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Evolution of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Research: A Detailed Bibliometric Study
No full textAim: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a complex clinical condition caused by the compression of neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet. Over the past few decades, research on TOS has expanded significantly. This study aims to analyze the literature on TOS using bibliometric methods to identify critical trends, influential authors, prominent themes, and emerging topics in the field. Material and Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Web of Science (WoS) database for articles on TOS published between 1980 and 2023, employing the keyword 'thoracic outlet syndrome.' The collected data were analyzed using bibliometric methods. VOSviewer software was utilized to visualize bibliometric networks and map critical findings. Citation analysis was performed to identify influential journals and significant articles in the field. Additionally, keyword clustering and trend analyses were conducted to explore the thematic landscape of TOS research. Results: In a literature search on TOS, 2248 publications were found, with 1509 journal articles (67.13%) included in the bibliometric summary. The most common research area was surgery (633 articles, 41.94%), and the United States had the highest publication productivity (684 articles, 45.32%). The University of California System had the highest number of publications among institutions (62 articles, 4.1%). These 1509 articles received 7831 citations (6596 excluding self-citations), averaging 13.1 citations per article and with an h-index of 57. 'Annals of Vascular Surgery' published the most articles (71, 4.7%), while 'Journal of Vascular Surgery' had the highest number of cited articles (65, 4.3%), accumulating 2563 citations. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolution and trends of research on TOS. The keyword analysis offers a roadmap for researchers to design new studies. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of economic size and development levels on academic productivity in TOS, underscoring the importance of promoting multidisciplinary studies, especially in less developed countries
Miras Ortaklığında Elbirliği Halinde Hak Sahipliğinden Paylı Hak Sahipliğine Geçilmesi Talebinin Arabuluculuk Süreci Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi
No full textBu çalışmanın konusu miras ortaklığında elbirliği halinde hak sahipliğinden paylı hak sahipliğine geçilmesi talebiyle mahkemeye yapılan başvurunun dava şartı arabuluculuk kapsamında olup olmadığıdır. Bilindiği gibi miras ortaklığında mirasçılar, tereke malları üzerinde elbirliği halinde hak sahibidir. Fakat bu hak sahipliği rejimi, uygulamada çeşitli güçlükleri beraberinde getirir. Bu yüzden mirasçılar paylı hak sahipliğine geçmek isteyebilir. Bu taleple mahkemeye yapılan başvurunun çekişmesiz yargı işi olduğu kabul edildiği takdirde, öncesinde dava şartı arabuluculuğa başvurmanın zorunlu olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Fakat mirasçılar arabuluculuğa başvurarak paylı hak sahipliğine geçilmesi hususunda anlaşırlarsa, bu anlaşmanın hukuki niteliği ve icrasının nasıl olacağının tespiti, bu çalışmada konu edilmektedir
Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f0(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition
No full textDespite the f0(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark (qq¯) meson, a tetraquark (qq¯qq¯) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon (KK¯) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon (qq¯g) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f0(980) state is an ordinary qq¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v2) with the number of constituent quarks (nq), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f0(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f0(980) ? ?+??, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v2 is measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT). It is found that the nq = 2 (qq¯ state) hypothesis is favored over nq = 4 (qq¯qq¯ or KK¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the pT q = 3 (qq¯g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the pT 0(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Enhanced Training with Adaptive Vertex Mixup Against Adversarial Attacks in Federated Learning|Federe grenmede D smanca Ataklara Karsi Uyarlamali D g m Karisimi ile G lendirilmis Egitim
No full text33rd IEEE Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, SIU 2025 -- -- Istanbul; Isik University Sile Campus -- 211450Federated learning is a modern machine learning approach that enables data to be processed on local devices without being sent to a central server, offering advantages such as privacy and scalability. However, due to the nature of this distributed structure, various challenges arise regarding the security of the model and especially adversarial attacks can compromise the integrity of the system. To address this challenge, this study proposes a defense mechanism against adversarial attacks called Adaptive veRtex Mixup Federated Adversarial Training (ARM-FAT). ARM-FAT introduces a coefficient that adaptively controls the loss obtained from its underlying AVmixup algorithm, as well as providing loss values representing robustness and clean data. ARM-FAT is compared with the adversarial training methods in the literature on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets. The results show that the ARM-FAT method outperforms the existing methods against adversarial attacks. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Isik Universit
İlmihal Türünde Bir Literatür İncelemesi: Ebü’l-Leys Es-Semerkandî’nin Mukaddimetü’s-Salâtı ve Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmalar
No full textEbü’l-Leys es-Semerkandî’nin Mukaddimetü’s-salât adlı eseri Hanefî mezhebinin namaz, abdest ve taharet konularındaki görüşlerini sistematik bir şekilde sunarak ilmihâl literatüründe önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Üzerine yazılan şerh, haşiye, tercüme ve manzum çalışmalar eserin geniş bir coğrafyada etkili olmasını sağlamışsa da bu metinlerin aidiyeti, nüsha varyasyonları ve yöntem farklılıkları gibi sorunlar literatürü karmaşıklaştırmıştır. Bu makale, eserin tarihî bağlamını ve üzerine yapılan çalışmaları analiz ederek yazma eser kataloglarındaki yanlışlıklar, aidiyet karmaşaları ve eksik istinsahlar gibi sorunları ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, yazma eserlerin tespit ve tasnifi, literatürdeki sorunların giderilmesine yönelik birincil hedef olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tarihî bağlamın ve yöntemsel farkların daha net ortaya konması için karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Literatürdeki metodolojik eksiklikleri belirleyerek, gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara sağlam bir temel oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu kapsamda, eser üzerine yapılan çalışmaların doğru değerlendirilmesini sağlamak için daha titiz bir kaynak taraması ve eleştirel bir yöntem önerilmektedir. Böylece, Mukaddimetü’s-salât’ın ilmî ve kültürel mirası daha kapsamlı bir şekilde ortaya konulabilecektir
Comprehensive optical characterization of InSe layered crystals: linear and nonlinear response via spectroscopic ellipsometry
No full textLayered indium selenide (InSe) crystals were thoroughly examined using spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical transmission techniques to explore their linear and nonlinear optical behavior. The absorption edge analysis yielded direct band gap energy of 1.22 eV and Urbach energy of 19.7 meV, indicating the degree of structural disorder and electron-phonon coupling in the material. The dielectric function components, refractive index and extinction coefficient were modeled over a wide spectral range, and critical point transitions were extracted through second-derivative analysis of the dielectric spectra. Furthermore, the energy-dependent optical and electrical conductivities revealed prominent features corresponding to interband transitions. Nonlinear optical parameters, first- and third-order susceptibilities, were derived from the refractive index dispersion using established analytical relations. The findings confirm that InSe exhibits strong and tunable optical responses, emphasizing its potential in optoelectronic and photonic device applications
Test of lepton flavor universality in semileptonic (Formula presented) meson decays in proton-proton collisions at (Formula presented)
No full textA measurement of the ratio of branching fractions (Formula presented) in the (Formula presented), (Formula presented) decay channel is presented. This measurement uses a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of (Formula presented) by the CMS experiment in 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented). The measured ratio, (Formula presented), agrees with the value of (Formula presented) predicted by the standard model, which assumes lepton flavor universality. By testing lepton flavor universality, this measurement is a probe of new physics using (Formula presented) mesons, which are currently only produced at the LHC. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, MBIE; Ministry of Education and Science, MES; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, DAE; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU; National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????; National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD; National Science Foundation, NSF; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, IN2P3; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Universiti Malaya, UM; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST; Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR; Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, DST; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA; Research Council of Finland, AKA; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, TENMAK; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFIH; Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Science Foundation Ireland, SFI; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Cosmetic Surgery Foundation, CSF; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GSRI; Bulgarian National Science Fund, BNSF; Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit, DEZA; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Minciencias; Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, MHESRI; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, SRNSF; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM; Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo del Sureste de Mexico, LNS; CERN; Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, UASLP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; European Research Council, ERC, (MoER TK202); European Research Council, ER
Energy-scaling behavior of intrinsic transverse-momentum parameters in Drell-Yan simulation
No full textAn analysis is presented based on models of the intrinsic transverse momentum (intrinsic k(T)) of partons in nucleons by studying the dilepton transverse momentum in Drell-Yan events. Using parameter tuning in event generators and existing data from fixed-target experiments and from hadron colliders, our investigation spans 3 orders of magnitude in center-of-mass energy and 2 orders of magnitude in dilepton invariant mass. The results show an energy-scaling behavior of the intrinsic k(T) parameters, independent of the dilepton invariant mass at a given center-of-mass energy.SC (Armenia); BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria); FNRS (Belgium); FWO (Belgium); CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil); FAPERJ (Brazil); FAPERGS (Brazil); FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China); MoST (China); NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, (Estonia); RVTT3 (Estonia); MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland); MEC(Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF(Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE (India); DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI (Spain); PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey); TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE (USA); NSF (USA)We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)
Risk Analysis of Five-Axis CNC Water Jet Machining Using Fuzzy Risk Priority Numbers
No full textThe reliability and safety of five-axis CNC abrasive water jet machining are critical for many industries. This study employs Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify and mitigate potential failures in this machining system. Traditional FMEA, which relies on crisp numerical values, often struggles with handling uncertainty in risk assessment. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy FMEA (IVSF-FMEA) approach, which enhances risk evaluation by incorporating membership, non-membership, and hesitancy degrees. The IVSF-FMEA method leverages the inherent rotational symmetry of interval-valued spherical fuzzy sets and the permutation symmetry among severity, occurrence, and detectability criteria, resulting in a transformation-invariant and unbiased risk assessment framework. Applying IVSF-FMEA to seven periodic failure (PF) modes in five-axis CNC water jet machining achieves a more precise prioritization of risks, leading to improved decision-making and resource allocation. The findings highlight improper fixturing of the workpiece (PF6) as the most critical failure mode, with the highest RPN value of -0.54, followed by mechanical vibrations (PF2) and tool wear and breakage (PF1). This indicates that ensuring proper fixturing stability is essential for maintaining machining accuracy and preventing defects. Comparative analysis with traditional FMEA demonstrates the superiority of the proposed fuzzy-based approach in handling subjective assessments and reducing ambiguity. The findings highlight improper fixturing, mechanical vibrations, and tool wear as the most critical failure modes, necessitating targeted risk mitigation strategies. This research contributes to advancing risk assessment methodologies in complex manufacturing environments
Legal liability of the physician in medical interventions for aesthetic and beautification purposes
No full textGüzellik kelimesinin en belirgin tanımı, 18. yüzyıl da Fransız Edebiyatçısı olan Stendhal tarafından "mutluluk vaadi" şeklinde yapılmıştır. İnsanların bu anlayışı çağlar boyu değişmemiş ve insanlar tarafından güç ve mutluluğun kaynağının 'fiziksel olarak güzel ve kusursuz olmak' olduğu düşünülmüştür. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nce sağlığın tanımı 'sağlık, insan bedeninde yalnızca hastalığın olmaması demek değildir.'' şeklinde yapılmıştır. Yani sağlık, insanın, hastalığının olmamasının yanında ayrıca beden olarak, ruh sağlığı olarak ve toplumsal olarak da bütün bir iyilik halinde olmasıdır. Modern çağda, estetik alandaki gelişmelerin getirilerinden olan beden olarak formda olmak ve güzel olmak konuları, kişilere gerçek güzelliğin, aslında estetik cerrahi ile meydana gelebilen güzellik olduğu görüşünü empoze etmektedir. Tüm bunların yanında, tıp teknolojisindeki gelişmeler, plastik ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi alanındaki gelişmeler de son zamanlarda insanların estetik müdahalelere yönelimini fark edilir derecede artırmıştır. Bu artışta, toplumlardaki estetik anlayışlarının değişmesinin, insanlardaki daha güzel veya yakışıklı olmak isteğinin artmasının, insanların daha güzelleştiğini düşündükçe kendini daha iyi hissetmesinin, güzelleştikçe kendine güven duygusunun artmasının, bu sayede de hayatta daha aktif rol almasının katkısı oldukça fazla olmuştur. Tüm bunların yanı sıra, insanların estetik müdahaleler için gerekli ücretlerin ulaşılabilir olması, tıptaki ve özellikle estetik cerrahî alanındaki sınır tanımaz gelişmelerin olmasının da katkısı oldukça fazla olmuştur. Tüm bu gelişmeler yaşanırken, bu tür müdahalelerde ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki uyuşmazlıkların çözümü üstünde fazla durulmamış, estetik hekimlerin sorumluluğu da, diğer hekimlerin sorumluluğunda olduğu gibi ayrıca bir kanun ile düzenlenmediğinden, bu alandaki boşluk, genel nitelikteki Türk Borçlar Kanunu hükümleriyle doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada ilk olarak estetik ve güzelleştirme amaçlı tıbbi müdahale ile ilgili temel kavramlar ve hasta ile hekim arasında kurulan hukuki ilişkiden bahsedilecek, devamında estetik ve güzelleştirme amaçlı tıbbi müdahalelerde hekimin ve hastanın yükümlülükleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Sonrasında estetik ve güzelleştirme amaçlı tıbbi müdahalelerde ki hekimin hukuki sorumluluğu ve hekimin hukuki sorumluluğunun sonuçlarından bahsedilerek konu bir bütün halinde ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır.The most prominent definition of "beauty" was made by the 18th-century French literary figure Stendhal, who described it as "a promise of happiness." This understanding has remained consistent throughout the ages, with people believing that the source of power and happiness lies in being "physically beautiful and flawless." According to the World Health Organization, health is not merely the absence of disease in the human body. In addition to being disease-free, a person must also achieve a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. In the modern era, the desire to be fit and physically attractive—fueled by advancements in aesthetics—has instilled the notion that true beauty is, in fact, the beauty that can be attained through aesthetic surgery. Moreover, recent advancements in medical technology, particularly in plastic and reconstructive surgery, have significantly increased people's inclination toward aesthetic interventions. This rise is heavily influenced by the shifting perceptions of beauty within societies, the growing desire to be more attractive, and the psychological benefits individuals experience when they feel more beautiful. These benefits include enhanced self-confidence, stronger self-esteem, and the ability to take a more active role in life. Additionally, the affordability of aesthetic procedures and the boundless progress in medical science—particularly in aesthetic surgery—have further contributed to the increasing demand for such interventions. Despite these developments, little emphasis has been placed on resolving legal disputes arising from these procedures. Since the responsibilities of aesthetic physicians have not been regulated by a separate legal framework, unlike other medical practices, this legal gap has been addressed by applying the general provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations. In this context, the study first discusses the basic concepts related to medical interventions for aesthetic and beautification purposes and the legal relationship between the patient and the physician. It then focuses on the obligations of both the physician and the patient in such interventions. Lastly, the study examines the legal responsibility of physicians in aesthetic and beautification procedures and explores the consequences of these responsibilities, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the subject