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A study on sex prediction by using machine algorithms with anthropometric measurements of the seventh cervical vertebra
No full textPrediction of sex is among important topics of forensic medicine and forensic anthropology. In studies conducted for sex prediction, pelvis and cranium bones are the most preferred bones. In cases when it is difficult to examine the pelvis and cranium bones, vertebrae have been the subject of research in sex analysis studies. The aim of this study is to predict sex by using Computed Tomography (CT) images of the vertebra prominens (C7). Another aim of the study is to make automatic measurements using labeling on C7. This retrospective study included images of 100 female and 100 male individuals (aged 20-50 years). CT Images on the personal workstation (Horos Project, Version 3.0) were made orthogonal in the entire plane. They were transferred to the Sekazu program in DICOM format. The labels of the bookmarks determined on C7 were placed on the images by the Radiologist and Anatomist according to their coordinates. Then, automatic measurements were performed in the program and calculations were made. Optimization of the study was achieved by automatic measurements, thus eliminating the effects of intra-observer and/or inter-observer measurement errors. Sixteen length and 3 angle parameters were analysed by using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The accuracy rates in sex prediction using ML algorithms with the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis are as follows: Ada Boost Classification 87-91%, Decision Tree 85-92%, Extra Trees Classifier 87-93%, Gradient Boosting Model 85-91%, Gaussian Naive Bayes 87-91%, Gaussian Process Classifier 81-91%, K-nearest Neighbour Regression 84-93%, Linear Discriminant Analysis 88-94%, Linear Support Vector Classification 88-92%, Non-Linear Support Vector Classification 83-93%, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis 87-90%, Random Forest 83-92%, Support Vector Machines 84-92%. In this study, it was predicted that sex prediction could be made up to 94% using ML algorithms from the parameters of vertebra prominens, which is an atypical vertebra. Therefore, we can say that vertebra prominens also shows sexual dimorphism
A hyper-heuristic enhanced neuro-evolutionary algorithm with self-adaptive operators and various activation functions for classification problems
No full textDue to their remarkable generalization capabilities, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) grab attention of researchers and practitioners. ANNs have two main stages, namely training and testing. The training stage aims to find optimum synapse values. Traditional gradient-descent-based approaches offer notable advantages in training ANNs, nevertheless, they are exposed to some limitations such as convergence and local minima issues. Therefore, stochastic search algorithms are commonly employed. In this regard, the present study adopts and further extends the evolutionary search strategies namely, the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and the Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (SaDE) Algorithm in training ANNs. Accordingly, self-adaptation procedures are modified to perform a more convenient search and to avoid local optima first. Secondarily, mutation operations in these algorithms are reinforced by a hyper-heuristic framework, which selects low-level heuristics out of a heuristics pool, based on their achievements throughout search. Thus, to achieve better performance, while promising mechanisms are more frequently invoked by the proposed approach, naive operators are less frequently invoked. This implicitly avoids greedy behavior in selecting low-level heuristics and attempts to overcome loss-of-diversity and local optima issues. Moreover, due to possible complexity and nonlinearity in mapping between inputs and outputs, the proposed method is also tested by using various activation functions. Thus, a hyper-heuristic enhanced neuro-evolutionary algorithm with self-adaptive operators is introduced. Finally, the performances of all used methods with various activation functions are tested on the well-known classification problems. Statistically verified computational results point out significant differences among the algorithms and used activation functions
Measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width using the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
No full textA measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width via its decay to two Z bosons is presented. Proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb(-1) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, is used. The invariant mass distribution of four leptons in the on-shell Higgs boson decay is used to measure its mass and constrain its width. This yields the most precise single measurement of the Higgs boson mass to date, 125.04 +/- 0.12 GeV, and an upper limit on the width Gamma(H) < 330 MeV at 95% confidence level. A combination of the on- and off-shell Higgs boson production decaying to four leptons is used to determine the Higgs boson width, assuming that no new virtual particles affect the production, a premise that is tested by adding new heavy particles in the gluon fusion loop model. This result is combined with a previous CMS analysis of the off-shell Higgs boson production with decay to two leptons and two neutrinos, giving a measured Higgs boson width of 3.0(-1.5)(+2.0) MeV, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 4.1 MeV. The strength of the off-shell Higgs boson production is also reported. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level corresponding to 3.8 standard deviations.FWF; FNRS; FWO (Belgium) [30820817]; CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPERGS; FAPESP (Brazil); BNSF (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG [MoER TK202]; Academy of Finland; MEC; CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF; BMBF; DFG; HGF (Germany); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE; DST; IPM; SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE; UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYT; UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSTDA; TUBITAK; DOE; NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207]; COST Action [CA16108]; Leventis Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science Committee [22rl-037]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); F. R. S.-FNRS; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation [FR-22-985]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Strategy-EXC 2121, 400140256-GRK2497]; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) [2288]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; NKFIH [K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India - NextGenerationEU program (Italy); Latvian Council of Science; Ministry of Education and Science [2022/WK/14]; National Science Center [Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369, 2021/43/B/ST2/01552]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/01334/2018]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund [MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]; ERDF a way of making Europe; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2017-0765]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project; National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B39G670016]; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA)We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contracts No. 675440, No. 724704, No. 752730, No. 758316, No. 765710, No. 824093, No. 101115353, No. 101002207, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, Project No. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation `a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science-EOS-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010 and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Grant No. FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC 2121 Quantum Universe-390833306, and under Project No. 400140256-GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project No. 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program-UNKP, the NKFIH research Grants No. K 131991, No. K 133046, No. K 138136, No. K 143460, No. K 143477, No. K 146913, No. K 146914, No. K 147048, No. 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and No. TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC-National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing and FAIR-Future Artificial Intelligence Research, funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, Project No. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant No. CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF a way of making Europe, and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant No. MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, Grant No. B39G670016 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA)
The relationship between the left atrium/left ventricle ratio and atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic stroke without significant left atrial enlargement
No full textLeft atrial (LA) dilatation is a known predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) in ischemic stroke patients. However, individuals with non-significant LA enlargement but an elevated LA/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LA/LVEDD) ratio may still be at risk for AF. This retrospective study included 404 patients hospitalized due to ischemic stroke and subsequently evaluated in the cardiology clinic. Patients with a left atrial diameter 30 s. Patients were grouped based on the LA/LVEDD ratio: Group 1 (>= 0.80) and Group 2 ( 40 mm), and others had an LA diameter below 40 mm. Independent predictors of AF included older age, higher CHA(2)DS(2)-VA scores, larger LA diameter, elevated LA/LVEDD ratio, higher blood glucose, and elevated NT-proBNP. Compared to Group 2, Group 1 had significantly higher rates of hypertension (p = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.024), and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.045). A statistically significant association was found between an LA/LVEDD ratio >= 0.80 and the presence of AF (p = 0.006). ROC curve analysis identified 0.82 as the optimal cut-off (sensitivity: 74%, specificity: 60%). The LA/LVEDD ratio, using a practical cut-off of 0.80, is a useful and memorable marker for identifying ischemic stroke patients at elevated risk for AF, even in the absence of marked LA enlargement. [GRAPHICS
Auditory/Vestibular Problems and Their Management After Systemic Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
No full textChemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer that involves using strong medications to destroy cancer cells. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy. Since the drugs used for breast cancer treatment have an ototoxic effect, chemotherapy can have various side effects related to inner ear damage, including hearing loss, tinnitus, oscillopsia, dizziness, and unsteadiness. Although it is often an important part of a patient’s treatment plan, it is crucial to address and be aware of any concerns associated with the potential ototoxic effects of chemotherapy for patients who undergo systemic chemotherapy. Patients who have been exposed to ototoxic medications should be closely monitored to ensure early detection and intervention for any potential inner ear damage. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Dual-functional Cu?/Cu²?-doped SnS thin films via spray coating: Optoelectronic tuning and superior humidity sensor performance
No full textThis study investigates the influence of copper doping on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and humidity sensing properties of tin sulfide (SnS) thin films synthesized via spray coating. Copper (I) chloride (CuCl) and copper (II) chloride (CuCl?) were employed as precursors to assess their impact on film characteristics. This is the first time such a comparison has been systematically analyzed in this context.X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful Cu incorporation, leading to a reduction in crystallite size to 18.7 nm and 13.8 nm for Cu?- and Cu²?-doped films, respectively, along with increased strain and dislocation density. Raman spectroscopy validated the retention of the orthorhombic SnS phase.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Cu incorporation and its electronic interactions within the SnS matrix. Optical studies indicated bandgap modulation due to Cu doping, impacting the material's optoelectronic properties. Electrical and dielectric measurements demonstrated doping-induced variations in charge carrier dynamics and conductivity. Notably, humidity sensing evaluations revealed that Cu²?- doped SnS exhibited enhanced sensitivity, achieving a capacitive sensitivity coefficient of 50 % at 25 % relative humidity (RH), significantly outperforming both undoped and Cu?-doped films.These findings highlight the tunability of Cu-doped SnS thin films through precursor selection, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices and high-performance humidity sensors. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University; Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, (IMSIU-DDRSP2502); Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSI
Identifying optimal sites for vertical farms: a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis
No full textWe propose a GIS-Fuzzy SWARA framework to identify suitable sites for vertical farms in Menemen (& Idot;zmir, T & uuml;rkiye, 694 km(2)). Using seven spatial criteria at 30 m resolution, we compared equal weighting with expert-derived fuzzy weights. Water proximity dominated expert judgments (w = 0.30), increasing the share of high suitability areas from 2.44% under equal weights to 8.21% with fuzzy weighting. Natural sunlight was incorporated not as a crop growth factor but as a proxy for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) potential, while accessibility criteria captured links to markets and transport networks. Expert judgments showed variability, and hydrological proximity was represented through rivers and canals as the most reliable local sources. These findings demonstrate that fuzzy MCDM methods better reflect expert reasoning than simple averages, leading to more realistic suitability outcomes. The proposed GIS-Fuzzy SWARA framework provides a transparent and reproducible decision-support tool that can guide planners and policymakers in integrating vertical farming into urban strategies. While outputs represent suitability potentials rather than validated outcomes, the framework highlights the central role of water availability and energy potential in supporting resilient urban food production.Izmir Bakircay University Coordination of Scientific Research Project [BBAP.2024.003]This study was funded by Izmir Bakircay University Coordination of Scientific Research Project through project no BBAP.2024.003
The Effect of Video Streaming With Virtual Reality Glasses During Arteriovenous Fistula Needle Insertion on Pain and Anxiety of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis Treatment
No full textIntroduction Virtual reality headsets are increasingly used in medical procedures to help manage pain and anxiety. This study investigated the effect of a video played through a virtual reality headset on pain and anxiety levels during arteriovenous (AV) fistula needle insertion in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods This randomized controlled trial included 80 patients from a hemodialysis ward, with 40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form (developed by the researcher based on relevant literature to gather descriptive and medical characteristics), the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety levels. The intervention group utilized a virtual reality headset during the procedure. The intervention was applied during a single dialysis treatment. Findings The mean pain score in the intervention (virtual reality headset) group was 6.2 +/- 0.8, significantly lower than the control group's mean pain score of 8.3 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.001). The mean State Anxiety Inventory score for the intervention (virtual reality headset) group was 41.9 +/- 3.6, which was significantly lower than the control group's mean score of 64.6 +/- 3.4 (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this pilot study suggest that using a virtual reality headset significantly reduced both pain and anxiety in patients undergoing AV fistula needle insertion during hemodialysis. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the utility of virtual reality headset use over a prolonged period. Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0677649
Legal and Ethical Approaches to the Usage of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Healthcare in the Scope of Personal Data Protection
No full textLatest developments in technology lead us to the blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and these technologies were easily adopted in our daily lives via smartphones, tablets, and computers. However, the field of use of these technologies is not limited to individual usage. Thanks to them, public services have started to take a path in a quite positive direction. Even though it is predicted that these technologies will overstep their current benefits. Especially in healthcare, these technologies have many impacts that are determined to revolutionize medical science. Moreover, these technologies exceeded the pilot scheme and are currently integrated into the healthcare system. Apart from the interventional practices, AI technologies have started to impact children's health, and this makes sense when considering that today's children would live in the AI era. However, these technologies that can evolve rapidly and by themselves would raise questions, especially in healthcare. The right to health is one of the most important fundamental rights of humans as it is in direct relation with the right to health taking into account. When it comes to pediatrics, it is obvious that these concerns would reach higher levels, especially for the states who has special liabilities on protecting children's rights. In this study, we will explain the legal and ethical causes of these concerns and discuss possible solution
The role of histopathology in the diagnosis of osteochondroma: our experience with eighty-five cases
No full textAim: Osteochondromas are the most common, benign, primary bone tumors with a medullary cavity, covered with hyaline cartilage arising from the juxtaepiphyseal region of the bone. Although they are often asymptomatic, they are operated on due to cosmetic unhappiness, symptoms of pressure on adjacent tissues, pain, and rarely malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate our cases diagnosed with osteochondroma, which presented with different localization and clinical findings, along with conventional cases, and present them in the light of the current literature. Materials and methods: Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stained preparations, if any, of the materials belonging to 88 patients diagnosed with osteochondroma between January 2010 and December 2023 in pathology department of faculty of medicine alwere evaluated. Age, gender, recurrence status, radiological findings and clinical results of the cases were obtained from hospital records. The localization and histopathological features of the tumor were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the 88 cases, 50 (56.8%) were male and 38 (43.2%) were female, the ages ranged between 3 and 58, the average age was 22.83 and the median age was 20. It was determined that the cases most frequently applied to the clinic with the complaint of pain (n: 55, 62.5%). The tumors were most frequently localized in the distal femur (n: 33, 37.5%), and around the knee in most cases (47 cases, 53.4%). In 10 cases with multiple masses, the most common location was the distal femur (n:3, 33.3%), followed by the humerus and proximal tibia (n:2, 20%), followed by the proximal femur, fibula and foot phalanx (n:1, 10%) were watching. It was noted that grade II chondrosarcoma developed based on osteochondroma in only 1 case (1.1%). No malignant transformation or recurrence was observed in the other cases. Conclusions: Osteochondroma is a primary benign tumor of the bone that is more common in males and is most commonly located in the distal femur. The most frequent admission to the clinic is with the complaint of pain, and preferred treatment method is surgical resection. Recurrence of osteochondroma is rarely observed. Although most osteochondromas are seen in long bones, they may present with different atypical localization and clinical findings. Most cases are solitary but multiple forms are seen. It should be kept in mind that, although rare, malignant transformation may develop based on osteochondroma