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Populaciona dinamika u kontekstu izazova životne sredine u Srbiji-dosadašnja istraživanja
No full textStanovništvo i životna sredina su dva centralna resursa, i njihova zajednička održivost je visoko pozicionirana u savremenim naučnim i javnim debatama. Cilj rada jeste da pruži pregled i osvrt na dosadašnja istraživanja o uticajima izazova životne sredine na populacionu dinamiku, što ustvari predstavlja rezultat početne istraživačke faze projekta POPENVIROS fi nansiranog od strane Fonda za nauku Republike Srbije u okviru programa Prizma. Rad je koncipiran tako da daje sistematičan pregled literature koja tretira uticaje životne sredine na tri komponente populacione dinamike: fertilitet, mortalitet i migracije. Srbija je zemlja izuzetno nepovoljnih demografskih trendova i brojnih izazova životne sredine, sa jedne strane, ali je neksus populaciona dinamika-životna sredina nedovoljno ispitan, sa druge strane. Imajući u vidu nepostojanje naučnih studija na ovu temu u Srbiji, analizirana i sistematizovana postojeća znanja, biće korisna za adekvatno koncipiranje i realizaciju narednih istraživačkih faza na projektu POPENVIROS.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Промене у начину коришћења земљишта као последица регионалног развоја на примеру осовине развоја Београд – Нови Сад
No full textУ раду су анализирани процеси и интензитет промена у начину коришћења земљишта као последица регионалног развоја у источном делу Срема. Регионална осовина развоја Београд – Нови Сад представља једну од најдинамичнијих регионалних целина у Србији. Интензиван социо-економски развој, изражен пре свега кроз отварање индустријских зона, последица је географског положаја дуж саобраћајног коридора и близина два највећа регионална центра у Србији – Београд и Нови Сад. У раду је анализиран простор четири општине: Инђија, Стара Пазова, Земун и Сурчин. Циљ рада је да се утврде промене у структури коришћења земљишта, њихов интензитет као и узроци социо-економских промена у проучаваном простору. Користећи CORINE land cover базу података, из помоћ индекса развоја предела извршена је територијална, али и хронолошка анализа проучаваног простора (за период 1990–2018. године). Такође, анализирани су подаци о запослености становништва за сваку од наведених општина. С обзиром да је проучавани простор и један од пољопривредно најважнијих рејона у Србији, јавља се и конфликт у начину коришћења земљишта.Уредници: Велимир Шећеров, Иван Раткај, Даница Шанти
Razvoj nuklearne energetike u evropskoj uniji i geografske determinante planiranja lokacije nuklearne energetske infrastrukture u Srbiji
No full textDanas kada je tradicionalna energetika ušla u fazu “ekološkog kočenja” i dekarbonizacije energetskih tehnologija, dolazi do tranzicije obnovljivih izvora i “nuklearne renesanse”. U vezi s tim i u Srbiji se pojavljuje “nuklearna dilema”. Posle pitanja da li graditi nuklearku, pitanje lokacije - gde graditi nuklearku, jedno je od najznačajnijih kada je reč o njenom uklapanju u fi zičko okruženje i socijalnu sredinu, i kao takvo spada u krug interesovanja prostornih planera. Planiranje izbora lokacije nuklearne elektrane zahteva svestrano naučno istraživanje pojedinih aspekata i kriterijuma (ekonomskih, tehničkih, ekoloških i drugih). Svrha takvih istraživanja je da identifi kuju moguće pretnje po bezbednost objekta u datoj oblasti, kao i da utvrde stepen uticaja na životnu sredinu. Rezultati istraživanja lokacije, nalaze svoj odraz u pripremi zakonskih i podzakonskih akata kao i planskih, strateških i drugih dokumenata i političkih odluka, koji prethode izgradnji takvih objekata. Zbog toga u orijentacionom izboru tehnologije i mesta gradnje atomske centrale, učestvuju specijalisti u širokom spektru disciplina, među kojima prostorni planeri imaju sinteznu ulogu i značaj, kao i državni organi različitog teritorijalnog nivoa koji su u vezi s poslovima prostornog planiranja i regionalne politike. Geografi i prostorni planeri koji su eksperti u oblasti lokacijskih studija, treba od početka da budu uključeni u timove za pripremu propisa i izveštaja o lokaciji, koji moraju biti usklađeni sa preporukama Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju (IAEA).Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Developing students' critical thinking through project tasks in geography lessons
No full textA well-developed student personality requires the acquisition of specialized knowledge, but also the development of critical thinking. There is a causal relationship between the acquisition of knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. The task of critical thinking is not the acquisition of numerous facts, but the mastery of cognitive skills. This can be achieved through student activities on a research project in a specific period of time with specific resources and organization. Project tasks allow students to develop their skills and abilities through independent research on concrete examples (model learning) and through a combination of convergent (logical) and divergent (creative) thinking. Project tasks allow the teacher to create different methodological scenarios that achieve a new quality of teaching and a higher level of student motivation. Teachers and students create an interactive, col-laborative and constructive relationship in which students acquire knowledge independently based on previous experiences and their own abilities. The aim is to lead students to independent conclusions, the formation of values and the application of knowledge, which in this way becomes more permanent.Editor: Blagoja Markosk
Устойчивое управление лесами в Сербии: перспективы для рекреации и сохранения биоразнообразия
No full textЛеса являются важнейшим природным ресурсом, имеющим ключевое значение для
реализации концепции устойчивого развития как с экологической, так и с социально-
экономической точки зрения. В статье анализируются аспекты устойчивого управления лесными
территориями Сербии, с особым вниманием к рекреации, туризму и сохранению биоразнообразия.
Исследование подчеркивает возможности улучшения использования лесов в образовательных
целях, оздоровительном туризме и улучшении окружающей среды на основе анализа доступных
данных и стратегий развития лесного хозяйства. Особое внимание уделено важности
многофункциональности лесов в контексте современных вызовов, таких как изменение климата,
деградация земель и утрата биоразнообразия.Forests are the most important natural resource, which is of key importance for the implementation of the concept of sustainable development from both the ecological and socio-economic points of view. The article analyzes aspects of sustainable management of forest areas in Serbia, with a special focus on recreation, tourism and biodiversity conservation. The study highlights the possibilities for improving the use of forests for educational purposes, health tourism and environmental improvement based on the analysis of available data and forestry development strategies. Particular attention is paid to the importance of forest multifunctionality in the context of modern challenges such as climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss
Recent and near-term future changes in impacts-relevant seasonal hydroclimate in the world's Mediterranean climate regions
No full textChange over recent decades in the world's five Mediterranean Climate Regions (MCRs) of quantities of relevance to water resources, ecosystems and fire are examined for all seasons and placed in the context of changes in large-scale circulation. Near-term future projections are also presented. It is concluded that, based upon agreement between observational data sets and modelling frameworks, there is strong evidence of radiatively-driven drying of the Chilean MCR in all seasons and southwest Australia in winter. Observed drying trends in California in fall, southwest southern Africa in fall, the Pacific Northwest in summer and the Mediterranean in summer agree with radiatively-forced models but are not reproduced in a model that also includes historical sea surface temperature (SST) forcing, raising doubt about the human-origin of these trends. Observed drying in the Mediterranean in winter is stronger than can be accounted for by radiative forcing alone and is also outside the range of the SST-forced ensemble. It is shown that near surface vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is increasing almost everywhere but that, surprisingly, this is contributed to in the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to mid-latitudes by a decline in low-level specific humidity. The Southern Hemisphere drying, in terms of precipitation and specific humidity, is related to a poleward shift and strengthening of the westerlies with eddy-driven subsidence on the equatorward side. Model projections indicate continued drying of Southern Hemisphere MCRs in winter and spring, despite ozone recovery and year-round drying in the Mediterranean. Projections for the North American MCR are uncertain, with a large contribution from internal variability, with the exception of drying in the Pacific Northwest in summer. Overall the results indicate continued aridification of MCRs other than in North America with important implications for water resources, agriculture and ecosystems
Future precipitation changes in California: Comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6 intermodel spread and its drivers
No full textCalifornia is one of the major uncertainty hotspots for climate change, as climate models have historically been split between projecting wetter and drier future conditions over the region. We analysed the future (mid-century and end-century) projections of California's winter precipitation changes from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and studied its respective model agreement in comparison to the previous CMIP5 projections. Over northern California more than two thirds of the models in each ensemble agree on wetter future conditions. However, over southern California both ensembles show highly uncertain precipitation changes, with model projections almost equally divided between wetter or drier conditions. Projected end-century precipitation changes range from −30% to +70% in CMIP5 and −20% to +80% in CMIP6. The CMIP6 ensemble mean changes are generally wetter and show larger model disagreement compared to CMIP5. Distribution of year-to-year precipitation indicates more extremely wet or dry years over southern California in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5, with some models suggesting that the five wettest years account for as much as ~55% of the 20-year rainfall, and the five driest for as little as ~5%. Dynamically, both ensembles project weakened subsidence over Baja California that is stronger in CMIP6 than in CMIP5, in line with the wetter mean conditions in CMIP6. In the western tropical Pacific we find strengthening of the Hadley circulation in CMIP6 that is not seen in CMIP5, and more El Niño than La Niña conditions in the equatorial Pacific. More CMIP6 models also project an increase in ENSO events compared to CMIP5, and a stronger impact of ENSO on California's precipitation is found in CMIP6 than in CMIP5. These factors also contribute to larger model disagreement and more extremely wet or dry years over southern California in CMIP6
Deciphering the breaking points and spectral periodicities of mean air temperatures and precipitation sums in Montenegro
No full textUsing the Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums (RAPS) and spectral analysis methods, the study aimed to extract subperiods (a break point analysis) based on data from 18 meteorological stations in Montenegro and determine the elementary periodicity using the Lomb periodogram of mean seasonal and annual air temperatures and precipitation totals for the period 1961–2020. Prior to this, trend calculations were performed, which showed a significant increase in mean seasonal and annual temperatures, with the most intense warming occurring in the summer (from 0.30 to 0.75 °C/decade). Trends in seasonal and annual precipitation totals are insignificant. According to RAPS values, two subperiods are clearly distinguished for temperatures, and a sudden increase in mean annual temperatures at 11 stations (61.1%) occurred only in 1997 and 1998. The year 1991 was a break point in 22.1% of cases. For seasonal and annual precipitation totals, a minimum of 4 subseries can be distinguished at all stations. According to the RAPS method, the years 2002 and 2003 most frequently appear as the last pivotal points leading to an increase in annual precipitation totals. In terms of precipitation, the most prominent periodicity observed is at 2.1 and 3.6 years, suggesting a quasi-biennial oscillation. Additionally, a 14.7-year periodicity is noted in winter precipitation, and a 3-year periodicity signals ENSO. Regarding average annual and seasonal temperatures, short-term (2–3 years), medium-term (4–5 years) and long-term (6, 8 and over 20 years) periodicities are distinguished. Only at two stations, was the Markowitz wave (MW) signal
GIS Based Decision Support System for Brownfield Redevelopment: The Case Study Municipality of Prokuplje, Serbia
No full textOver the past 30 years, wastelands have increased in Serbia, particularly in the south and southeast. Prokuplje and surrounding municipalities lack protected areas and face significant depopulation and contamination issues. The Toplica region, with 88,900 inhabitants, is strategically located with key transportation routes, but former military sites in Prokuplje present challenges due to contaminated soils and proximity to urban areas, necessitating remediation and redevelopment. Three zones are ecologically suitable for conversion in Prokuplje, while one is moderately suitable. Two brownfields near the Niš-Prokuplje-Merdare-Priština road pose remediation challenges due to contamination with mercury(I) oxide, aluminum, and boric acid. Shallow contamination near densely populated areas makes remediation difficult. Legal regulation, homeowner assessment, and in-depth chemical analysis are essential for effective remediation. Essentially, Prokuplje has three areas suitable for conversion and one moderately suitable. However, the two brownfields near the Niš-Prokuplje-Merdare-Priština road face significant remediation challenges due to contamination with mercury oxide, aluminum, and boric acid. Addressing these issues requires legal regulations, homeowner assessments, and detailed chemical analysis to ensure safe redevelopment and boost investor confidence. Future efforts may include spatial analysis of former military sites, expanding to the Toplica region.Part of the book series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (NAPSC
Development of an Energy Map of Available Biomass Raw Materials in the Geographic Information System (GIS)
No full textFor the rational utilization of available
biomass resources for energy production, it is
crucial to collect, process and transport them at
times when the energy potential is highest.
Obtaining information on the type, location and
quantity of available energy sources is slow and
unreliable without a developed ENERGY MAP.
Therefore, the creation of an ENERGY MAP for a
given area is of great importance and serves the
needs of interested companies and local selfgovernments.
In this paper, the GIS software QGis
and Geo Python are used to create a table that is
constantly updated to create a GIS energy map of
available biomass resources. The application of
this methodology enables efficient analysis and
management of biomass resources. The generated
map provides important information about the
availability and locations of biomass resources,
allowing for better planning and decision making
regarding their utilization for energy purposes.
The paper describes the process of creating a form
for users of available biomass feedstocks to
determine the dependence of energy potential on
the moisture content of the source resources, and
the interpretation of the results by obtaining upto-
date data on the type and energy potential of
waste biomass feedstocks at the source sites