Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
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College Students' Perception and Attitude Towards Social Media for Enhancing Learning
Full text linkIntegrating social media into education has revolutionized traditional pedagogical practices, facilitating interactive, student-centered learning environments. This study investigates the attitudes and perceptions of students regarding Facebook, YouTube, and Messenger as learning instruments. However, challenges such as distractions, misinformation, and the digital divide remain significant concerns. The study employs a descriptive research design, collecting data from 60 sociology students through structured questionnaires. Findings indicate a very positive sentiment towards social media being utilized to support learning. Facebook is primarily used for communications, interactive learning, and sharing learning materials, but less to receive immediate feedback. Messenger is viewed positively in communications, collaboration, and quick feedback, but negatively for sharing learning materials. YouTube is highly appreciated for independent learning, learning support, and acquiring educational resources, with comparatively lower enthusiasm to share content. Students tend to have high adoption of social media, particularly YouTube and Messenger, in supporting various aspects of learning
Examining Private School Teachers as Subjects of Workplace Spirituality in Mediating the Link Between Spiritual Leadership and Teacher Agility
Full text linkExamining the relationship between spiritual leadership (SL), workplace spirituality (WPS), and teacher agility is the goal of this study. The research sample was teachers at senior high schools and vocational high schools under the auspices of the Yohanes Gabriel Foundation, Surabaya Diocese which operates in Madiun City, totaling 50 teachers. The data collection technique uses two methods, namely distributing questionnaires directly and using an online survey via Google Forms. Two methodologies were used in the data analysis procedure to achieve the research objectives: descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis SEM-PLS. The results of the hypothesis test indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between WPS and teacher agility and a positive and significant relationship between SL and WPS. The novelty of this research is the role of WPS in perfectly mediating the link between SL and teacher agility. The results of this study have consequences for educational institutions that want to improve their spiritual leadership practices to create a more spiritual workplace, which will increase the adaptability of their teachers
Dapitan in Rizal’s Time: A Criticism of his Poems
Full text linkThis study critically examines the socio-political, economic, and religious conditions of Dapitan during Dr. Jose P. Rizal’s exile (1892–1896) through an analysis of five poems he composed in the city: Hymn to Talisay, Josephine, Josephine, The Song of the Traveller, To Don Ricardo Carnicero, and My Retreat. Using historical criticism as a framework, the study contextualizes these literary works within the colonial period, revealing their significance in understanding the lived experiences of Dapitanons under Spanish rule. The findings highlight Rizal’s depiction of Dapitan as a place of solitude and intellectual growth, reflecting his ideals of education, nationalism, and resilience amid oppression. His poems illustrate the transformation of Dapitan from a neglected settlement into a flourishing community through his civic initiatives in education, infrastructure, and agriculture. Additionally, the study identifies themes of nostalgia, social injustice, and hope for liberation embedded in Rizal’s poetic expressions. The research underscores how literature serves as a historical artifact, offering insights into the socio-political realities of its time. Furthermore, the study recommends the integration of Rizal’s lesser-known works into academic curricula to deepen students’ appreciation of his contributions beyond Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Ultimately, this research enriches the discourse on Rizal’s legacy in Dapitan and reinforces the enduring relevance of his writings in fostering nationalism and historical consciousness
Ukraine’s Security Architecture After Ceasefire: U.S. Commitments and the Future of European Defense
Full text linkThis study analyzes the security architecture of Ukraine, which evolved after the termination of hostilities and specifically, how the U.S. engagements with Ukraine affect their security. The first aims to examine the changing nature of Ukrainian security environment in the post ceasefire era, to examine the role played by the United States in the Ukrainian defence posture and to examine the consequences thereof to the structure of European defence systems, particularly NATO. The discussion is based on two theoretical approaches: Neorealism, which predicts the relationship of power and the desire of the states to find safety, and Complex Interdependence Theory, which emphasizes the cooperation of multilateralism and non-war aspects of security. The results show that there is a major change in the security architecture in Ukraine due to both the internal and external assistance, with most of this support coming through the United States and European supporters. The United States has a key role in modernizing the defence and aligning Ukraine strategic direction with NATO as the European defence approaches are shifting to greater independence and capability. Despite these developments, the paper identifies the ongoing threats due to Russian aggression, internal governance challenges and the need to have strong international collaboration to maintain stability. In summary, despite the fact that the security perspective of Ukraine has been enhanced by the process of reform and foreign support, the further stability on the long-term basis requires reduction of the internal vulnerabilities and the external threats. The European defence path will then be predominantly hinged on the balances between the NATO commitments and the strategic autonomy and technological innovations
United States of America’s Counterterrorism Policy and the Evolution of Global Threats
Full text linkThe research question explored in this paper is how the counter-terrorism (CT) policy of the United States has grown over the years in response to changing global order in a manner that is prompted by a critical evaluation of the traditional security policies as part of the growing dynamics of hybrid and non-traditional threats. It assesses the way U.S. strategies have evolved to be less militarized in the post-9/11 paradigm to consider a growing range of threats, such as cyberterrorism, domestic extremism, and strategic competition with state actors, such as Russia and China. The main objective is to determine the consistency, flexibility, and effectiveness of the U.S. counter-terrorism policies and strike a balance between the national security demands and democratic principles. The research methodology is qualitative, based on document-based research, combining policy documents, academic literature, and case studies. It is theoretically grounded by Realism, Constructivism and Securitization Theory that explain how power interacts, how identities are formed and how security threats are framed which in turn enables one to see how perception regarding threats is socially constructed and subsequently affects policy responses. Results show that, despite the U.S. CT efforts disrupting international terrorist networks, it is still disjointed across administrations, overly dependent on military tools, and is ever more out of sync with the emergence of domestic and cyber-based threats. The strategic effectiveness is also undermined by trade-offs of civil liberties, institutional inertia and inconsistent multilateral participation. The paper will end with a recommendation of a whole-of-government approach based on prevention, resiliency, oversight, and multilateral coordination. The democratic accountability and adaptability should be prioritised in future policies in order to maintain the efficacy in an increasingly multipolar and digitised threat environment
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF USING YOUTUBE AND INSTAGRAM ON ENHANCING EFL BACHELOR STUDENTS' LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Full text linkSocial media are digital platforms used to share content and communicate with others; it plays an important role in students' lives. This study explores the effectiveness of using social media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram in teaching and learning English for non-English speakers. In particular, this quantitative study investigates the impact of social media videos on improving their listening comprehension skills. Moreover, the study also investigates the teachers’ perspective on implementing social media channels as an English language teaching tool. The reliability and accuracy of using social media as a teaching and learning tool were checked against a survey study conducted on EFL students at different universities in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 47 students were selected randomly and divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. In the beginning, all students were tested according to the Oxford Standard English test to determine their listening proficiency level. After that, the use of social media was implemented in lecturing the listening skills of the experimental group while the controlled group used the traditional audio teaching methods. The analysis of the experimental results using the SPSS revealed that the use of digital channels as a learning tool enhances the listening comprehension of EFL Saudi students. Therefore, it is recommended to use audio-visual clips in listening classes rather than traditional audio clips
Cryptocurrencies and Zakat Applicability: An Analysis of the Fatwa Genre
Full text linkThis article examines whether zakat is applicable to cryptocurrencies via a study of the fatwa genre on this topic. Fatwas from seven legal specialists in the Muslim world will be examined. These juristic opinions range from considering cryptocurrencies to be permissible to those that consider it prohibited. However, across this spectrum these authorities argue for zakat application to cryptocurrencies. The analysis will isolate and identify the relevant proof texts and principles relied upon. It will be shown that a unifying theme across the fatwa genre is of how thamaniyya is vital in linking cryptocurrencies to zakat-applicability. The study concludes that Islamic Finance successfully contains a theoretic concept, namely thamaniyya, that can help Muslim scholarship engage with advancements in cryptocurrencies regardless of future technological innovations. This study is novel for focusing on fatwa analysis through a theoretical orientation. This article sheds light on how contemporary fatwas are used in the field of Islamic Finance to negotiate between the jurisprudential tradition and cutting-edge developments in cryptocurrencies. The study is limited in not considering socio-political factors in the analysis. It is hoped the results of this study can highlight how disparate legal opinions in Islamic Finance actually share common ground
Bismarck’s Foreign Policy from The Formation of The German Empire to the 1878 Congress of Berlin as Reflected in Russian Public Opinion
Full text linkThe paper provides an analysis of Bismarck's foreign policy from the establishment of the German Empire in 1871 to the Congress of Berlin in 1878, viewed through the lens of Russian public opinion. Throughout this period, Bismarck aimed to preserve equilibrium in Europe while prioritizing German strategic interests, particularly by thwarting the establishment of an anti-German coalition. The Three Emperors' League, comprising Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, first presented an image of collaboration; nevertheless, it ultimately demonstrated ineffectiveness throughout the Balkan crises. The Herzegovinian insurrection of 1875 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 revealed significant tensions between Austria-Hungary and Russia, but Germany sought to navigate its alliances without substantial direct engagement. Gradually, Russian public opinion began to regard Germany as a dependable partner and recognized a clear diminishment of Bismarck's influence due to the absence of German support during the Eastern Crisis. The study elucidates the understanding of German policy by Russian publications and political spheres, ultimately concluding that Bismarck prioritized German interests over alliance obligations. In 1878, the Congress of Berlin exacerbated Russian grievances as German diplomacy imposed unfavorable geographical modifications contrary to Russian interests. The data clearly demonstrates the profound fragility of European alliances in the 19th century and the insufficiency of diplomatic agreements to resolve geopolitical conflicts
Creating and Validating an Audio-Visual Scale for Assessing Teachers' Classroom Management Competency
Full text linkAudiovisual learning is crucial in the education system, enhancing the teaching and learning process. They serve as effective tools for disseminating knowledge and offer a dynamic information system. The study aims to develop and evaluate an audio-visual learning scale based on teachers’ classroom management strategies and also assess the current state of audio-visual learning availability and usage in the teaching learning process. In this study, a questionnaire was designed to develop the audio-visual scale on teachers’ classroom management approaches, with 28 items applied to 100 teachers and the remaining 25 items applied to 360 teachers in West Bengal, India. The study was analysed using mean, standard deviation, t-test for item analysis, and Cronbach's alpha for measuring item reliability on various items and data. The final scale is made from each statement, and the conclusion is that 23 items are perfect for measuring the audio-visual learning scale related to classroom management, which plays a crucial role in teaching
ALS TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE AND ATTITUDE: TOWARD A TEACHER DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
Full text linkEquipping Alternative Learning System (ALS) students with 21st-century skills requires mobile teachers with knowledge in technology utilization, content understanding, and lesson delivery. Thus, this study examined the relationship between ALS teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and students’ performance and attitude towards schooling. The research aimed to determine whether teachers' TPACK significantly influences student outcomes to eventually propose a framework for teacher development. A total of 162 ALS teachers and 387 students participated in the study. The research employed descriptive and correlational methods, utilizing documentary analysis and validated questionnaires. Data were statistically treated using weighted mean and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. Findings revealed that ALS teachers possessed a “good” level of TPACK, while students exhibited a generally “favorable” attitude towards schooling and achieved “fairly satisfactory” performance in the Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E) Test. Despite these outcomes, statistical analysis indicated that the TPACK of ALS teachers had a non-significant correlation with students’ attitude and only a low, non-significant correlation with students’ performance in the A&E Test. These results suggest that while teachers possess essential instructional competencies, these do not significantly influence student achievement and disposition toward schooling in the ALS context. The study recommends the adoption of the Enriched Instructional Framework for Mobile Teachers’ Development (EIFMT) to enhance pedagogical practices and integrate more effective technological applications. This framework is envisioned to transform students’ attitudes to “highly favorable” and improve A&E test performance to “highly satisfactory.” Strengthened support from school administrators, supervisors, and parent-teacher associations is essential in the implementation of this framework to optimize student-learning outcomes in the ALS program