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Sex Prediction in Turkish Population with Anthropometric Measurements of Scapula on MDCT Images Using Machine Learning Algorithms|Predicción del Sexo en la Población Turca con Mediciones Antropométricas de la Escápula en Imágenes de TCMD Utilizando Algoritmos de Aprendizaje Automático
No full textIdentification studies progress more accurately and easily after sex estimation is realized. Therefore, sex determination is the first step in identification studies. The aim of our study is to perform sex estimation from the scapula using machine learning (ML) algorithms with parameters obtained from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images of the Turkish population. The study was performed on MDCT images of 300 individuals (150 females and 150 males) aged between 20 and 60 years. MDCT images of the scapula were imported into the Radiant DICOM Viewer program and the following parameters were measured: the maximum length of the scapula (SML), the maximum width of the scapula (SMW), the length of the scapular spine (SSL), the length of the glenoid cavity (GCL), the width of the glenoid cavity (GCW), the distance from the coracoid process to the inferior angle (CPIA), the distance from the acromion to the inferior angle (AIA), the distance from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle (GCIA), the thickness of the lateral margin (LBT), the height of the supraspinous fossa (SSH), the height of the infraspinous fossa (ISH), the maximum length of the acromion (AML), and the maximum width of the acromion (AMW). The obtained data were used for sex prediction using ML algorithms. All parameters measured on the scapula were found to have a significant difference in terms of sex (p<0.05). It was determined that the parameters used in sex estimation using ML models had an accuracy rate of 97 %. Using the SHAP solver of the Random Forest algorithm, the parameter of the SSH was found to have the greatest contribution to accuracy. As a result of our study, we think that we can obtain results close to the pelvic morphometry, which is seen as the most dimorphic bone in the literature, when sex determination is made based on scapula morphometry with ML analysis. We believe that our study will make a great contribution to forensic sciences and literature. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Yapay Zekâ Destekli Online Alışveriş Dönemi ve Bunun Marka Hukuku Üzerindeki Etkileri
No full textYapay zekânın fikri mülkiyet hukukuna etkileri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar genel olarak patent ve telif hakkı üzerine odaklanmıştır. Ancak yapay zekâ teknolojisinin her geçen gün daha fazla gelişmesi marka hukuku bakımından da birtakım sonuçlar gündeme getirmektedir. Bu anlamda özellikle online alışverişte yapay zekânın rolünün artması ile tüketici davranışlarını yönlendirme ve şekillendirme konusundaki gücü, marka hukukunun işlevleri ve temel bazı kavramları üzerinde etkilere sebep olmuştur. Çalışmada hem online alışverişe yapay zekânın hangi şekillerde katılım gösterdiği ve bu durumun marka hukuku üzerindeki etkileri ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmeye çalışılmış hem de markaların yapay zekâ ile desteklenen online alışverişte varlıklarını sürdürmeye devam edip edemeyeceği sorgulanmıştır
Thermal performance of Bi12TiO20 crystals: insights into stability and decomposition kinetics
No full textThis study explores the thermal and structural properties of Bi12TiO20 crystals using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. XRD measurements were conducted to confirm the crystalline structure and calculate the lattice parameter, while TGA and DTA were employed to evaluate the material's thermal stability and decomposition behavior. TGA revealed two distinct weight loss regions, approximately 0.9% loss between 490 degrees C-650 degrees C and 1.1% loss between 650 degrees C-840 degrees C. A rapid weight loss beyond 840 degrees C, accompanied by a significant exothermic peak in the DTA curve, was attributed to the structural decomposition of the crystal. DSC analysis identified an exothermic process at approximately 343 degrees C. The comprehensive evaluation of structural and thermal properties in this study not only establishes Bi12TiO20 as a high-performance material but also contributes to a deeper understanding of its potential for advanced technological applications
Mitigating Adversarial Attacks on ECG Classification in Federated Learning via Adversarial Training
No full textFederated Learning (FL) has become an important research area in recent years, particularly when dealing with sensitive data such as healthcare information. Since healthcare data contains critical and personal information, FL provides a major advantage by enabling training on local devices without requiring data to be collected on a central server. In the analysis of healthcare data, such as electrocardiography (ECG), FL enables local processing of data while preserving privacy. However, despite its privacy benefits, FL can be vulnerable to attacks. Malicious inputs aim to degrade model accuracy, known as adversarial attacks (AA), can pose a major threat. Adversarial Training (AT) offers a defense mechanism by increasing model’s robustness against such attacks. Federated Adversarial Training (FAT) extends AT into the FL environment, combining privacy advantages with enhanced resistance to adversarial inputs. In this work, we propose the use of FAT to improve both privacy and security when classifying ECG signals, ensuring robustness against AAs. This approach involves applying AT at the client level by augmenting clean ECG data with adversarial examples generated using the Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) method. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture was employed for local training. Experiments are conducted on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MIT-DB). For comparison, we also trained an FL model without incorporating FAT. Both models were tested on the original test data as well as on adversarially attacked versions generated using PGD, Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Carlini & Wagner (CW), and Basic Iterative Method (BIM). The results show that the FL system with FAT significantly outperforms the system without FAT in resisting AAs, with a slight compromise in performance on the original test data, thus highlighting the effectiveness of FAT in enhancing model robustness against AAs for ECG classification tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/Skyress1/ECG-FAT-Code
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegy Associated with the AP4S1 Gene: A Case Series Highlighting Diagnostic Pitfalls and Phenotypic Variability
No full textIntroduction: Complex hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are defined by progressive spasticity with diverse neurological manifestations, complicating the diagnostic process. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits of the adaptor protein complex-4 (AP4), including the AP4S1 gene, have been implicated in a subset of HSPs. Case Presentation: We report three siblings with complex HSP harboring pathogenic AP4S1 gene variants, focusing on the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic challenges and pitfalls. The patients exhibited common clinical features such as progressive spasticity, distinctive craniofacial features, and neurodevelopmental delays. Neuroimaging findings included agenesis of the corpus callosum and ventricular enlargement in two siblings, whereas one sibling demonstrated normal brain imaging. Initially, these cases were misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy, leading to unwarranted surgical interventions for tethered cord syndrome. Copy number variation analysis identified homozygous deletions in the AP4S1 gene. Conclusion: In patients with progressive spasticity, seizures, distinctive craniofacial features, and neuroimaging anomalies, AP4S1-related HSP should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Enhanced awareness and further studies are vital for improving diagnostic precision and management of these intricate neurogenetic disorders
Posttraumatic growth in lung cancer patients: The role of social and cognitive factors|Akciğer kanseri hastalarında travma sonrası gelişim: Sosyal ve bilişsel faktörlerin rolü
No full textCancer is a physiological disease that poses a significant threat to life. The long-term struggle that begins with the diagnosis of the disease and continues with its treatment and follow-up periods also aggravates the psychological load of the disease. In this context, it is an expected process that cancer has shocking effects on individuals and reveals stress reactions. However, the positive psychological perspective has revealed that negative experiences do not only cause suffering but can also provide some gains for the person. Understanding the factors affecting this positive change, called posttraumatic growth (PTG), has an important value in supporting people who get a second chance in life. For this purpose, this study aimed to examine the posttraumatic growth levels of patients diagnosed with lung cancer with social and cognitive variables. The sample of the study consisted of 90 male lung cancer patients (Mage = 58.18, SDage = 5.82) who applied to the oncology outpatient clinic for health check-ups and whose diagnosed at least 6 months and at most 5 years. In addition to the Posttraumatic Development Scale, the participants completed the Repetitive Thinking Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale to assess the cognitive factor and the Perceived Social Support Scale to assess the social factor. The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PTG scores and perceived social support and intolerance of uncertainty scores, while the regression analysis revealed that the only variable that had a significant effect on posttraumatic growth was perceived social support. According to the results, it is seen that social processes play a role rather than cognitive processes for posttraumatic development. It is understood that cancer patients' perception of the support received from their social environment during the illness process is critically important for posttraumatic growth. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Intentional and Accidental Ingestion of Foreign Body: A Retrospective Single Center Experience
No full textPurpose: Foreign body (FB) ingestion and its impact on gastrointestinal system is one of the most common health problems and emergency situations in gastrointestinal practice. Management of FB may be a great challenge for the endoscopist. We aimed to evaluate the FB in gastrointestinal system and their management. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients with the complaint of FB in upper digestive system. We evaluated the demographic findings of the patients, characteristic of the FB, endoscopic treatment methods and complications from medical records. Results: Total of 85 patients with the complaint of FB ingestion underwent gastroscopy. The mean age of the patients was 46.69 (19-87 years). The ratio of males/females was 66.7% / 33.3%. In 36% of patients, the ingestion of FB was intentionally, whereas 64 % ingested FB accidentally. In cases who ingested FB intentionally, the majority of FB were metallic objects such as lighter, razor blade, battery. Esophageal perforation (1.3%), micro perforation (1.3%), mucosal self-limited bleeding (1.3%), ulcers and superficial lacerations (4%) in esophagus were most important complications which were observed in 6 patients (8%). Conclusion: Our study showed a great variability of FB ingested either intentional or accidentally. The endoscopic approach for retrieval of these subjects is both effective and safe, without significant complications
Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Predictor of Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Pericardiocentesis: A Retrospective Analysis
No full textObjective: Recurrence of pericardial effusion is possible despite the successful completion of pericardiocentesis and initiation of treatment. Predicting recurrence is important for determining treatment strategies. This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the recurrence of effusion in patients who had undergone pericardiocentesis. Method: A total of 113 patients with the evidence of tamponade or pericardial effusion over 10 mm were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 49 months. Patients with and without recurrent effusion were divided into two groups. PNI calculation (PNI = 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (mm3) formula was used. Results: Recurrent pericardial effusion was observed in 30 patients during the follow-up period. There was no difference in age, gender, hypertension, LVEF%, hypertension, and appearance of fluid when the two groups were compared. There was a difference in PNI score and presence of malignancy between the two groups (p: 0.031 and 0.042, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression showed that malignancy and PNI score were independent predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis (p: 0.015 and p: 0.014, respectively). In the ROC analysis, PNI < 40.75 predicts recurrent pericardial effusion with 75% sensitivity and 58% specificity (AUC: 0.626, 95% CI: 0.509–0.742, and p = 0.042). Conclusion: Predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis are important for patient follow-up. PNI is a simple and useful score that can be used to predict recurrent pericardial effusion. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Retrospective Analysis of Balance Parameters in Pregnant Women: A Sub-Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textObjectives: Altered body biomechanics during pregnancy can lead to balance impairments and an increased risk of falls. Clinical exercise interventions can help regulate these biomechanical changes. Methods: A total of 101 pregnant participants (exercise group: n = 50; control group: n = 51) were retrospectively analyzed over an 8-week follow-up period. Single-leg balance parameters, including AP sway, ML sway, total body sway, OSD, and center of pressure velocity and acceleration, were assessed considering limb dominance. Measurements were taken at baseline and week 8. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze time–group interactions, with significance set at p < 0.001. The biomechanical impacts of participant height and body mass on center of pressure dynamics were also considered. Results: The exercise group (EG) demonstrated significant improvements in all balance parameters compared to the control group (CG) (p < 0.001), except for non-dominant anterior-posterior (AP) sway (p = 0.512). In the EG, medio-lateral (ML) and AP sway of the non-dominant limb were minimized, whereas these parameters were significantly increased in the CG. Although both groups exhibited an increased one-leg stance duration (OSD), the improvement was more pronounced in the EG. The controlled improvements observed in the EG suggest a protective effect of exercise on balance, particularly in the dominant limb. Conclusions: Clinical exercise interventions during pregnancy enhance balance parameters, reduce fall risk, and improve functional mobility. These findings suggest that structured exercise programs not only support maternal well-being but also improve reactive balance control. Given the biomechanical changes throughout pregnancy, future studies should examine the center of pressure velocity, acceleration, and the influence of maternal anthropometrics on postural stability to refine exercise recommendations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
A Comparative Analysis of Anxiety, Depression, and Hopelessness Levels in Parents After Retinopathy of Prematurity Examination
No full textPurpose: To evaluate how permitting parents to be present during their infant's retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) staging examination affects their levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at two ROP centers, each following its routine parental attendance protocol. In the parent group, parents were permitted to accompany their infants during screenings, whereas in the no parent group, they were not. Parents completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale immediately following their infant's first ROP examination. Results: A total of 123 parents participated, with 65 in the parent group and 58 in the no parent group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic and clinical variables, except for the proportion of mothers (P = .030). Anxiety, depression, and hopelessness did not significantly differ between the groups. Mothers exhibited higher depression scores than fathers in both groups (P = .011 for the parent group; P = .036 for the no parent group) and higher anxiety scores in the parent group (P = .029). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) duration positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.33, P < .001) and depression (r = 0.25, P = .006). Gestational age and birth weight showed weak negative correlations with anxiety (r =-0.29, P = .001; r =-0.25, P = .006, respectively). Conclusions: Witnessing ROP examinations did not significantly affect parental psychological outcomes. Notably, mothers experienced higher emotional distress than fathers, possibly due to extended NICU stays. Considering parents'opinions before including them in ROP examinations is essential for empathetic and ethical practice