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Beyond Humanity: Revisiting the Ethics of Body Politics and Violence Against Women in Partition Literature
Get PDFThe literary, historical, political and cultural stories of the partition which have been created by writers demonstrate that women, regardless of their cultural and religious backgrounds, were the worst affected by the recently recognized India-Pakistan border in 1947. The time period saw numerous forms of violence against women, regardless of any feeling of community. It has been a negative tradition to target all pious things for abusing, and revenging. Women have been regarded as a soft corner for all human beings. The bodies of women have been recognised as a notable tool for abusing and misbehaving. kidnapping stripping, making naked, rapping, deforming, cutting of breasts, engraving with religious symbols, and finally killing of women on the name of creed were witnessed in a great number which was the consequence of partition. The research work intends to give a complete analysis of the values and symbols of women's breasts by drawing on the ideas of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault on power politics. Many literary, cultural, historical, religious, and political texts have used the period as their backdrop. The rhetoric of mother India was framed out of chaos and violence particularly against women and generally against the mass. As a result, it is considered as a movement having wounded breasts as a metaphor for border crossing and as a terrible testament to the history of Partition, endangering the stability of the country. The world witnessed the worst partition in the history of the world. The paper attempts to examine the Partition massacre by focusing on and comprehending female corpses with scratched breasts as abject who break the bounds of normative society and show its flaws in light of Julia Kristen's abjection theory. The values, ethical considerations, political ploys, and communal sensibility presented in this piece may be seen as a terrible repudiation of a brutal decolonization process and as an occultist for feminist resistance. The misery and sadness of maimed women's bodies are used as an illustration of the dialectic between history and the body by authors like Bapsi Sidhwa, Bhishm Sahani, and Khushwant Singh. There is the development of breaches of women's rights
Individualism: Quest for Self-Actualization in The Diviners
Get PDFThe meaning of individualism has shifted over the decades in Canada. Canada was founded as a bilingual country, where individuals were supposedly strongly aligned with the principal and views of their groups and religions. Merriam Webster dictionary defines it as “A theory maintaining the political and economic independence of the individuals and stressing individual initiative action and interests also: conduct on paretic guided by such a theory.” According to Laurence, “To had to deprive them, but if a person does not look after herself in this world. No one else is likely to” (The Stone Angel, 173). Women were not permitted much individualism of any kind. Their economic and social roles were preset. They were not to express their views. They could not wish marriage of her own choice. They had no right regarding children. They were considered less in the matter of employment and payment. They were not open sexually. Indigenous Canadians were certainly not permitted much individualism. They were forced into reserves or back into the bush. They are not capable of being an individual in the way a male like Britishers, or French Canadians are. One of Canadian’s most accomplished writers, Margaret Laurence (1926-87) received many awards, including Canada’s prestigious Governor General’s Literary Award for The Diviners and A Jest of God. The Diviners (1974) was Laurence’s final novel and is considered one of the Classics in Canadian Literature. In her novel, she searches herself when she stands because this last novel is considered her autobiography. She goes through an identity crisis in her life. She explores her routes and identity where she stands. Many of the incidents in her life, her agony, and curiosity to know her routes are well expressed in this novel. In The Diviners, the story of writer, Morag Gunn is true in its spirit to Laurence’s own maturing, is the climate work of the Manawaka cycle. A complex and profound novel, it brings the Scottish pioneers and the metis outcasts of Manawaka together and climates is the joining of the past and present and the affirming of the future person in the person of Pique, the daughter of Morag and Jules Tonnere.
 
The Socio-Political Magnitude of Humanism of Swami Vivekananda
Get PDFBetween 1872 and 1886, when Sri Ramakrishna took his last breath, Belur became a new pilgrimage for people from all walks of life, from the upper classes of English educated Bengalis to the completely uneducated, and Sri Ramakrishna filled the spiritual thirst of everyone who came with true desire. But it was unusual that Sri Ramakrishna's first pick was young people, mostly English educated, and he became the backbone of his spiritual teachings and disseminated his message to the entire globe. Sri Ramakrishna selected Narendra Nath Datta, or simply ‘Noren,' as their leader, and he charged all of these young people with forming a new band of Sanyasins to disseminate the word of Vedanta to every part of the globe. Swami Vivekananda was inducted into his new function by Sri Ramakrishna following a roughly six-year spiritual training from 1881 to 1886. Armed with all of Sri Ramakrishna's divine energy, which he received at Kashipur when he took a vow to fulfill the work of 'Mother' (Divinely ordained task), he ready himself for the new chosen duties, the task of spreading the forest philosophy of Vedanta, the man-making philosophy of the old Indian system, which was held hostage by a few Sanskrit-knowing priests. Swami Vivekananda was a bridge figure among both East and West because of his English education, prior Brahma Samajist connection, and spiritual instruction under Sri Ramakrishna. After reviewing the existing socio-religious and economic situation for nearly seven years (August 1886-May 1893) and visiting every nook and cranny of the country, he discovered that the country was drenched in deep dogmatism, superstition, and ignorance spread in the name of religion, and was more dead than alive. People's thoughts were captivated with local rituals and superstitions in the guise of spirituality and religion, and they were thoroughly immersed in lethargy and unable to accomplish any real work. Slavery for hundreds of years and the imparting of British education had permanently shattered their confidence. People's physical power has been reduced by abject poverty, preventing them from having higher and noble thoughts.
 
Representation of Religion in Nepali Brihat Shabdakosh- (2075)
Get PDFNepali Brihat Shabdakosh (2075 B. S), claims that it has selected those lexical items which are available in the Nepali speech communities. This article contends the claim and proposes of lexicographers’ ideology guides the content of the dictionary. It focuses on: How different religions/religious people are named and referred to linguistically? What kind of religious traits, features, qualities and features are ascribed to them? How are the lexical items related to religion are explained, defined and presented? To meet the objectives, it implies qualitative approach and uses content analysis method to exhibit the disproportional representation of religions in the Kosh. Swatantra Varna 'Ra' is selected for this purpose. Critical discourse analysis is used as a tool to scrutinize the lexical items. Primarily all the lexical items under the Swatantra Varna 'Ra' are studied and a list of lexicons related to all religions is prepared. Then the selected lexicons are scrutinized from the lenses of critical discourse analysis to meet the objectives of the study. The findings establish the fact that Hinduism is overlexicalized and other religions are excluded, misrepresented, backgrounded, underlexicalized/overlexicalized, intensified and mitigated. This signifies that the whole Kosh-2075 reflects the psyche of Hindu Brahmin upper-class lexicographers
Quarantine Girl: Mental Distress and Trauma in the Times of Covid-19
Get PDFSince the biblical times, the concept of quarantine has been implemented throughout the pages of history in several places whenever there was an existence of a threatening situation. Outbreak of plague or flu or diphtheria or smallpox relatively imposed restrictions on human beings and now in the times of Covid-19, an extensive quarantine procedure is applied throughout the globe since December 2019. On the outset, the process seems comparatively simple but the impact or the mental trauma bestowed upon the humans to be alone in a room, having to do anything is distressing and equally depressing. The 2020 film, Quarantine Girl, directed by Nichole D' Angelo and Gregory Hataka, has realistically portrayed how it feels to be in solitude during the pandemic. The heroine of the film, Ruby embarks on a tiresome journey of quarantine solely where she loses her “normal” self and tragically falls into the pit of mental disorder. The paper analyses how the heroine, Ruby has transformed from a vigorous personality to the ‘depressed’ mad woman at the end
Multicultural Identity Crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Jasmine
Get PDFThis paper intends to explore the transformations with disintegration literary pieces of Bharati Mukherjee has gained a milestone as she brings out the segregation experienced by the immigrants of South Asian Countries. Through her novels, she voices her personal life experiences to show the reconstructing shape of American Society. She centrally locates her emphasis on the women characters their struggle for identity, their harsh experiences and their final emergence as the self- assertive, self opinioned individuals free from fear imposed on them. The list of Diasporic writer is too long and the root of Diaspora is so deep. Through the novel Jasmine, Bharati Mukherjee focuses the multicultural identity of a woman. This paper is an effort to portray the bitter experiences of homelessness, displacement, oppression and exploitation of protagonist Jasmine
Masterji’s Resistance in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower: An Embodiment of the Struggle of the Marginalized Class
Get PDFAravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower, published in 2011, is a trenchant critique on the effects of globalization, urbanization, privatization and capitalism in the post-colonial era in India. All these changes in the contemporary society have effectively bifurcated the entire country into two groups—the rich and the poor, the centre and the margin, the privileged upper class and the underprivileged lower class. In the novel Dharmen Shah, a real estate mogul represents the first group of people who are socio-politically and economically highly influential, whereas Yogesh A. Murthy, aka Masterji, is the embodiment of the marginalized class that are constantly dominated and exploited by the former group. My present paper aims to analyse in detail how far Masterji is able to resist the scabrous sufferings unleashed by the rich realtor Dharmen Shah, and how far Masterji’s resistance becomes an incarnation of the resilience of marginalized people in the contemporary society
Mavis Gallant: A Canadian Short Story Legend
Get PDFMavis Gallant was a Canadian short story writer. She had faced a very difficult childhood after her father’s demise and her mother’s early remarriage. She was raised as an orphan and had attended seventeen different schools to complete her education. Mavis Gallant later on started writing stories in Canada, and publishing them in Preview, The Standard Magazine, and Northern Review. Some of them were rejected as well but, she was determined to write stories as a full time writer, and therefore she courageously decided to depart from Canada, and settled in Paris until her last breath. This paper is an attempt to show light on her life, the struggles she came across, her writing style and moreover the issues that she cover in her fictional stories for the readers to think and act accordingly in the present times
Liberal Feminism and Ruskin Bond: An Exploration of Bond’s Women World
Get PDFIndian history has been a deponent of ups and downs in the position of women. In the Vedic era, they attained the highest place in society. Later in post-Vedic era they were accused of many disabilities and their freedom was banned. In middle age their position became very pathetic. So a necessity is felt for reconsideration of women's condition with the angle of Indian attitude. In contemporary age, many efforts are being done to resolve this social injustice. Indian intellectuals have been advocating for equal rights, equality, and co-operation between both genders for long ages, but it was in the British period when women uplift started. The result of all efforts made in this direction is that women have started to establish new dimensions in various areas, e.g., in education, politics, social, economic, administration, and in games and sports. In the literary area their contribution can also not be underestimated. Many female writers such as Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahri, Shashi Despande, Shobha De and many others are raising their voices for women rights and women empowerment. Today women-deliberation has become a vivid question in every area of life so much that prominent male writers are also giving them a special niche in their writings. In male stream, Ruskin Bond is carrying this trend forward to maintain a balance between the two genders. The present paper is an endeavor to prove that Ruskin’s literature searches the way for women empowerment within democratic system
Industries and Tribal: Erosion of Their Ethos
Get PDFTribal issue is a matter of global concern. In India around 8.8% of the total population consist of tribal. They are of primitive human civilisation of India. The major tribes in India are the Gonds, the Bhils, the Santals, the Oraons, the Minas and the Mundas. Eighty percent of the tribes are found in the central region of India. If we look back in the history of pre-independent India, the tribes’ position was not in much privileged; they are intended for the laborious job, a kind of slaves under the British colonials. Later on, a decade of independence, unfortunately there are virtually no alterations in the present socio-economic scenario of the tribe’s conditions. Tribes are treated as outsiders and unwanted in their own homeland by the modern capitalist’s society. In the process of national development tribes and their cultural identity is badly affected as compared to any other community as the second Five Year Plan was modelled on the idea of either industrialisation or perish, providing the front seat of debates and decision only to the economic issues. Tribal areas have been comprehended as the heaven of natural resources by the industrial houses and investors. As a consequence, thousands of industrial projects are installed by the investors in or near these tribal areas for the rude fabrics of the yields. And the tribes were disowned from their lands and homes; forced to migrate from their traditional sources of livelihood – Jal, Jungal and Zamin, leaving their culture, tradition and identity to a critical stage. This paper concentrates on the impact of industrialization in the tribal regions and their economic and social inclusion in the mainstream resulting in their dichotomy of existence and alienation