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Performance comparison of heart disease detection with machine learning algorithms
No full textHeart diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and early diagnosis and proper treatment planning are critical for patients' quality of life and survival rates. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the performance of machine learning algorithms in heart disease diagnosis on the Weka platform. Regression, classification and clustering algorithms were applied on the data set obtained using data mining methods, and then evaluated with performance measures such as precision, accuracy and F-score. The findings reveal that the various algorithms examined provide success in the diagnosis of heart disease. The obtained results provide guidancefor both healthcare professionals and researchers on the application of machine learning techniques to heart disease diagnosis and contribute to the improvement of patient diagnosis processes
Chaotic Mountain Gazelle Optimizer Improved by Multiple Oppositional-Based Learning Variants for Theoretical Thermal Design Optimization of Heat Exchangers Using Nanofluids
No full textThis theoretical research study proposes a novel hybrid algorithm that integrates an improved quasi-dynamical oppositional learning mutation scheme into the Mountain Gazelle Optimization method, augmented with chaotic sequences, for the thermal and economical design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger operating with nanofluids. The Mountain Gazelle Optimizer is a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm that simulates the foraging behaviors of Mountain Gazelles. However, it suffers from premature convergence due to an imbalance between its exploration and exploitation mechanisms. A two-step improvement procedure is implemented to enhance the overall search efficiency of the original algorithm. The first step concerns substituting uniformly random numbers with chaotic numbers to refine the solution quality to better standards. The second step is to develop a novel manipulation equation that integrates different variants of quasi-dynamic oppositional learning search schemes, guided by a novel intelligently devised adaptive switch mechanism. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using the challenging benchmark functions from various CEC competitions. Finally, the thermo-economic design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger operated with different nanoparticles is solved by the proposed improved metaheuristic algorithm to obtain the optimal design configuration. The predictive results indicate that using water + SiO2 instead of ordinary water as the refrigerant on the tube side of the heat exchanger reduces the total cost by 16.3%, offering the most cost-effective design among the configurations compared. These findings align with the demonstration of how biologically inspired metaheuristic algorithms can be successfully applied to engineering design
Observation of nuclear modification of energy-energy correlators inside jets in heavy ion collisions
No full textEnergy-energy correlators are constructed by averaging the number of charged particle pairs within jets, weighted by the product of their transverse momenta, as a function of the angular separation of the particles within a pair. They are sensitive to a multitude of perturbative and nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics phenomena in high-energy particle collisions. Using lead-lead data recorded with the CMS detector, energy-energy correlators inside high transverse momentum jets are measured in heavy ion collisions for the first time. The data are obtained at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.70 nb(-1). A similar analysis is done for proton-proton collisions at the same center-of-mass energy to establish a reference. The ratio of lead-lead to proton-proton energy-energy correlators reveals significant jet substructure modifications in the quark-gluon plasma. The results are compared to different models that incorporate either color coherence or medium response effects, where the two effects predict similar substructure modifications.Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64, 2021-4.1.2-NEMZ_KI-2024-00036]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]; ERDF/EU; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA)Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 Quantum Universe'' - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64, and 2021-4.1.2-NEMZ_KI-2024-00036 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF/EU, European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR'', and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA)
Factors Contributing to the Diabetes Burden in the Elderly: A Clinical Perspective
No full textAim: This study aims to evaluate the various factors that contribute to the burden of diabetes in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in the internal medicine clinic of a training and study hospital in T & uuml;rkiye between January 2018 and May 2019. The study sample consisted of 102 elderly individuals aged 65 years and older with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Data Form and the Burden of Diabetes in the Elderly Scale. Results: The mean total score for the Elderly Burden Diabetes Scale of participants' was 50.98 +/- 15.59. When the scores (min = 18, max = 88 points) that could be obtained from the scale were taken into account, it was evident that the diabetes burden of elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes was below the moderate level. Age group, marital status and duration of diabetes diagnosis did not affect diabetes burden (p > 0.05). Diabetes burden was higher in patients with education below the undergraduate level, those who used combined oral antidiabetic and insulin treatment, and those with comorbidities (p < 0.05). While there was a negative relationship between comorbidity status and diabetes burden, there was a positive relationship between diabetes treatment and diabetes burden (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was found that the diabetes burden of elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes was below the mean, and combined treatments and the presence of comorbidities increased the diabetes burden
Improving Urban Animal Welfare Through Evidence-Based Shelter Site Selection in Turkey
No full textThe management of stray animals and the selection of shelter sites are significant issues in urban areas. To address this, consideration of environmental, social, and economic factors is required. Since those factors can be analyzed holistically with GIS; this study employs GIS methodologies to ascertain the optimal locations for establishing animal shelters in the Kar & scedil;& imath;yaka district of & Idot;zmir. Criteria related to factors such as human health and animal welfare are determined based on environmental sustainability. Each criterion is converted into a suitability map using ArcGIS Pro. Fuzzy SWARA and Fuzzy GRA methods are used for criteria weighting and area ranking. As a result, the Yamanlar option was determined as the most suitable area. Thus, GIS-based integrated fuzzy-based methods have shown objective, reliable and less uncertain results in area selection. Findings provide guidance for local governments and policy makers in determining and prioritizing criteria to be considered in the shelter area selection. The methodological approach proposed can be applied to different regions and similar problems, and it can contribute to the development of efficient and humane policies to improve animal welfare
Structural, Crystallographic, and Thermal Properties of Bi12GeO20 for Technological Applications
No full textIn this work, we present the structural and thermal properties of the Bi12GeO20 crystal grown using the Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis elucidated the crystal structure, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) provided information on morphology and elemental composition, respectively. Many peaks belonging to the cubic crystalline structure were observed in the XRD pattern. Thermal behavior was extensively investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the crystal, where no serious weight loss was observed up to 863 K, two different weight loss behaviors were observed in the regions between 863 and 1048 K and 1048-1193 K. The behavior observed in these two different regions was associated with two different decomposition and/or evaporation processes, and the activation energies of these processes were determined using the Coats-Redfern equation as 99.7 and 33.1 kJ/mol. As a result of DSC measurements performed with different heating rates, it was observed that an endothermic process occurred around 618 K. The activation energy of this process was found to be 495 kJ/mol using the Kissenger equation. Our findings reveal details about the crystal's structural arrangement, morphological property, and decomposition/phase transitions, shedding light on the crystal's potential technological applications in various fields.Gazi ?niversitesi [FKB-2024-9735]; Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination; Gazi UniversityThis study was supported by the Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination with the code FKB-2024-9735. The authors are grateful to Gazi University for their financial support and provision of laboratory facilities. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gokhan Surucu for providing crystal structure images and valuable contributions within the scope of this study
Measurements of inclusive and differential cross sections for top quark production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
No full textMeasurements are presented of inclusive and differential cross sections for Z boson associated production of top quark pairs (t (t) over barZ) and single top quarks (tZq or tWZ). The data were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1). Events with three or more leptons, electrons or muons, are selected and a multiclass deep neural network is used to separate three event categories, the t (t) over barZ and tWZ processes, the tZq process, and the backgrounds. A profile likelihood approach is used to unfold the differential cross sections, to account for systematic uncertainties, and to determine the correlations between the two signal categories in one global fit. The inclusive cross sections for a dilepton invariant mass between 70 and 110 GeV are measured to be 1.14 +/- 0.07 pb for the sum of t (t) over barZ and tWZ, and 0.81 +/- 0.10 pb for tZq, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science AMP; Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [EXC 2121, 390833306, 400140256 - GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; ERDF a way of making Europe [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources AMP; Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS - be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 Quantum Universe - 390833306, and under project number 400140256 - GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program - UNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC - National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF a way of making Europe, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients diagnosed at the asymptomatic stage: What are the benefits of early diagnosis?
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to demonstrate whether a diagnosis given at the asymptomatic stage of patients with DMD can affect the clinical outcomes and to define the clinical characteristics of the patients. Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 136 male patients (mean age: 8.8±3.7 years; range, 3 to 17 years) with DMD between March 2022 and February 2023. The patients were diagnosed through clinical presentation, pathology studies, and genetic testing. The demographic, clinical, and the laboratory data of the patients were recorded. The patients were evaluated in two groups: those diagnosed at the asymptomatic stage due to elevated creatine kinase (CK) and those diagnosed due to clinical symptoms. Patients were further stratified according to their age groups: those younger than 10 years and those aged 10 years or older. Hand grip, quadriceps muscle strength, and Vignos and Brooke motor functional assessment scales of the two groups were compared. Results: In patients who were diagnosed with CK levels, CK elevation was significantly more common than other findings. When the age at diagnosis was evaluated, the age at diagnosis in those diagnosed with CK levels was statistically significantly lower than in those diagnosed with clinical findings. No significant difference was detected in clinical findings between the groups under the age of 10 years. Among patients aged 10 years or older, hand muscle strength, quadriceps muscle strength, and Vignos and Brooke motor function scale scores were significantly better in those diagnosed with CK levels compared to those diagnosed with clinical findings. Conclusion: This study shows that early diagnosis in the preclinical period, which enables earlier medical treatment and rehabilitation, may have a positive effect on motor functions and the course of the disease. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Thermoluminescence response and kinetic parameters of Tb-doped GdCa4O(BO3)3 under beta irradiation
No full textIn this study, the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Tb3+-doped GdCa4O(BO3)(3) (GdCOB) are investigated with focus on the effects of optical filter selection, preheating, dopant concentration, irradiation dose, heating rate on these properties. Trapping parameters of the traps responsible for the peaks in the phosphor were also determined. The IRSL-TL-565 nm filter was identified as optimal filter for isolating the characteristic green emission of Tb3+ and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Among the studied dopant concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 wt%), 3 wt% Tb3+ was found to maximize TL intensity. Beyond this concentration, quenching effects became dominant, leading to reduced TL efficiency. At 3 wt% doping, TL glow peaks were observed at approximately 80 and 190 degrees C following a 50 Gy beta dose with a heating rate of 2 degrees C/s, with the primary peak (similar to 190 degrees C) favorable for minimizing thermal fading. The TL response of the primary peak was linear with dose within 5-500 Gy. The peak's TL intensity is affected by thermal quenching effects. Reusing of an aliquot of the phosphor ten times produced responses with 0.45 % maximum deviation from their mean. Additionally, the peak temperature (T-m) exhibited a slight decrease beyond 100 Gy, which can be attributed to charge carrier interactions, trap filling effects, and potential thermal quenching at higher doses. Heating rate experiments showed the expected shift of peak temperatures to higher values, emphasizing the need to correct for temperature lag in kinetic analyses. Computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) indicated the presence of at least eight distinct trapping levels with activation energies ranging from 0.90 to 1.69 eV, revealing a complex trap structure. Overall, with its high TL intensity, linear dose response, and aliquot reusability, Tb3+-doped GdCOB is a promising phosphor for personal dosimetry, environmental radiation monitoring, and medical imaging.Turkish Scientific Research Council [223M036]; AEI project [PID2023-153235NB-I00]This study was supported by the Turkish Scientific Research Council with the project numbered 223M036within the scope of theTUBI-TAK-1001 '' project. This work was partially funded by the AEI project (PID2023-153235NB-I00)
Pediatri Servislerinde Yatan Çocuk Hastaların Hemşirelik Girişimlerine ve Kullanılan Materyallere Karşı Korku ve Anksiyete Durumlarını Etkileyen Etmenlerin İncelenmesi
No full textGiriş: Pediatri hemşirelerinin, hastanede yatan çocuk hastaların hemşirelik girişimlerine ve kullanılan materyallere karşı korku ve anksiyete durumlarının farkında olması gerekir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, çocuk hastaların hemşirelik girişimlerine ve kullanılan materyallere karşı korku ve anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel tiptedir. Araştırma örneklemini, Ocak - Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında, çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları kliniğinde en az iki gün yatarak tedavi görmekte olan, 6 - 12 yaş arası 180 çocuk oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında; “Çocuk ve Ebeveyn Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu”, “Çocuklarda Hemşirelik Girişimleri ve Kullanılan Materyallere Karşı Korku Ölçeği”, “Çocuk Korku Ölçeği” ve “Çocuk Anksiyete Skalası-Durumluluk” kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çocukların yaş ortalaması 8,56 ± 1,93 tür ve % 57,2’si kızdır. Çocukların “Çocuklarda Hemşirelik Girişimleri ve Kullanılan Materyallere Karşı Korku Ölçeği” toplam puan ortalamasının 37,00 ± 13,28 olduğu belirlendi. Çocukların “o andaki” değerlendirdiği korku puan ortalamaları 1,57 ± 0,93, ebeveynin değerlendirdiği korku puan ortalamaları 1,64 ± 1,02 ve araştırmacının değerlendirdiği korku puan ortalamaları 1,63 ± 1,04 dür. Çocuğun hastanede “o andaki” anksiyete puan ortalamaları 3,43 ± 2,31 dir. Çocuklarda “yaş” değişkeni ile hemşirelik girişimleri ve kullanılan materyallere karşı korku ölçeği ve alt boyutları arasında negatif yönlü ve çok düşük düzeyli bir ilişki saptandı (p < 0,05). Sonuç: Pediatri hemşireleri, tıbbi tetkik ve işlemlerden geçen çocukların tedavi ve bakımında, onların bakış açılarını dikkate alan yaklaşımlar benimsemelidir