Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
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Ozone effect on morphology erythrocytes and leukocytes in whole blood in vitro
Full text linkClinical studies showed gas ozone use is safe; the blood cells can enzymatically control a certain number of antioxidant molecules; in low concentrations, these mechanisms can be triggered, turned on, and stimulated by other leukocyte mechanisms of defense. To observe the effect of ozone on blood erythrocytes and white blood cells when are exposed to therapeutic doses of ozone at concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 90 µL/mL) in volunteer subjects. Blood samples were exposed to concentrations of ozone (20, 40, 60, and 90 µl/mL), evaluated in a hematometer, and blood stains. An alteration in the morphology of leukocyte and erythrocyte cells was observed in blood samples of all concentrations, with statistical significance for neutrophils and monocytes. Ozone in blood in vitro causes a morphological affectation of erythrocytes, monocytes and neutrophil
NIGERIA’S DEBT PROFILE WITH CHINA 2006-2021
Full text linkThis study examines the dynamics of Nigeria-China debt relations between 2006 and 2021, focusing on the evolution, implications, and sustainability of Chinese loans to Nigeria. Over this period, China emerged as one of Nigeria's most significant bilateral creditors, providing concessional loans primarily for infrastructure development in sectors such as transportation, energy, and telecommunications. These loans were instrumental in bridging Nigeria’s critical infrastructure gaps and fostering economic growth. However, they also led to an increased debt burden, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability, debt servicing capacity, and economic sovereignty. The research adopts a time-series design to analyse trends in Nigeria’s external debt profile and incorporates both primary data from key informant interviews and secondary data from institutional sources. It identifies the processes, terms, and conditions of Chinese loans and evaluates their economic impact, transparency, and risks of dependency. Findings indicate that while Chinese loans have contributed significantly to Nigeria's infrastructure development, the growing debt servicing obligations, coupled with a lack of transparency and over-reliance on external financing, pose challenges to Nigeria's long-term financial stability. The study recommends diversified debt sources, enhanced transparency, and strengthened debt management frameworks to mitigate risks associated with Chinese loans. It underscores the need for policy strategies that balance the benefits of international financing with the imperatives of economic sovereignty and sustainable development
Success and Failure Determinants of Small Businesses: Evidence from Qardho, Puntland, Somalia
Full text linkThis paper explores the success and failure determinants of small businesses in Qardho, Puntland, Somalia, and specifically, how the internal and external factors can affect the business performance. A survey was conducted on a sample of 150 owner-managers of small firms in that a structured questionnaire was distributed in a cross-sectional, quantitative design. The analysis of reliability showed acceptable internal consistency on all scales. Descriptive findings showed that there was a moderate agreement on the significance of internal capabilities, i.e., management skills, planning, innovation as well as financial control and a strong agreement in terms of external conditions (availability of finance, infrastructure development, and regulatory support). Correlational analysis established a positive relationship between internal and external success factors and business performance as well as negative relationship between the perceived risks of failure and the success factors. The multidimensional regression analysis also showed that the external factors used were a strong predictor of the performance (β =.426, p =.001) as it predicted 25.4 percent of the variance, but the internal competencies and perceived risk of failure did not have a significant effect on performance. In general, the results highlight that the performance of Qardho SMEs largely relies on the external business environment and that the financing schemes, infrastructures, and favorable policies and skills in managerial positions should be improved. The research adds to the scanty existing empirical evidence on the topic of SMEs in Puntland and provides recommendations to policy makers, practitioners, and researchers interested in enhancing the resilience and development of local enterprises
Innovations in Marine Biotechnology and Their Role in Advancing a Sustainable Blue Economy
Full text linkThis study investigates marine biotechnology as an emerging technology to pursue a sustainable Blue Economy with regard to the innovation that drives growth in the economy and preserves the marine biodiversity. The research questions involve: how marine biotechnology can improve sustainable practices in the Blue Economy, its economic costs, ecological, and social impact, and policy framework to scale such innovations in coast and marine resources governance practices. The study is anchored on three theoretical frameworks that are Ecological Economics, Innovation Systems Theory, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The set of frameworks can be used to obtain an insight of the equilibrium between environmental conservation and technological advancement in the marine sectors. The conclusion indicates that marine biotechnology is key in developing fresh hubs of economic activities, including drugs and sustainable aquaculture, besides alleviating environmental degradation via bioremediation and the preservation of biodiversity. Nevertheless, issues of technology constraints, gaps in regulations and ethics of bioprospecting and genetic modification still exist. As part of advancing its potential value to sustainable development, the study suggests an improvement in policy frames, increased international partnerships as well as the adoption of ethical principles in the application of marine biotechnology. This study highlights a multi-action set of measures to enhance the sustainable exploitation of the marine sources, with some hints on possible outcomes of marine biotechnology in going forward with the Blue Economy
Metacognitive strategies on reading comprehension and academic performance in purposive communication among the students of JRMSU - Katipunan Campus
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the reading comprehension metacognitive techniques and their correlation with academic performance in purposeful communication among Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Katipunan Campus students in the academic year 2024–2025.The research methodology used was descriptive correlational. One hundred seventy-seven (177) people participated. JAMOVI was the statistical program utilized, and the statistical techniques that were employed were the weighted mean, standard deviation, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (Spearman-RHO). Metacognitive methods were prevalent prior to, during, and following reading. Academic performance was at a good level. Academic performance and the metacognitive methods used for reading comprehension showed a substantial negative small/low connection. Based on the results, the author suggests that the Board of Regents, via the Deans and Campus Directors, use this study as a basis for potential improvements to the university's academic policy. The study's conclusions would be used by the educators to reflect and enhance their lesson plans. Through this study, the students will be able to understand how important metacognitive methods are for both academic success and reading comprehension
Attaining Educational Objectives in Secondary Schools in Cameroon’s Kupe-Muanenguba Division: Are Administrative and Fiscal Reform Efforts Making a Difference?
Full text linkAs a means of tailoring practice to enhance the attainment of educational objectives at minimal cost, Cameroon’s educational system, like those of many other countries, is undergoing modification through the implementation of policy reforms that have had diverse impacts on the educational landscape. This study investigated the extent to which ongoing administrative and fiscal reforms influence the attainment of educational objectives in secondary schools in the Kupe-Muanenguba Division of Cameroon. Guided by Goal Setting Theory, which posits that clearly defined and challenging goals enhance performance, the study examined whether governance reforms aimed at improving administrative efficiency and financial governance are being effectively implemented, and whether they facilitate measurable improvements in areas such as civic values, bilingualism, vocational skills, and infrastructure. A correlational survey design was used, with questionnaire as means for data collection. Data were collected from 193 teachers across government and mission schools and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicate that while educational objectives are moderately attained overall (M = 3.10), critical areas such as bilingual education, vocational training, and digital integration remain underdeveloped. Administrative reforms were rated as moderately implemented (M = 2.75), with notable gaps in leadership and teacher development, while fiscal reforms showed a higher level of implementation (M = 3.50), particularly in financial accountability. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between both administrative (r = .363, p < .01) and fiscal reforms (r = .421, p < .01) and the attainment of educational objectives, highlighting the importance of governance reforms in school improvement. To fully realise these benefits, the study recommends prioritising capacity-building for school leaders and teachers, especially in transformational leadership and digital pedagogy, and strengthening bilingual and vocational education through targeted language support and contextually relevant skills training. The findings provide practical insights for policymakers and education stakeholders aiming to enhance reform outcomes in Cameroon and other Sub-Saharan African contexts
Communicative Behavior and Academic Performance among Bachelor of Secondary Education Students Major in Filipino Language at the College of Teacher Education
Full text linkThis study examined the link between communicative behavior and academic performance among Bachelor of Secondary Education students majoring in Filipino Language at the College of Teacher Education. Communicative behavior is crucial for developing language skills and is a vital component of the teaching and learning process. The researchers employed a quantitative approach, using a questionnaire to evaluate students' communicative behavior and link it to their academic performance. The study involved 57 students selected through total enumeration sampling. Researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings showed no significant difference in communicative behavior based on curriculum year level. However, there were significant differences related to age and ethnicity. Students generally performed well academically, but no significant relationship appeared between academic performance and communicative behavior in the "passive" and "adaptive" categories. In contrast, a significant relationship was found in the "aggressive" behavior category. The study suggests promoting positive aggressive communication styles and considering students' ethnic backgrounds to improve teaching strategies
Multi-Purpose Table with Educational Peekaboo Toy Box
Full text linkThe beginning of the twenty-first century was marked with unprecedented migrations in the world that has changed the concept of home, belonging, and identity. Bharati Mukherjee and Meena Alexander are two of the key characters who argue on the multidimensionality of the diasporic consciousness in this shifting environment. South Asian origin and sense of acute exile, although both of them share them, take different directions in literary paths. Mukherjee fiction is a radicalized acceptance of assimilation and self-inventing and fetishizes the innovation of a new American identity through breaking and remaking. In his turn, Alexander texts are done in the manner of the lyrical speculations on fragmentation, memory and emotion bargaining of existence between worlds. In this paper, the author draws parallels between the manner in which both authors trace two distinct different diasporic cartographies Mukherjee by producing narratives of radical cultural transformation, and Alexander a poetics of multiple belonging and without-homelandness. The two halves of the immigrant experience they share are the exaltation of renewal and the agony of being in a transitional state that casts light on the issue of identity under the most mobile world
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development in Nigerian Higher Education: The Need for a Responsive Legal and Regulatory Framework
Full text linkArtificial Intelligence (AI) has brought revolutionary opportunities to the education system across the world, providing new solutions to pedagogy, research, and management processes. In Nigeria, where the education sector is under sieged by limited resources, poor infrastructures and lack of pedagogies, AI presents a channel through which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be accelerated by offering equal access to quality education. However, the implementation and putting AI technologies into practice are still disjointed due to the lack of an all-inclusive legal and regulation framework. This paper explores the current situation with AI in the context of higher education in Nigeria, compares it with the trends in the rest of the world, and critically evaluates the implications on sustainable development. It highlights key legal, ethical, and governance barriers, such as privacy of data, bias in the algorithm, intellectual property, and institutional inefficiency. The paper based on the international best practices claims that a responsive legal and regulatory environment should be promoted not to only enable the responsible innovation of AI, but also to protect the rights of the stakeholders. It is suggested to develop a multi-stakeholder, proactive strategy, which implies cooperation of governmental institutions, universities, and the business world. The article concludes that, without a carefully designed legal framework, Nigeria will not only run the risk of not fully harnessing the transformative ability of AI but also intensify the level of inequalities that already exist in its educational framework. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the laws and innovate policies to make AI a tool of inclusive, ethical, and sustainable development
Leveraging Classroom Learning: Strengthening Instructional Supervision to Foster Teacher Development
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the instructional supervision procedures of public elementary school administrators in District, Tawi-Tawi. The study examined the demographic characteristics of the teacher, the perceived effectiveness of supervisory methods, and the perception of instructional supervision. The research employed a descriptive design-quantitative methodology using a sample of 89 educators from seven institutions. Canada and Ukraine had once employed a modified variant of the supervisory practices tool. The statistical analysis of these variables was conducted utilizing frequency counts, percentages, and mean ranges. A majority of educators concurred that formal supervision was essential, and most indicated they had received regular classroom visits from district personnel involved with the schools. A study illustrated the most prevalent way of office appraisal. The majority of instructors expressed satisfaction with the volume and quality of supervision they receive, however they were somewhat dissatisfied with the degree of organization around collective input. Educators want to engage more intimately with the supervision activities and integrate them into their planning routines. The formality of teachers’ language in supervising teacher development is significant, as it facilitates discourse on the matter, including enhancing the consultations teachers participate in during supervision planning and establishing the frequency of supervision to meet individual teachers' needs effectively. Examples worthy of consideration include the gentle approach of colleague supervision and peer coaching, as well as providing teachers with tailored and individualized frequencies of supervisory experiences. This may result in professional growth and development, as well as the attainment of elevated educational goals for the pupils