Sprin Journal of Arabic-English Studies
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The Reality of Undergraduate in Writing Arabic Numerals: The Students of the Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka as a sample
Get PDFاللغة العربية لها مجال متعددة، وعلوم مختلفة، ومن أهمها علم النحو والصرف، ومن منهج علم النحو قواعد العدد والمعدود، فعلى هذا يواجه طلاب اللغة العربية خاصة طلاب قسم اللغة العربية بجامعة جنوب شرق سريلانكا الصعوبات والمشاكل في استخدام العدد والمعدود صحيحة في كتابتهم، وهذه المشاكل تكون عائقا لهم في تحصيل مهارات اللغة العربية كاملا، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد الأخطاء والمشاكل الشائعة فى استعمال العدد والمعدود لدى الطلبة الذين يتعلمون اللغة العربية لغة ثانية مع تقديم العلاج المناسب. وقد استخدم الباحثان في هذه الدراسة نوع المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي، وأما المصادر الأولية لهذا البحث فهم الطلاب المتخصصة في السنة الثانية والثالثة والرابعة من قسم اللغة العربية في كلية الدراسات الإسلامية واللغة العربية بجامعة جنوب شرق سريلانكا. وأما المصادر الثانوية لهذه الدراسة فهي الرسائل والبحوث والكتب والمجلات المتعلقة بهذا الموضوع، وتم تحليل المعلومات التي حصل الباحثان على خلال الاستبانة بمساعدة برنامج Ms - excel التكنولوجيا الحديثة، ومن النتائج التي حصل الباحثان على خلال هذه الدراسة أن الطلبة المتخصصين في قسم اللغة العربية بجامعة جنوب شرق سريلانكا لديهم معرفة كافية عن قواعد العدد والمعدود حسب إجابتهم بحيث أن معظمهم يعرفون قواعد العدد والمعدود بشكل كافئ، ولكن قليل منهم يخطؤون في استخدام العدد والمعدود في تراكيب الجمل والعبارات لعدة أسباب: منها عدم اهتمام الطلبة عن العدد والمعدود، والتفريط، وعدم التعلم بشكل منتظم، واستعمالاتها قليل لدى الطلبة، ويمكن أن ينحصر الأخطاء الواقعة في استعمال العدد والمعدود تحت الثلاث، المذكر والمؤنث، وقواعد التمييز، والإضافة. فعلى هذا يجب لكل من المعلم في هذا المجال أن يعطي للطلبة توضيحا كاملا عن العدد والمعدود مع إكثار تدريبات متعلقة حولها، وأن يزيل الصعوبات من هذه المادة، وأن يعرّف الطلاب الأوجه المتنوعة لانطباع هذه القواعد في أذهانهم، ويجب أيضا على الطلبة أن يتعلم هذه المادة برغبة وحماسة.The Arabic language has various fields, and one of the most important fields is Numerals. Consequently, the students of the Department of Arabic Language, especially those who are studying in the Department of Arabic Language at the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, face difficulties and challenges in writing numerals in Arabic correctly. According to this, this research aims to identify the common errors and problems in the usage of numerals among students who are learning Arabic as a second language. This research uses descriptive analytical methodology through a quantitative approach. It uses a questionnaire for gathering primary data among the 2nd, 3rd and 4th year specialization students of the Department. On the other hand, secondary data were gathered from books, research, journal articles, and website articles. The data obtained through the questionnaire were analysed by MS Excel. The research finds that the specialization students of the Department have sufficient knowledge about numerals. However, a low percentage of the students make mistakes in using Arabic numbers and numerals within sentence structures and phrases due to lack of attention, negligence, irregular learning, and limited usage. The errors in the usage of numerals can be categorized into three main areas: masculine and feminine, Accusative of specification (Tamyeez) and Possessive Expression
Role of Allama Iqbal in Awakening the Eastern Nations
Get PDFفي هذا المقال قد بذل جهداً للكشف عن فكر الإقبال الصافي المستیقظ، الذي هو في الواقع بصیرة للحرية والتحرر والتحفيز والإثارة، فضلا عن ذلك فليعرض الشعور بالمسؤولية لدى شاعر العالم الإسلامي ومفكر الشرق، البراهمي من مواليد اللغة الأردية، تجاه الأمم الشرقية، التي انعكست في أشعاره الخالصة باللغة الفارسية الدرية. وكان هذا المستيقظ والداعي الفاضل يحاول لیلاً و نهاراً أن يستيقظ أهل البلاد الإسلامية، وخاصة المشرق، من سباتهم ويعودوا إلى مجدهم وعظمتهم الماضية. والغرض من هذا البحث هو آثار الصحوة العلامةإقبال وإطلاعه على أمم المشرق الذين وقعوا في شباك الغرب والغربيين الخادعة، وابتعدوا عن طريقهم الرئيسي والأساسي؛ وهو السير والكتابة على الطريق النقي للحرية والنمو،كان هدف إقبال في الحياة هو قمع وإضعاف المسؤولين الذین کانوا سببا للتشتت والفوضیفي المجالات الدينية والسياسية والاجتماعية في المجتمع الإسلامي والإنساني، وتوعية الأمم بأفكارهم القاتلة والمدمرة، وكان إقبال دائما ضد الاستعمار الغربي وكان دائما ينبه أمم العالم الإسلامي من أضرار الحضارة الغربية وفلسفتهم المادية، وينتقد فلسفتهم، وكان یثبت اضرار الفکر الغربیه مع دلائل الدینیه و کشف الغطاء عن وجه الغرب الخادع و المزور لکی تحذر ابناء الامة الاسلامیة من الوقوع فی حفرة الخداع و التزویرالغربیه.In this paper it has been tried to discover the neat and awakening thought of Iqbal (Peace be upon him) that is in fact conception of freedom, motive and rousing, and shows the perception of feeling accountability for eastern nations by this famous Muslim, eastern thinker, Urdu speaking poet which is reflected in templates of Persian language fine poems. This efficient awakening and proficient motive were struggling day and night to awaken the nations of eastern countries especially Muslim nations from neglect dream and rethink to their past glory and enormity. The aim of this paper is to study the awakening and informative role of Allama Iqbal among eastern nations that were captured in deceptive net of the west and westerners and hoped from their native course that was waking and contributing for freedom evolution. The main goal of Iqbal in his life was to weaken those who were the elements for anarchy in religious, political and social conditions of Islamic world in order to inform Muslin nations from risks of their destructive and fatal thoughts. Iqbal had querulously position against colonialist thoughts of the west, as he was always informing nations of Islamic world from detriments of western civilizations, its materialist philosophy and westernization, as he criticized their philosophy and blamed it. He has proved the harms of their futile, bogus and desolator thought by religious reasons and disclosed the deceptive visage of the west, so that the new generation of eastern countries shouldn’t sink into their charming black holes
Human Rights of Vulnerable Minority Groups in India: An Overview
Get PDFHuman rights are the conditions of life that allow us to fully develop and use our human qualities of intelligence and conscience, and to satisfy our spiritual needs. We cannot develop our personality in the absence of rights. Certain groups in society often encounter discriminatory treatment and need special attention to avoid potential exploitation. This population constitutes what is referred to as vulnerable groups. The vulnerable groups are discriminated against on the grounds of being economically weaker sections of society. In the case of women and children, it is much greater since society treats them as biologically weak. The tendency to take undue advantage of the weaker sections of society results in exploitation, which in turn leads to anti-social behavior. India is a multilingual and multi-religious country. Indian society is pluralistic in character from religious and other points of view. For a long time, people belonging to various religious communities have been living together in this country. However, there are some problems which minorities normally face where we can say that the rights of minorities are being violated. These problems include the preservation of their distinct social and cultural life, where several customs and cultures are under scrutiny at times and lead to controversies of all types, giving opportunities to aggravate the problems of minorities; the need for security and protection, which is very often felt by minorities, especially in times of communal violence, caste conflicts, and observance of festivals and religious functions on a mass scale; and communal tensions and riots, which threaten minority interests whenever they take place for whatever reason, leading to widespread fears and anxieties
Conditions of the owner in the duty of Zakat
Get PDFOne of the positive aspects of Islamic law is that it is founded on social prosperity, and in order to foster social prosperity, it has made it mandatory for the rich members of the community to pay zakat in order to eradicate poverty and need in the community. On the other hand, when compelled to pay zakat, he did not inform the property owner that he had paid the full amount; rather, he had committed to paying a percentage of the property, which must be distributed to the poor and needy at a specific time. No one may take more than a set portion of the property owner's wealth, and it is not necessary for every wealthy individual to pay Zakat in order to prevent oppression in society. If the property contains such conditions, zakat will be deducted from the owner or they will pay for it; if there are no conditions, no one has the authority to steal someone else's property for no apparent cause. The requirements are as follows: The zakat payer must be a Muslim, be under responsibility to do so, be aware of that obligation, be able to do so, be a free individual, and be guided by Islamic law. The person who gives and receives zakat will not purchase the best riches; instead, they will act as a mediator between the two, and zakat will be used to give and get the average amount of money
Maulana Abu Bakr Siddiqi’s Participation in The Freedom Movement of India
Get PDFMaulana Abu Bakr Siddiqi was a prominent religious personality, eminent intellectual and a great spiritual guide and social reformer. He had uprooted the religious blindness, unlawful customs and bida’h (heterodoxy) from the Muslim community and promoted the true creed and faith of Islam, as well as propagated the real and pure sunnah among his lakhs of devotees purifying the wrong method of tasauuf and worship, promoting awareness against the falsehood of fake spiritual guides, and pulling up the polytheism (shirk), heterodoxy (Bida’h) and apostatize (irtidad) by the roots through his demonstrated and proven speeches.
In addition to that, he always urged his lakhs of devotees and disciples to be united against the British colonial power. To materialize this aim of unity against British, and to spread the cinder and flame of revolution in the hearts of common people he established several important organizations and newspapers for the Muslims of Bengal and Assam. These organizations of Ulema and scholars as well as its mouthpiece magazines and newspapers played vital unforgettable roles in Khilafat Movement, Quit India Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement and Complete Freedom Movement as well as worked for communal harmony and peace, what should be written by golden letter in the history.
He presided over the regional branch of the historical freedom fighting organization Jamiat e Ulama e Hind in West Bengal until his death on 17th March of 1939 C.E, and organized several large public conferences against the British rule in various places of undivided Bengal and Assam, being accompanied by other Deobandi Ulema like Shaikhul Islam Hussain Ahmad Madani, Maulana Hafij Ahmad Saeed, Mufti Kifayatullah and many others, and had created an anti-British common phenomenon among the common people
Global citizenship and role of polyglot in its strengthening
Get PDFالمواطنة العالمية هي فكرة وحملة وحركة وشعور بالانتماء إلى مجتمع أرحب يتخطى الحدود الجغرافية والسياسية والوطنية، وهي تهدف إلى خدمة جميع البشر على أساس الإنسانية بغض النظر عن الجنسية والطائفة والعقيدة والدين والجنس، كما أنها تتطلب العمل معا متحدين للقضاء على المشاكل الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية والبيئية من العالم بأسره، لكن فكرة المواطنة العالمية هذه لا يمكن تحقيقها بدون التعليم. والأمم المتحدة تعتقد أن التعليم للجميع ضروري لتحقيق هذه الفكرة، لأن الشخص المتعلم يمكنه فقط فهم أهمية المواطنة العالمية ويستطيع الاضطلاع بأدوار فعالة ويقدر على بناء مجتمع أكثر سلاماً، وتسامحاً وشمولية. والمبادرة العالمية للتعليم التي أطلقتها منظمة الأمم المتحدة تركز أيضا على ثلاث أولويات: أولا: وضع كل طفل في المدرسة وثانيا: تحسين نوعية التعليم وثالثا: تعزيز المواطنة العالمية.
من الجدير بالذكر أن المواطن العالمي يجب أن يكون متعدد اللغات، لأن معرفة اللغات المتعددة تساعد على التواصل بشكل جيد مع العالم. هذا المقال يشرح فكرة المواطنة العالمية وأهميتها وانفتاح الهند على قبول فكرة المواطنة العالمية. كما يوضح أهمية التعددية اللغوية في تعزيز فكرة المواطنة العالمية من منظور شخصي وعلمي.Global citizenship is an idea, a campaign, a movement, and a sense of belonging to a wider society that transcends geographical, political, and national boundaries. It aims to serve all humans on the basis of humanity irrespective of the nationality, caste, creed, religion and sex. It requires acting unitedly to eliminate social, political, economic, and environmental problems from the whole world but this idea of global citizenship cannot be realised without education. United Nations believe that the education for all is mandatory to realise this idea, because an educated person can only understand the importance of global citizenship, play effective roles, and build a more peaceful, tolerant, and inclusive society. The United Nations Global Education Initiative also focuses on three priorities: first, putting every child in school, second, improving the quality of education, and third, promoting global citizenship.
It is notable that a global citizen must be a polyglot, because being multilingual helps connecting well with the world. This article explains the idea of global citizenship, its importance and openness of India to accept the Idea of global citizenship. It also elucidates the importance of multilingualism in strengthening the idea of global citizenship from personal and scientific perspectives
Examining the Wisdom and Justifications of Asking Forgiveness: The Prophet of Islam (PBUH) from the Perspectives of Commentators
Get PDFThis article is about the wisdom and justifications of asking forgiveness of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) from the point of view of the commentators of the fariqin. This article has investigated the aforementioned topic with a descriptive-analytical and comparative method and found that the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) is infallible and because of his infallibility, he is not guilty of any conventional sins. Therefore, if there are materials indicating that it is a sin, those materials should be interpreted and should not be attributed to conventional and conventional sin. Also, a question will be created in the minds of some people that if the Prophet of God is innocent, why would you be ordered to forgive, like people, it can be said: in the verses where the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family and peace be upon him) asked for forgiveness from sins, has been done, it does not mean that the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) has committed a sin, but there is wisdom and justification in the forgiveness of the Messenger of God, which can be obtained by reading this article
Libyan Novelist Ibrahim Al-Koni 'Pioneer of the Desert Literature': His Life, Achievements Theme and Style in Writing the Arabic Novel
Get PDFمن المعلوم أن العصر الحديث الذي يمتدّ من حملة نابليون على مصر عام 1798م إلى يومنا هذا، هو عصر مهم للغة العربية وآدابها، فهو عصر غني بالعلوم والمعارف. قد تطور فيه كثير من العلوم واستحدث عديد من الفنون وازدهر متنوع من المعارف كأنه هو انفجار من العلوم والمعارف، فنبغ عدد كبير من العلماء والباحثين، وظهر أعلام الفن وأقطاب العلم والأدب الذين أدّوا دوراً مهماً في إثراء خزينة من العلم وقدموا إسهامات جليلة لإعداد تراث أدبي عظيم. ومن أهم هؤلاء الأدباء الكاتب الليبي إبراهيم الكوني. الذي يلقب ب"رائد أدب الصحراء". وفي هذا البحث سألقي الضوء على حياة الروائي الليبي الشهير إبراهيم الكوني وأقدم جوانب مختلفة عن حياته الأدبية، وأسلط الضوء على انجازاته وأسلوبه الذي اختاره الكاتب هذا في إبداعاته. Ibrahim Al-Koni (إبراهيم الكوني) is a Libyan writer known for his works encompassing novels, literary, critical, and linguistic studies, as well as themes related to history and politics. The French magazine Lire recognized him as one of the fifty most prominent contemporary international novelists. He gained praise from cultural, critical, academic, and official circles in Europe, America, and Japan, earning multiple Nobel Prize nominations. Notably, he was featured in a Swiss book commemorating prominent individuals residing in Switzerland. He holds the distinction of being the sole writer from the Middle East and North Africa region and the only one from the Third World in this publication. In 1998, he achieved a significant cultural milestone as the first foreigner chosen as an honorary member of a delegation led by the Swiss President, during Switzerland's guest of honor status at the fiftieth jubilee of the Frankfurt International Book Fair. With an impressive literary output of 81 books, his works have been translated into nearly 40 languages worldwide. Many universities, including the Sorbonne University, the University of Tokyo, and Georgetown University, include his works in their curricula, and they serve as essential reference material for research studies aimed at obtaining academic degrees. In the early seventies, when Ibrahim Al-Koni was studying at the Gorky Institute of Literature, the prevailing theory was that the novel was an urban genre, largely influenced by Georg Lukács's theory. According to this perspective, novels were inherently linked to city life. However, Ibrahim Al-Koni defined this theory by crafting vast desert novels and epics. His literary works are deeply rooted in the world of the desert, characterized by its harshness, austerity, and its profound connection to the essence of the universe. The majority of his novels explore the fundamental relationship between humans and the desert's nature, its resources, and its realm governed by inexorable destiny and inescapable fate. His literary and fictional work is rooted in a set of constrained elements, focusing on the desert world with its elements of scarcity, vastness, harshness, and its profound connection to the essence of the universe and existence. The majority of his novels center on exploring the essence of the relationship between humans and the nature of the desert, its resources, and the world it inhabits, all governed by inescapable destiny and irrevocable fate. Al-Koni expresses, 'The desert harbors both sorrow and poetry. Poetry serves as the tears shed by those traversing its expanse, offering refuge from lamenting our existential struggles.' He further emphasizes his affection for writing in the Arabic language, appreciating not only its richness and its capacity to convey the essence of the desert but also its unique ability to articulate the innermost whispers of the soul. In this article, I have attempted to shed light on his literary life and contribution to Arabic Literature. This paper also discusses the style and themes of his literary works
El-Ustaz Abdullah bn Foduye`s School, Methodology and Sources in Arabic Grammar
Get PDFهذه المقالة بعنوان: 'الأستاذ عبد الله بن فودي: مذهبه ومنهجه ومصادره في النحو العربي' تهدف إلى الحديث عن نبذة تاريخية عن حياة الأستاذ عبد الله بن فودي، بالتركيز على نشأته العلمية، مع ذكر أصله وقبيلته وأسرته، كما سلط الضوء على إسهاماته في الدراسات النحوية وأشارت إلى الكتب التي ألفها في النحو العربي وكذلك المنهج الذي اتبعه في تأليفاته في هذا الفن، وهكذا أفادت بالمصادر التي اعتمد عليها في ذلك.This research titled: 'el-Ustaz Abdullah bn Foduye, His school, methodology and sources in Arabic Grammar' aims to discuss the biography of Abdullahi bn Foduye by giving historical background on his tribe, family and early life, it also highlights his contributions in Arabic grammar, by mentioning the books written by him in this field as well as the style followed by him in those writings. The research also pointed out the references he used in the grammatical authoring system
Identification of Dowry (Mahr) in Islam
Get PDFThis research aims to define dowry literally and idiomatically in Islam, the proof of dowry in the light of the Holy Quran and Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him), as well as shed light with proofs on types of dowries, suitable dowry, deferred dowry, and prompt dowry. In the same order, the research discussed the opinions of the Islamic jurists and the reasons for the fall of the dowry, as well as the definition of solitude. This means that solitude is no emotional or physical obstacle for the wife or husband. Also, some of the articles related to dowry mentioned in the civil law of Afghanistan have been cited in this research. Alongside the types of women's periods, such as the period of a pregnant woman, the period of a non-pregnant woman, and a woman who does not have a menstrual illness, other related issues have been mentioned in detail