrarianisation and depopulation processes at a significance of p < 0.0001 with r = 0.580 and r = 0.629, respectively. The border watersheds are being studied for the first time using a complex approach that analyses the relationships between changes in demography, land use, surface runoff, and soil erosion. The study results contribute to a better understanding of sustainable land management and risk management in the hilly and mountainous border regions, which are particularly vulnerable to torrential flooding and soil erosion
Просторна диференцијација интензитета ерозије земљишта према доминантним географским факторима у општини Рековац
No full textОдређивање степена угрожености ерозијом земљишта на неком простору, као и идентификација основних узрока просторно-временске варијабилности овог процеса је један од кључних задатака савремене географије и наукe о животној средини. Основни циљеви овог истраживања су: 1) квантификација ерозије земљишта у насељима општине Рековац; 2) мултиваријантна анализа изабраних географских фактора; 3) просторна диференцијација насеља према најдоминантнијим географским факторима. Модел потенцијала ерозије (метод Гавриловић С.) је примењен за идентификацију ерозије земљишта 2012. године. Просторна диференцијација интензитета ерозије земљишта у општини је извршена применом Анализе главних компоненти – PCA, на основу 18 изабраних географских индикатора. Процена подобности података за PCA је показала да је анализа оправдана пошто је КМО=0,741 и p=0,05. У општини Рековац просечан коефицијент ерозије је Z=0,355. Креће се у распону од Z=0,147 до Z=0,550. Специфична продукција наноса износи Ws =595 m3/km2/god. Креће се у распону од Ws =158 m3/ km2/god. до Ws =1039 m3/km2/god. На интензитет ерозије земљишта у насељима општине Рековац највећи утицај имају физичко географски фактори (стенски комплекс неогених седимената, морфометријске карактеристике, шумски покривач), промене у начину коришћења земљишта, и демографски фактори (густина насељености, индекс виталности, просечна старост, удео старог становништва, промена величине домаћинства).Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Long-term remote sensing-based methods for monitoring air pollution and cloud cover in the Balkan countries
No full textThe use of remote sensing and GIS methodology has accelerated the processing of data on pollution, but has also raised a question about the accuracy of the same. The research focuses on four main air pollutants (CO, NO, SO2, O3), the data on which were obtained from satellite images of Landsat 8 and Landsat 9, for the period 2000-2020. The data on relative cloudiness were obtained from the database CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas) for the period 1980-2010. All the data were further processed and analyzed through the procedures of numerical GIS analysis, multi-criteria analysis, supervised and unsupervised satellite classification, and pixel analysis. The results of the analysis of cloud cover in the Balkan region showed that the month with the highest cloud cover in this period was February, with the maximum of (93.18%), whereas the lowest cloud cover was in July (0.19%). The analyzed period (2000 2010) was in the middle range for the pollutants NO and SO2 and in the lower range for CO; O3. In the period 2010-2020, there were high concentrations of NO, SO2, and CO and low concentrations of O3. The most polluted cities in the last twenty years are Ordu (Turkey), Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Bor (Serbia). Finally, two most extreme air pollutants in the territory of Balkan countries were SO2 and NO (2000-2020)
Demographic tendencies in the Serbia-Croatia border region: А case study of the Zapadnobačka and Osiječko-baranjska region
No full textDemographic trends are a current topic today, because a large part of the European continent, and therefore the post-Yugoslav countries, are characterized by processes of depopulation, senility, and significant emigration. The border areas of the states, which are located outside the main economic streams in the country, are particularly at risk and are rapidly becoming depopulated. The paper focuses on studying the demographic characteristics of the border area of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Croatia. The analysis was carried out at the level of NUTS 3 (Zapadnobačka oblast in the Republic of Serbia and Osiječko-baranjska županija in the Republic of Croatia) to observe the similarities and differences in the demographic characteristics of the mentioned territory. Census data from both countries were used (Croatia – 2011 and 2021; Serbia – 2011 and 2022). One of the priorities of the work is to determine the trend of population movement in the border area of one country that is a member of the European Union (the Republic of Croatia since 2013) and another, neighbouring country, which is a candidate for membership (the Republic of Serbia since 2012). The following were considered: the change in the number of inhabitants, the average age of the population, the rates of birth, mortality, and natural increase, the rates of emigration, immigration, and migration balance, the age-sex structure of the population, to more meaningfully understand the demographic tendencies of this border area and give predictions for the future. The results of the research show that between 2011 and 2022, the Zapadnobačka oblast lost 33,596 inhabitants, i.e. 17.86%, while Osiječko-baranjska županija lost 47,006 inhabitants in the period from 2011 to 2021, i.e. 15.41%. Such data were influenced by the decline in fertility, negative natural growth, and the migration balance. Bearing this in mind, the paper proposes measures that can improve the demographic picture of the studied area, and they concern cross-border cooperation between the two countries and the application of good practice solutions implemented by countries facing the same problems.Editors: Ivan Marinković, Marko Galja
Ethnic changes and challenges of preserving the regional identity of the Severnobačka region
No full textDue to their location, border areas are often multi-ethnic. Numerous national minorities intertwine in them as a result of the long-term historical process of population settlement and migration, as well as political-territorial changes. Regional identities in border areas of states are manifested through the establishment of cross-border cooperation in the field of trade exchange, planning and construction of infrastructure facilities, tourism through the implementation of programs for the protection and management of natural and anthropogenic tourist values and daily migrations (pupils, students, employees). This paper aims to present the ethnic mosaic of the Severnobačka region in the context of presenting its regional identity as a reflection of the interweaving of the culture of national minorities. The paper presents the transformation of the ethnic structure of the population in the Severnobačka region, under the influence of contemporary demographic processes and political events in Serbia and neighbouring countries (conflicts in the territory of the former SFR Yugoslavia and the accession of Hungary and Croatia to the European Union). By applying the correlation method, key demographic changes were identified (fall in the total fertility rate, negative natural increase, negative migration balance), which were reflected in the ethnic composition of the population. A special motive of this research is the process of intensification of emigration of the population in the 21st century, especially those with dual citizenship, especially those countries that are members of the European Union. According to the results of the 2022 census, for the first time in Subotica the Serbian population is dominant, while at the level of the Severnobačka region, the ethnic structure is dominated by the Hungarian population. The tendency to decrease the numerical and percentage share of the most numerous national minorities (Hungarian and Croatian population) is especially pronounced in the 21st century. This is largely reflected in the changes in numerous features in this area: the linguistic and confessional structure of the population, traditions, cultural homogenization, and the gradual loss of the identity of those communities. The idea is to consider a key question: Will the Severnobačka region preserve its multicultural character or is it on the way to ethnic homogenization?Editors: Ivan Marinković, Marko Galja
Determinants influencing tourists’ willingness to visit Türkiye – Impact of earthquake hazards on Serbian visitors’ preferences
No full textEarthquakes are a rather complex natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented, and their effects can be catastrophic and have profound implications on various economic sectors (especially tourism). This study investigates the relationships between subjective factors (gender, age, education, previous experience, and disaster anxiety), the perceived travel risk, and the travel intention of tourists from Serbia to destinations in Türkiye. The pilot study was done in March 2023 with 110 respondents from the Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Tourism, and Hotel Management, Novi Sad. After the validation of the instruments, the main survey was conducted in the period from March to June 2023. The subjects of interest were residents of Serbia over the age of 18. The data from this study are analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis and path analyses. This study aims to enhance the understanding of perceived risk and travel intention, specifically focusing on Türkiye. The assessed outcome relates to how tourists perceive three specific categories of risk when traveling to destinations with a high risk of natural disasters, such as earthquake-prone areas. The findings suggest that older respondents tend to perceive lower physical and financial travel risks, even though the influence of age on the perception of socio-psychological risks was inconclusive. Further results reveal that individuals with prior experience tend to hold a heightened perception of physical, financial, and socio-psychological risks. An examination of the relationship between disaster anxiety and perceived travel risks indicates that physical, financial, and socio-psychological risks exert a negative influence on travel intention. Thus, this study may provide a conceptual foundation for both theoretical and practical implications for the improvement of risk management techniques at a specific travel destination in areas prone to earthquake hazards
Demografski problemi regionalnog razvoja Pirotske i Jablaničke oblasti
No full textDemografski faktori imaju ključnu ulogu u celokupnom razvoju određenog regiona. Teritorija istraživanja ovog rada obuhvata Pirotsku i Jablaničku oblast, a vremenski okvir dvodecenijski period (od popisa stanovništva 2002. do popisa stanovništva 2022. godine). Cilj rada je identifikovanje demografskih problema i izdvajanje područja, u okviru proučavanog prostora, gde je depopulacija najizraženija. Na osnovu indeksa demografske depresije, izvršen je regionalni raspored najugroženijih delova Pirotske i Jablaničke oblasti. Primenom istog pokazatelja urađena je komparativna analiza sličnosti i razlika u demografskim osobenostima ove dve oblasti. Pored navedenog, zadatak rada je razmatranje mogućnosti povezivanja lokalnih samouprava, održivo korišćenje prirodnih i kulturnih vrednosti u funkciji najpre lokalnog, a zatim i regionalnog razvoja pomenutog dela Srbije, kao i sveobuhvatna ekonomska obnova. Poseban akcenat je na izdvajanju i predlaganju rešenja kako bi se trenutno nepovoljni demografski trendovi najpre ublažili, a zatim merama populacione politike i putem saradnje različitih sektora i nivoa vlasti izvršila njihova revitalizacija.Urednici: Marko Joksimović, Branko Proti