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Peace Game: Sports Diplomacy as a Tool for Promoting Dialogue in Inter-Korean Relations Based on the Case of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang
No full textSports diplomacy as a tool for dialogue between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) plays a symbolic role in the context of the long-standing political tensions on the Korean Peninsula. Indeed, in a region characterised by such strong political and military tensions, any mediation initiative is important for security reasons. The aim of this research is to understand whether sports diplomacy activities can lead to the real de-escalation of the conflict and the building of stable inter-Korean relations, or whether they are merely a short-term means of improving the international image. The study is based on a case study of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which marked a watershed moment in relations between Seoul and Pyeongchang. The methodology involves a qualitative analysis of available primary and secondary sources related to the inter-Korean conflict and the mentioned above Games. The results indicate that, despite a temporary warming of relations and enhanced opportunities for dialogue, sports diplomacy does not lead to a lasting resolution of the conflict. The implications of these results suggest the limitations of soft power in situations of deep-rooted geopolitical conflicts
Challenges and Adaptations: Researchers Facing the Narratives of Parents of Adult Transgender Children
No full textNiniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę zrozumienia i opisania złożonych dylematów, z jakimi borykały się badaczki podczas przeprowadzania wywiadów w ramach projektu badawczego zatytułowanego O stawaniu się... Narracje rodziców dorosłych dzieci transpłciowych. Przedstawiamy wyzwania związane z nie tylko z koniecznością solidnego teoretycznego przygotowania, ale także z wysoką świadomością własnych uprzedzeń, umiejętnością unikania osądzających wypowiedzi oraz efektywnym zarządzaniem emocjami. W trakcie badań, okazało się, że samo posiadanie teoretycznego bagażu nie wystarcza. Ważnym aspektem jest ciągła adaptacja własnej roli badacza w trakcie wywiadu. Nie mówimy tutaj o jednokrotnym przekształceniu z jednej roli w drugą ani o jednoznacznym przypisaniu sobie konkretnej roli. Mamy na myśli raczej zdolność badacza do płynnego i wielokrotnego dostosowywania swojego zachowania i postawy w trakcie jednego wywiadu.This article presents an analysis of the methodological and ethical dilemmas faced by the researchers during the conduction of narrative and in-depth interviews with parents of adult transgender children as part of the research project Becoming ... Narratives of Parents of Adult Transgender Children. The research was qualitative in nature and based on the principles of grounded theory methodology. The text presents the challenges associated with not only the need for solid theoretical preparation, but also with high awareness of one's own biases, the ability to avoid judgmental statements, and effective "emotional management". The authors refer to both domestic and foreign literature, which served as helpful guidelines for conducting the interviews. The interviews revealed that theoretical preparation is only the foundation for effective research interaction. A key role is played by the flexible adaptation of the researcher's role during the conversation. This is not about a one-time change of the research paradigm, but about the ability to smoothly and repeatedly modify behavior and research methodology in response to the dynamics of the conversation and the needs of the interlocutor
Influence of environmental and lifestyle factors on melanoma risk among residents of agricultural areas
No full textCzerniak skóry to jeden z najbardziej agresywnych nowotworów złośliwych, którego częstość występowania rośnie, zwłaszcza w populacjach narażonych na intensywne promieniowanie ultrafioletowe (UV). Mieszkańcy obszarów wiejskich, w tym rolnicy, są szczególnie narażeni na ten czynnik ryzyka ze względu na codzienną pracę na otwartej przestrzeni, ograniczony dostęp do ochrony przeciwsłonecznej oraz niski poziom świadomości zagrożeń. Artykuł przedstawia aktualny stan wiedzy na temat środowiskowych i behawioralnych uwarunkowań rozwoju czerniaka w kontekście życia i pracy na terenach wiejskich. Przegląd literatury został przeprowadzony w bazach takich jak PubMed i Web of Science, obejmując publikacje z lat 2010-2025. Omówiono wpływ zanieczyszczenia powietrza, stosowania środków ochrony roślin oraz zmian klimatycznych na wzrost zachorowalności. Dodatkowo zaprezentowano nowoczesne metody wczesnej diagnostyki czerniaka, w tym wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji (AI) i systemów opartych na splotowych sieciach neuronowych (CNN), które pozwalają na automatyczną ocenę zmian skórnych na podstawie zdjęć dermatoskopowych. Potencjał mobilnych aplikacji diagnostycznych został wskazany w warunkach ograniczonego dostępu do specjalistów, jak również potrzebę uwzględnienia tych rozwiązań w doradztwie rolniczym i zdrowotnym na obszarach wiejskich. Artykuł podkreśla konieczność wdrożenia zintegrowanych działań prewencyjnych oraz edukacji zdrowotnej i środowiskowej, a także zastosowania nowych technologii diagnostycznych (AI) na terenach wiejskich, co może istotnie wpłynąć na zmniejszenie zachorowalności i poprawę wczesnej wykrywalności czerniaka.Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of malignant cancer, with an increasing incidence, particularly among populations exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Rural residents, especially farmers, face elevated risks due to daily outdoor work, limited access to sun protection, and low awareness of the associated health
hazards. This article provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding environmental and behavioral factors contributing to melanoma development within the
context of rural living and occupational exposure. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, covering publications from 2010 to 2025. The discussion addresses the impact of air pollution, pesticide use, and climate change on the rising incidence of melanoma. Additionally, the article
presents modern approaches to early melanoma diagnosis, including the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based systems for
automated assessment of skin lesions in dermatoscopic images. The potential of mobile diagnostic applications in areas with limited access to specialists is highlighted, along
with the importance of integrating these technologies into agricultural and public health advisory systems in rural areas. The article underscores the need for comprehensive preventive measures, health and environmental education, and the deployment of advanced diagnostic technologies (AI) in rural regions, which could significantly reduce incidence
rates and improve early melanoma detection
Health effects of low-dose formaldehyde exposure: a cross-sectional study in occupational settings
No full textObjectives
To evaluate the health effects of low-dose formaldehyde exposure in occupational settings, focusing on dermatological and respiratory symptoms and the influence of work tenure.
Material and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 workers undergoing annual health check-ups at a medical center in Taiwan with 242 individuals categorized as exposed (high exposure [N = 57], low exposure [N = 185]) and 172 as controls. Formaldehyde exposure was assessed through environmental monitoring, with all exposure levels <10% of the permissible exposure limits. Self-reported clinical symptoms, complete blood count (CBC) parameters, and pulmonary function were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess exposure-related health effects, adjusting for potential confounders. Tenure was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable to assess its impact on health outcomes.
Results
The exposure group reported significantly higher rates of irritationrelated symptoms (9.5% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.009) and skin symptoms (1.7% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) compared to controls. After adjusting for confounders, allergic rhinitis (OR = 16.78, 95% CI: 4.00–70.55, p < 0.001) and allergic dermatitis (OR = 18.83, 95% CI: 2.52–140.56, p = 0.004) remained significantly associated with formaldehyde exposure. No significant differences were found in CBC parameters or pulmonary function between groups.
Conclusions
Even at low exposure levels, formaldehyde was associated with an increased risk of allergic conditions and irritation-related symptoms. While pulmonary function remained unchanged, the higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis and dermatitis suggests potential immune sensitization. These findings emphasize the importance of workplace exposure monitoring and preventive measures. Future longitudinal studies incorporating biomarkers are needed to clarify causal relationships and refine occupational health policies
Effect of combined exposure to lead, mercury, and cadmium on hypertension: The 2008–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
No full textObjectives
Many studies have demonstrated the effects of heavy metals on hypertension. However, to date, no study has used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to analyze the effects of combined exposure to heavy metals on hypertension. Therefore, this study inferred the study population using weights based on a rolling sample and used standardized scores to estimate the effects of combined exposure to heavy metals on hypertension.
Material and Methods
The authors used raw participant data from KNHANES (2008–2013), when heavy metal levels in the blood were measured. The authors analyzed the effects of lead, mercury, and cadmium on hypertension. The authors calculated standardized scores based on a regression analysis to analyze the effects of combined exposure. The odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension due to heavy metals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression, with the lowest quartile as the reference category.
Results
In the crude regression analysis, lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure were associated with significant differences in the rate of hypertension (p < 0.05). However, when other heavy metals were included as covariates, only lead (OR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.55) and cadmium (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.24–1.74) showed significant effects (p < 0.01). When the authors analyzed the effects of combined exposure to heavy metals, the OR of hypertension for the highest quartile, relative to the lowest quartile, was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.50–2.11, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that heavy metal exposure was significantly associated with hypertension prevalence (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
This study verified that heavy metal exposure affects the prevalence of hypertension and that combined exposure to multiple heavy metals is associated with a higher risk of hypertension than exposure to a single heavy metal. Further research is necessary to screen for heavy metal-related risk factors and evaluate whether the interactions between heavy metals are positive or negative
From Mendicants to Owners of the Land. The Socio-Economic Conformation of the Dominican Priory of Socoltenango, Chiapas, 1645-1705
No full textEn este artículo se analizan las estrategias sociales y económicas emprendidas por los dominicos en el priorato de Socoltenango, Chiapas, entre 1645 y 1705. El punto de partida es el reacomodo administrativo que provocó la desaparición de la vicaría de Copanaguastla, así como de una serie de fenómenos que contribuyeron a la tragedia y bonanza de este territorio, particularmente, la riqueza que acumularon los dominicos de la parroquia de Socoltenango en detrimento de la desventura que aquejó a los pueblos de indios; asimismo, los negocios, conflictos y alianzas con los españoles e indios. A través del análisis de la documentación referente a tierras, trapiches y cape-llanías, el enfoque regional y la economía parroquial permiten apreciar las diferentes experiencias y estrategias dentro de un mismo espacio caracterizado por diversos nichos ecológicos. De esta forma, se examina la colonización del territorio y la historia de la tenencia de la tierra en el priorato de Socoltenango.This article analyzes the social and economic strategies undertaken by the Dominicans in the priory of Socoltenango, Chiapas, between 1645 and 1705. The starting point is the administrative rearrangement that caused the disappearance of the vicariate of Copanaguastla, as well as a series of phenomena that contributed to the tragedy and prosperity of this territory, particularly, the wealth accumulated by the Dominicans of the parish of Socoltenango to the detriment of the misfortune that afflicted the Indian villages; likewise, the business, conflicts and alliances with the Spaniards and Indians. Through the analysis of the documentation regarding lands, sugar mills and chaplaincies, the regional approach and the parish economy allow us to appreciate the different experiences and strategies within the same space characterized by diverse ecological niches. In this way, the colonization of the territory and the history of land tenure in the priory of Socoltenango are examined
Legal aspects of organizing the construction or reconstruction of public roads due to private projects
No full textThe development and implementation of road and transport infrastructure is not always a goal in the public interest. Private entities implementing their own projects are frequently interested in the possibility of building new road sections or adapting the existing road systems to their own plans and transport needs. The existing regulations contained in art. 16 of the Public Roads Act and the Civil Code enable cooperation in this field between road managers and private investors, offering numerous benefits to the parties that enter into mutual agreement in this matter, but also imposing on them certain obligations. The agreements in question may constitute one of the factors promoting a dynamic development of administrative units and enabling the construction of housing estates, office buildings, commercial facilities, warehouses, logistics centers and many other facilities in areas without a convenient road system. Everything is done in cooperation with public administration bodies. Naturally, the process of preparing, implementing and managing a construction project is a complicated and difficult issue. The current circumstances of economic, resource and material uncertainty may pose a significant threat to the implementation of a construction project. Nevertheless, a factor necessary to achieve satisfactory goals is mutual involvement of the parties in the appropriate preparation of the project, as well as finding an optimal solution that does not place an excessive financial burden on the private investor and, at the same time, guarantees the achievement of the assumed goal
The Lawyer as Conflict Manager: Exploring the Lawyer’s Role in ADR, Especially as an Advisor in Mediation and as Lawyer-Mediator in Germany
No full textThis article advocates redefining the lawyer’s role as a conflict manager, shifting from adversarial approaches to interest-based, consensual conflict resolution. Although litigation remains the norm, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), especially mediation, offers significant benefits that are often underutilized. Lawyers can act as advisors, guiding clients to select and engage in ADR processes tailored to their needs, or as mediators, facilitating neutral, self-determined outcomes.The article examines key ADR methods, including mediation, collaborative practice, and procedural hybrids like med-arb, highlighting their applications, advantages and challenges. Special emphasis is placed on the lawyer’s dual role: advising clients during ADR proceedings and serving as a neutral third party in mediation. Preparation, confidentiality and risk analysis are central to the lawyer’s responsibilities in ensuring effective mediation outcomes.Additionally, the article addresses the professional and ethical considerations for lawyers acting as mediators, including adherence to legal standards and avoidance of conflicts of interest. It argues that adopting a conflict-management approach not only aligns with legal professional standards but also enhances client satisfaction and outcomes by prioritizing efficient, amicable solutions over confrontational disputes.By integrating conflict management into legal practice, lawyers can expand their professional scope, offering valuable alternatives that promote long-term cooperation and resolution beyond the courtroom
The Lawyer as Process and Project Manager for Infrastructure Projects
No full textIn the Federal Republic of Germany, lawyers can be employed as project managers to relieve the authorities of the burden of approval procedures for large infrastructure projects. This particularly applies to procedures for the expansion of federal highways, railway lines or trams, power lines or wind turbines. This article presents the relevant legal basis, classifies it in relation to the state, and highlights the opportunities and risks of employing a lawyer as a project manager: The lawyer has a secure and large mandate for a longer period of time and can rely on a secure fee due to the solvency of the state. For the project sponsor, the use of a project manager means that the procedure can be completed more quickly, and external expertise or know-how represents additional support for the authority, which in principle cannot be detrimental. The cooperation between project manager and authority can take place under civil law on the basis of a contract or under public law via a public-law contract, in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act. The article concludes with a conclusion and summarizes the main findings
Mario Krešić, In Search of the Functions of the Legal System: Axiomatic and Methodological Stages (W poszukiwaniu funkcji systemu prawnego: etapy aksjomatyczne i metodologiczne), „Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Iuridica” 2024, vol. 70, no. 4, s. 11–30, https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2024.157
No full textMario Krešić, In Search of the Functions of the Legal System: Axiomatic and Methodological Stages (W poszukiwaniu funkcji systemu prawnego: etapy aksjomatyczne i metodologiczne), „Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Iuridica” 2024, vol. 70, no. 4, s. 11–30, https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2024.15