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Application of multispectral imaging in forest monitoring – a case study of national parks in Republic of Serbia
No full textDeforestation and forest degradation are one of the most complex ecological challenges worldwide. Multispectral imaging and remote sensing help researchers and forest managers to quantify forest loss and degradation. By combining multiple bands of satellite data, multispectral indices can highlight changes in forest structure and reduce the cost and time required for field research. In this research multispectral indices and remote sensing are used in different areas of forestry (such as deforestation, wildfires, phenology) and five examples of remote sensing in forest monitoring are presented. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to quantify deforestation in ski center in Kopaonik National park. The Normalized Burn Ration (NBR) is used to assess forest fire damage in Šar planina National Park. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) is used to monitor some phеnological events in Fruška gora National Park. The moisture content of vegetation in Djerdap National Park is analyzed with the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and pest damage is monitored with the NDVI and the Normalized Difference Rededge Vegetation Index (NDRE) in Tara National Park. The results of these five case study analyses show that multispectral imaging provides the most evident results in monitoring deforestation, while pest and disease damage is difficult to detect
Timing and facies analysis of the Middle Miocene Badenian flood deposits in southern Central Paratethys—insights from KC-4 borehole, western Serbia
No full textWe provide new insights into the Badenian transgression (Langhian to early Serravallian) in western Serbia, focusing on the marginal part of the Central Paratethys. Nano- and microfossils (calcareous nannofossils, foraminifers, and ostracods) are used along with U–Pb radioisotope dating of a tuff layer near the Badenian lower boundary to reconstruct the timing of the middle Badenian marine flooding. Our findings reveal the occurrence of a second (main) Badenian transgression (TB2.4 third-order cycle) around 14.2–13.8 million years ago. The Badenian marine waters flooded the continental formation of the poorly defined early-middle Miocene sequences. The sedimentary succession (KC-4 core, 490–205 m) is grouped into five units (I–V). The lower two units (I–II) are non-marine alluvials that are characterized by coarse-grained siliciclastics. Unit III represents the basal coarse-grained clastites and sandy limestones of the initial shallow-marine environment and unit IV consists of marls and high-calcitic fine-grained clastites of neritic facies. Unit V contains carbonaceous marlstone and limestone deposited in a restricted marine shallow-water environment. Biostratigraphically, over 154 m of dominantly fine-grained clastites (units III–IV) confirm the presence of the marine middle and upper Badenian. Its lower part (366–325 m) corresponds to the nannofossil NN5 Zone and the youngest Upper Lagenidae Zone (local Zone Ammonia viennensis–Trilobatus trilobus), as well as a part of the Spirorutilus carinatus Zone. The upper part (325–212 m) corresponds to the nannofossil NN6 Zone as well as the foraminifer Bulimina-Bolivina Zone. The U–Pb age for zircon grains is 14.58 ± 0.08 Ma. Petrographic data from the tuff sample show a strong correlation with volcanic records along the S-SW margin of Central Paratethys (N Croatia, NE Bosnia, and central Serbia). The U–Pb age as well as tuff glass composition and mineralogy suggest the possible source of the tuff as from the Subotica area (N Serbia) or the Bükkalja Volcanic Field in NE Hungary. Graphic abstract: (Figure presented.
Kritične mineralne sirovine i savremeni tehnološki razvoj: izazov za zelenu energetsku tranziciju
No full textPotražnja za kritičnim mineralima eksponencijalno raste kako se svet ubrzano tehnološki razvija i usmerava ka korišćenju i proizvodnji obnovljive i čiste energije. Za potrebe ublažavanja posledica klimatskih promena i udaljavanja od konvencionalnih fosilnih goriva, od suštinskog značaja je sve veće snabdevanje kritičnim mineralima koji imaju veliki ekonomski značaj, retki su, i u velikoj meri zavisni od uvoznog sektora. Ove mineralne sirovine predstavljaju ključne komponente za održivu budućnost sa niskom emisijom CO2 i neizostavan su resurs za razvoj širokog spektra savremenih tehnologija, kao što su npr. električna vozila, solarni paneli, vetroturbine, baterije, dronovi, vojna tehnika, i dr. Dugi niz godina, prerada mineralnih resursa bila je ključna za zadovoljenje industrijskih i društvenih potreba za energijom i metalima. U zelenoj energetskoj tranziciji koja se razvija, prioritet je ispunjavanje ne samo rastućih svetskih energetskih potreba, već i društvenih očekivanja nulte emisije CO2 do 2050. godine, ili ranije. Obnovljiva energija će igrati ključnu ulogu u postizanju zelene tranzicije, ali će za to biti potrebni kritični minerali.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Green Transition Monitoring Framework for WB (first draft)
No full textThis dataset comprises a set of indicators for measuring or assessing green transition in Western Balkan countries, based on the research cases developed through the GreenFORCE project. The indicators will be validated with local stakeholders and re-published as a Report on Monitoring Green Transition in WB
GIS-Based Integrated Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Assessment in Makedonska Kamenica Municipality, North Macedonia
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of natural hazard susceptibility in the Makedonska Kamenica municipality of North Macedonia, encompassing erosion assessment, landslides, flash floods, and forest fire vulnerability. Employing advanced GIS and remote sensing (RS) methodologies, hazard models were meticulously developed and integrated to discern areas facing concurrent vulnerabilities. Findings unveil substantial vulnerabilities prevalent across the area, notably along steep terrain gradients, river valleys, and deforested landscapes. Erosion assessment reveals elevated rates, with a mean erosion coefficient (Z) of 0.61 and an annual erosion production of 182,712.9 m3, equivalent to a specific erosion rate of 961.6 m3/km2/year. Landslide susceptibility analysis identifies 31.8% of the municipality exhibiting a very high probability of landslides, while flash flood susceptibility models depict 3.3% of the area prone to very high flash flood potential. Forest fire susceptibility mapping emphasizes slightly less than one-third of the municipality’s forested area is highly or very highly susceptible to fires. Integration of these hazard models elucidates multi-hazard zones, revealing that 11.0% of the municipality’s territory faces concurrent vulnerabilities from excessive erosion, landslides, flash floods, and forest fires. These zones are predominantly located in upstream areas, valleys of river tributaries, and the estuary region. The identification of multi-hazard zones underscores the critical need for targeted preventive measures and robust land management strategies to mitigate potential disasters and safeguard both human infrastructure and natural ecosystems. Recommendations include the implementation of enhanced monitoring systems, validation methodologies, and community engagement initiatives to bolster hazard preparedness and response capabilities effectively
Comparative Analysis of Terrain Passability Models: Evaluating High-Resolution and Low-Resolution Geospatial Data for UGV Navigation
No full textThis study investigates the resolution threshold limits of terrain passability maps, determining their applicability for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) navigation and their usability for larger, humanoperated vehicles. The research compares the effectiveness of high-resolution data, including 0.1 m Digital Terrain Models (DTM) derived from LiDAR and photogrammetric point clouds, with medium- to low-resolution satellite imagery and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The focus is on identifying the resolution at which passability maps remain effective for UGVs and the point at which lower resolutions become suitable only for larger vehicles due to the loss of necessary details for precise navigation. Additionally, the study explores the impact of environmental variability on passability assessments, considering factors such as seasonal changes and varying weather conditions that can significantly alter the usability of different resolution maps. By examining the influence of terrain features—such as slope, terrain indices, soil conditions, land cover, hydrological features, and road networks—on vehicle passability, the study aims to establish a clear threshold. This threshold defines the transition between maps suitable for UGVs and those more appropriate for more extensive, human-operated vehicles. The study utilises a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, with GIS, CAD software, and Python programming language employed to process and analyse the geospatial data. The results are synthesised into passability maps with varying resolutions, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each. The findings demonstrate that high-resolution data are crucial for producing reliable passability maps for UGVs, while medium- to low-resolution maps may suffice for larger vehicles, particularly on less complex terrains. This research offers valuable insights for different applications in which the accuracy of terrain passability assessments is critical for operational success. By establishing the resolution limits of passability maps, this study contributes to optimising vehicle navigation across diverse terrains, ensuring the appropriate use of geospatial data based on vehicle type, operational requirements, and environmental conditions.Editors: Ana Milanović Pešić, Zlata Vuksanović-Macura, Suzana Lović Obradović, Marko D. Petrović, Jelena Kovačević-Majki
Air temperature trends in Eastern Serbia
No full textIn this research, the temperature trends in eastern Serbia were analyzed at 3 meteorological stations (Negotin. Zaječar and Knjaževac) for the period 1961-2020. The aim of the study is to determine the trends in air temperature on annual, seasonal and monthly level and to determine the point of change in the time series. The non-parametric Mann- Kendall test and the Pettit test were used. The average annual increase in the air temperature was determined for all three meteorological stations with a significance level of a=0.001. The strongest increase in seasonal temperatures is recorded at all three meteorological stations in summer (significance level a=0.001). A statistically significant trend of temperature increase occurred at the Knjaževac and Negotin meteorological stations after 1987 and at the Zaječar meteorological station after 1997. The results of the air temperature trend research are of great scientific and practical importance for future urban and rural planning and the design of public health policy.Editors: Miodrag Dinić, Nenad Maksimović, Igor Topalovi
Primena GIS-a u analizi letova kompanije Air Serbia iznad teritorije Srbije u funkciji zaštite životne sredine
No full textIako je nebo iznad teritorije Srbije veoma prometno, kada je vazdušni saobraćaj u pitanju i da zbog toga može postojati značajan uticaj na životnu sredinu i zdravlje stanovništva od strane ovog vida saobaćaja, odnosno saobraćajnih sredstava, ovoj problematici se poklanja relativno malo pažnje, kako na nivou Republike Srbije, tako i na nivou lokalnih samouprava. U ovom radu su, primenom Geografskih informacionih sistema, analizirani letovi nacionalne avio-kompanije Air Serbia iznad teritorije Srbije, realizovani tokom septembra 2023. godine, na osnovu podataka preuzetih sa portala Flightradar24.com. Analiza je izvršena na nivou jedinica lokalne samouprave u Srbiji, kao i za polja dimenzija 10 x 10 kilometara na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Za svaku jedinicu lokalne samouprave i polje dobijeni su podaci o broju letova aviona kompanije Air Serbia iznad njihovih teritorija, kao i podaci o prosečnoj visini, brzini letova, zatim ukupnoj i prosečnoj dužini letova iznad teritorija jedinica lokalne samouprave i prosečnoj dužini letova po jedinici površine jedinica lokalne samouprave. Dobijeni podaci, zajedno sa podacima o letovima ostalih avio-kompanija tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda iznad teritorije Srbije, trebali bi da predstavljaju osnovu za sprovođenje odgovarajućih mera zaštite životne sredine, pre svega u cilju smanjena zagađenja vazuha i nivoa buke, kao i negativnih posledica po zdravlje ljudi.Urednici: Bogdan Lukić, Velimir Šećerov, Dejan S. Đorđević, Zoran Radosavljevi
Преображај руралног система насеља општине Књажевац на почетку 21. века
No full textРурални простор општине Књажевац је одувек био простор промена, обликован миграционим кретањима, културним утицајима, социјалним прегруписавањима, политичким превирањима и привредним реструктурирањима. На почетку 21. века догодиле су се промене које су преобликовале све аспекте руралних насеља, која се у све већем броју налазе у фази демографског одумирања. Пратећи промене у просторном, демографском и функционалном комплексу, у фокусу рада је анализа односа и веза између динамике руралног развоја и просторно-функционалне организације система руралних насеља. Циљ рада је да се кроз идентификацију примарних и секундарних руралних центара, као носилаца одрживог руралног развоја, сагледају могућности за успостављање хијерархијски хомогенијег система насеља и размотре питања социјалне и економске регенерације руралног простора. Резултати истраживања могу бити полазна тачка за креирање смерница у изради локалне политике руралног развоја и реформи у начину управљања руралним просторомУредници: Микица Сибиновић, Владана Стојадинови