Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
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The Karzai Administration: Challenges, Achievements, and Controversies
Get PDFIn October 2004, Karzai assumed the presidency through a constitutional mandate, raising hopes for political stability, ethnic reconciliation, and effective governance. However, his tenure was marred by entrenched political rivalries, ethnic tensions, governance challenges, military escalations, and rampant corruption, which overshadowed his ability to fulfill the promises of his presidency. This article aims to analyze the political legacy of Hamid Karzai's thirteen-year rule, shedding light on his governance approach and unmet commitments. Despite initial expectations of strong leadership, Karzai's tenure was marked by persistent political discord, ethnic fragmentation, and governance deficiencies. While his presidency achieved significant milestones, such as constitutional reforms and electoral processes, it fell short in addressing systemic issues, including corruption and security concerns. Through an examination of Karzai's political trajectory, this article seeks to illuminate the complexities of governing Afghanistan amidst formidable challenges, ultimately evaluating the effectiveness of his leadership during a tumultuous era of transition and turmoil
Paradoxes of a Conventional Society: A Study of Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist and Benard Shaw’s Heartbreak House
Get PDFDrama is a cognitive process and means of concretely translating abstract ideas into reality. It provides a vent for dramatists to vividly capture the rhythms of life in their societies. From the eons of time, the modus operandi of drama has placed it on a pedestal of a gadfly that prods, points and comments on the realities of its time. It is, therefore, pertinent to say that the mind of the dramatist is fertilized by the various social, economic cum political realities that are operational within the domain of his/her existence. This study focuses on two English plays; namely Ben Jonson’s Elizabethan play, The Alchemist, and George Benard Shaw’s modern drama- Heartbreak House. The selection of these models is anchored on the staggering power of their authors to detect the symptoms of social diseases that are present in their societies at their moments of writing and which by their being exacerbated in our own time, appear transhistorical in nature. The objectives of this study are to highlight the contradictory qualities and properties (paradoxes) of a modern society; one that seeks growth in all ramifications (education, politics, science, among others) and yet finds solace in mundaneness as exemplified by the two plays. The second objective is to comparatively look at the realities in the world of the two plays and what is obtainable now in our own age. Therefore, the interpretation of the past and the new meanings of the present will be juxtaposed and evaluated. Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory will provide frame of reference for the study while interpretive approach shall be content analysis
Child in Conflict with Law in India: Changing Concerns and Constraints
Get PDFThe irrefutable presumption that a child is innocent and incapable of committing any crime is refuted when that child commits a crime. These individuals are referred to as juveniles because they are not yet deemed mature enough to be held accountable for their actions in committing a crime. This article examines the various aspects of juvenile delinquency in India, with a particular emphasis on the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study examines the laws, organizations, and social and economic elements that influence the development of juvenile justice in this heavily populated and diversified state. The research endeavours to illuminate the effectiveness of juvenile justice policies and procedures by employing a blend of legal analysis, empirical research, and case studies. The research utilizes a broad interdisciplinary approach to examine the underlying causes, prevalent patterns, and socio-economic factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. The study seeks to reveal the distinct contextual elements that impact rates of adolescent delinquency. Furthermore, it examines the efficacy of current rehabilitation and intervention programs, doing a thorough evaluation of their influence on the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. The paper aims to provide significant insights to the academic discussion and policy formulation about juvenile justice in India. In the fast-changing contemporary landscape, it is necessary to periodically update the rules pertaining to juvenile justice and the imperative of safeguarding and nurturing them. Although the 2021 Amendment law has been officially published in the gazette, it is still pending enforcement by the central authority. In theory, the process of identifying answers and making necessary changes to the law is one aspect. However, the crucial point that remains is the timing and the level of effectiveness at which these changes will be put into practice and considered successful
Administrative and Economic Systems of the Mughal Empire: A Historical Analysis of Governance and Revenue Policies
Get PDFThe Mughal Dynasty commenced in 1526, led by the esteemed Babur, who is renowned as the pioneer and founder of Indian civilization through the process of unification. Due to its vast territorial reach from Kabul to Bengal, with natural boundaries such as the Arabian Sea and Himalayas, this dynasty was able to establish sophisticated formal institutions that surpassed those of other empires worldwide at that time. This study examines the complex governance system of The Mughal Empire, with a focus on the reigns of Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Aurangzeb. Abul-Fazl Ibn Mubarak, a prominent historian during Akbar's reign, elucidated the Mughals' adoption of the dual strategies of 'JahanBani' (state maintenance) and 'Jahangiri' (imperial expansion). The article also examines Akbar's reforms in land revenue systems, which aimed to provide uniformity and economic stability in order to sustain the Empire's prosperity. The inclusion of women in the Mughal court is examined to highlight their cultural, political, and social achievements. This examination thoroughly explores the functioning of the Mughal administration and how it effectively maintained the empire's supremacy
DESCRIBING SCIENCE MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SUBANEN LEARNERS USING COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
Get PDFThis research delved into the impact of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) on enhancing science education among Senior High School (SHS) Subanen learners. The incorporation of CAI revealed a significant surge in motivation (mean score of 4.80) and a noteworthy improvement in academic achievement (14% increase in Mean Percentage Score in post-tests) among SHS Subanen students. The study identified a substantial correlation between science motivation and academic achievement among senior high school Subanen learners utilizing CAI. Furthermore, a notable difference in the academic performance of SHS Subanen learners emerged between the pre-test and post-test results when employing CAI. According to SHS Subanen learners, the integration of CAI in their science classes rendered lessons more engaging and comprehensible, attributing this to the incorporation of images, videos, and other interactive learning resources. Despite the positive outcomes, SHS Subanen learners faced challenges during the integration of CAI, including power interruptions, an extensive curriculum, and headaches due to prolonged computer exposure. To overcome these difficulties, students employed strategies such as reviewing topics through computer browsing, approaching challenges with a love for learning, and incorporating relaxation techniques into their study routines
Unveiling the Dynamics of Religion and Social Cohesion in Kabul: Perspectives from Kabul University Academics
Get PDFThis study delves into the complex relationship between religion and social solidarity among professors at Kabul University, aiming to uncover the factors influencing community cohesion within the academic environment. Employing a mixed-methods approach, documentary research and field surveys were conducted to gather data. The primary instrument, a structured questionnaire, captured personal demographics and assessed respondents' perspectives on various dimensions of religion. Through expert consultations and pilot testing, questionnaire validity and reliability were ensured. Descriptive analysis revealed significant correlations between social cohesion and dimensions of religious beliefs, norms, rituals, and individual religiosity. Furthermore, regression analysis unveiled noteworthy findings: religiosity positively influenced social cohesion, with a significant coefficient (B = 0.422, p < 0.05), while norms derived from religious teachings exhibited a non-significant effect (B = 0.072, p > 0.05) on social behavior. Additionally, ethnic diversity within the university community had varying impacts on social solidarity, with significant coefficients for Tajik and Hazara ethnic groups. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between religion, ethnicity, and social cohesion within academic settings, offering valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and scholars seeking to foster inclusivity and collective well-being in diverse urban contexts
Unraveling the Dynamics: Understanding the Process of Students Learning in Classroom Management at Balkh University
Get PDFThe paper's primary focus revolves around the pivotal role of effective classroom management in creating an optimal learning environment for students within the English department of an education faculty. Employing field research and a questionnaire, the researchers sought to gauge the significance of classroom management, drawing insights from the experiences and background knowledge of 105 students in their third and fourth years. The study identified key components for successful classroom management, encompassing curriculum and instructional aspects, teacher behavior, and the integration of management technology. The findings underscore the students' recognition of the critical importance of managing the classroom to ensure the smooth execution of learning activities and foster positive learning outcomes. The research advocates for teachers to prioritize various elements such as rule enforcement, strategic lesson planning, and active involvement in assessment processes. The paper concludes by asserting that language teachers must be attentive to the nuances of effective classroom management in their teaching practices, with the hope that the research's outcomes will serve as a valuable resource for language educators seeking to enhance their teaching methodologies
Addressing the Challenge of Overexploitation of Natural Resources in Pursuit of Development
Get PDFIndia possesses abundant natural resources including fertile soil, lush forests, rivers, and significant mineral deposits. However, the rapid pace of development in India has placed immense pressure on these resources. This paper aims to illustrate how the excessive exploitation of natural resources has adversely impacted the health and well-being of the population. The primary objective is to advocate for sustainable development practices to enhance living standards while preserving the environment. Environmental degradation occurs when human-induced pollution surpasses the environment's capacity to absorb it, leading to an inability to sustain life. Through analysis of the causes and consequences of environmental degradation on human beings, this paper highlights the detrimental effects of luxurious lifestyles, high consumption rates, and intensive production processes on critical environmental functions such as resource supply and waste assimilation. Many natural resources have already been depleted due to unrestrained exploitation, while the generation of waste from production and consumption has exceeded the environment's capacity for absorption. This study utilizes a descriptive approach based on secondary sources, including published books, government records and reports, as well as relevant journals and internet resources
Reflection Of Good Governance in Kutadgu Bilig
Get PDFThe Qarakhanid dynasty contributed two significant scientific works to humanity: Yusuf Khas Hajeb's "Kutadgu Bilig" and Mahmud Al-Kashghari's "Diwan Lughat al-Turk." Kutadgu Bilig is an illustrious tome replete with insights on state administration, politics, utopian ideals, philosophy, and science. Moreover, it functions as an educational narrative that retains significant value in contemporary times. This book, authored by the Kagans, imparts teachings that encompass the secrets of knowledge, philosophy, ethics, and societal regulations. Composed a millennium ago, these two volumes, regarded as invaluable artifacts, have endured through the ages. Kutadgu Bilig thoroughly examines the administrative conditions, organizational structure, social hierarchies, and customs of the Qarakhanid period. The book examines politics, state administration, administrative organization, and traditions of the Qarakhanid period through an engaging narrative, informed accounts, and delightful tales
History and Development of Death Sentencing in Indonesia: Current Policy and Regulations
Get PDFThe controversies on death sentencing are not new. The debates over the existence of death sentencing policies and regulations can be flashed back to the existence of human beings. Many instruments have been created, discussed, and agreed upon to protect the use of death penalty sentencing through manifesting human rights. Death sentencing, under the current view, cannot be seen and treated outside the scope of human rights issues. Indonesia has issued Law No.1 of 2023 regarding the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, many countries have tried to abolish the use of death sentencing, and this new law on criminal law has incorporated death sentencing in its provisions and applications by courts. The research aims to discuss the death sentencing policies and regulations in Indonesia before and after the new Criminal Code issuance in 2023. The research is normative legal research that discusses death sentencing in Indonesia. The data used in this research are secondary, which consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. Primary legal sources will consist of laws and regulations that were and are currently applicable. Secondary legal sources are writings and journal articles that discuss death sentencing in Indonesia, besides Law No.1 of 2023. Tertiary legal sources are other sources outside the above scope that may be useful to provide more understanding of the subject matters, such as web-based sources. Analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach to describe and explain the conceptual norm and its application to death sentencing. Findings and discussion proved that irrespective of the debate over the morality of death sentencing, Indonesia still recognized the use of death sentencing in some instances, such as premeditated murder, corruption, terrorism, narcotics, and illegal drug trafficking. They came from court decisions that followed prior laws and legislations before promulgating the new Criminal Code 2023