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Cross-Border Data Transfers and Data Localization Mandate under the Data Protection Regime
Get PDFThe present paper critiques India\u27s approach to cross-border data transfers under the Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025. It highlights concerns with Rule 14 and Rule 12(4), which grant the government broad discretion to impose data localization mandates, potentially restricting the transfer of specific data types regardless of the destination country\u27s safety. This "regressive" approach could stifle innovation and create compliance hurdles for businesses, especially social media intermediaries. The paper also points out the ambiguity in defining restrictions and the lack of provisions for "onward transfers" of data, contrasting it with the more comprehensive GDPR. It advocates for a balanced framework with clear criteria for restrictions and safeguards, aligning with international best practices to ensure both national security and economic viability
Multi-center image analysis study to assess the interobserver variability of SUV analysis in preclinical [18F]FDG PET/CT
No full textThis multi-centre FDG-PET/(CT) image analysis project aimed to evaluate the impact of the image analysis method on dynamic preclinical FDG-PET/(CT) data comparability.
FDG-PET (n=6) and FDG-PET/CT (n=7) datasets from tumour-bearing mice were analyzed by trained and untrained investigators (n=8) from in total 7 different laboratories using their individual standard image analysis software and method for the respective organs. Apart from one investigator, the analysis was performed blinded. The investigators were asked to delineate the tumour, whole brain, muscle, heart or left ventricle, kidneys, liver and urinary bladder. Reporting included the used software program, intensity levels of the radiation scale, ROI/VOI size, delineation method, used image frame, activity concentration in the ROI/VOI (mean and max) and information on co-registration (PET/CT datasets).
The used image analysis software included three different programs. Images were analyzed in %ID/cc, SUV or kBq/ml. Organ delineation methods ranged from fixed objects (e.g. spheres) to manual delineation and semi-automatic methods using thresholding. For both datasets (FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT), the smallest variation in the VOI sizes was obtained in the heart (50% CoV and 32% CoV), whereas the largest was obtained in the liver (234% CoV and 154% CoV), respectively. However, the different investigators obtained liver time-activity curves (TACs) given in SUVmean, which were nearly identical, whereas huge variations in the muscle, left ventricle and urinary bladder SUVmean TACs were obtained. Tumour SUVmean TACs also revealed high differences in the analysis methods (delineating the whole tumour or only the active volume). The inclusion of the CT data led to an improvement in the brain SUVmean TACs (reduction of the CoV from 14% to 5%, respectively). SUVmax TACs were almost identical in the tumour, kidney and urinary bladder but exhibited some variations in all the other organs.
This is the first multi-centre study focusing on the influence of the image analysis method on the obtained results. We could show that the outcome of an FDG-PET/(CT) study heavily depends on the employed image analysis method. Especially the SUVmean changes with the region\u27s position (e.g. muscle) and/or size (e.g. urinary bladder). Therefore, a standardized method for image analysis will be proposed based on the findings of this study.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the COST Action CA17121.
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Matrescence: On the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy, Childbirth and Motherhood (2023)
No full textI came across Matrescence by Lucy Jones when I was 9 months deep into my own period of postpartum fog. I hadn’t slept for more than 60 minutes at a time, my hair was falling out in handfuls, I was dehydrated, over-caffeinated, simultaneously over and under stimulated, I had not read a book since my baby was born or brushed my teeth more than once a day. I felt both at my most lonely and my most connected, pulled through by my partner, family and close female friends who had done it before me. I had, up to this point, reliably got through life with a mixture of conscientiousness, enthusiasm and perfectionism. I yearned deeply to become a mum but the reality was not what I expected. My love for my son was like nothing I had ever known, and yet, so was the anxiety. I was consumed with obsessively tracking everything he did in the hope I might finally ‘get it right’. I was supposed to be good at this. This was what I was ‘meant’ to do. However, despite all my preparation and research, my baby wouldn’t sleep, needed held constantly, had a bad latch and cried inconsolably in cafes across the city. In my state of extreme sleep deprivation and mental depletion not only was I seemingly getting everything wrong but I felt wrong too
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase family in GtoPdb v.2025.1
Get PDFPI3K activation is one of the most important signal transduction pathways used to transmit signals from cell-surface receptors to regulate intracellular processes (cell growth, survival, proliferation and movement). PI3K catalytic (and regulatory) subunits play vital roles in normal cell function and in disease. Progress made in developing PI3K-targeted agents as potential therapeutics for treating cancer and other diseases is reviewed by Fruman et al. (2017) [44]
The Right To Education For Children On The Move: A Status-Based Reality?
Get PDFWhile the right to education has near universal acknowledgment and ratification, its application falls short of this global promise. One group that continues to face struggles in claiming their right to education are ‘children on the move’, a term chosen specifically due to its inclusive nature as an umbrella term for all children who have left their habitual residence. This purposefully does not distinguish between legal status groups such as refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, internally displaced children, or unaccompanied and separated children. Through in-depth case studies in Morocco and Lebanon, this paper has supported the claim that by assigning children different legal status, states are de facto limiting their right to education. The case studies of mainly irregular migrants Morocco and people fleeing Syria in Lebanon provide for examples of such discrimination based on status, as both states have established barriers that in effect exclude certain groups from education while including others. While not all hurdles are necessarily legal, the picture that emerges out of the case studies is that children with refugee status and protection from the UNHCR face barriers within schools, while those without lack access to schools due to the legislative barrier. Children afforded refugee status suffer from racism and hatred, language and religious difficulties, and overcrowding. Children without such status, face these difficulties yet coupled with systematic exclusion through document availability and fear of deportation or violence. The international right that is universally protected, is therefore fragmented into legal status, limiting the right to education for all children into a status-based reality.
Hegemonic Masculinity, Health Administration, and Male Human Trafficking Victims inthe United States: A Public Health and Economic Analysis
Get PDFHuman trafficking remains a significant public health crisis in the United States, disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. Despite ongoing efforts, systemic shortcomings in U.S. anti-trafficking frameworks perpetuate the invisibility of male survivors, who constitute 25% of trafficking victims. This analysis investigates the role of hegemonic masculinity in shaping public health policies, revealing entrenched biases that hinder the identification and support of male victims. Cultural constructs of masculinity portray men as invulnerable, contributing to inequitable funding allocation, inadequate service provision, and the neglect of trauma-specific interventions. The analysis highlights how these oversights exacerbate health disparities, deepen homelessness, and impose substantial economic burdens on society. By addressing these systemic failures, the research advocates for transformative solutions—including equitable resource redistribution, targeted educational reforms, innovative policies, and comprehensive data collection. The study underscores the ethical imperative of dismantling gender biases to ensure inclusive anti-trafficking strategies that enhance resilience, promote health equity, and uphold human rights.
Connecting People, Place and Planet: Can Tactile Embodied Experiences be Created Through Digital Technologies?
Get PDFMarine Scientist and Geoscience Research Consultant Sophie Mackaness reflects on the opportunities and challenges of building connections between science, art, and peopl
Uncanny Machines
Get PDFDesigned to provide transformative AI-fuelled experiences for audiences, and to present works that address key challenges in AI, The New Real’s ‘Uncanny Machines’ project/commission explores how artists can push creative boundaries, how AI can be enriched or challenged by the Arts and the social implications of recent developments in AI
Against Image Positivism: The Potentials for Play as a Mode of Health Research
No full textImages are increasingly used in health research as a complement to discursive methods, to elicit more and different types of knowledge and experience from participants. The use of image-based research, such as drawing and photography, then, holds promises for understanding health in new ways. However, such promises fall short when researchers and audiences treat images as realist representations of participants’ lives. Images are never clear representations of an objective reality- this is not their value either during or after research. In this photo essay, we show and discuss how we countered image positivism in the PHRAME study, Photographing Health by Rural Adolescents in the Midwest. The photos shown in this essay take viewers into our interviews in PHRAME and then out to our modes of audience engagement. Throughout, play served as a critical orientation and form of listening. We show this, first, through glimpses into our interviews, where we engaged in play that transformed meanings of photos taken by the young people. Then we show how we engaged public health, academic audiences, and popular audiences of the young people’s photos in play where audiences were invited to co-produce meaning through interactive activities, rather than reading to extract meaning from the photos. In conclusion, we suggest that play as a mode of research and exchange holds transformative potential, taking health research beyond the image positivism that has constrained the methodology to expand visions of what health is and might be.