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On Paper Diagnostics: A Brief History and Future Perspectives
Full text linkFor centuries, diagnostic technologies have played a key role in medicine. Effective diagnostics can help clinicians identify the presence and extent of disease in their patients, as well as their general health. Precipitated by advances in biochemistry, chemistry, and engineering, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed rapid advancement in diagnostic technologies. However, these improvements have brought increased complexity and a corresponding move towards more centralized and specialized laboratories. This has led to significant healthcare disparities between high- and low/middle-income regions. However, with the introduction of paper-based diagnostics this paradigm has begun to shift, with new assay formats designed for point-of-care (PoC) or at-home use. By leveraging innovations from multiple fields, these paper-based tests can translate complex assay procedures into easy-to-use, single-step tests for the end user. In this review, we summarize the interdisciplinary beginnings of paper-based diagnostics, detailing their development through market introduction and commercial successes, and discuss the current state-of-the-art. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement and propose pathways that could enable increasingly complex chemistries to be performed on simple paper-based devices
Mössbauer Spectroscopy as a Valuable Analysis Technique in Biomedical Research
Full text linkMössbauer spectroscopy is an effective technique used to examine the iron atom electronic environments in both biomolecular molecules and whole animal studies. Because of its sensitivity to nuclear hyperfine interactions, this technique yields incredibly accurate data regarding the electronic and magnetic states of nuclei, chemical bonds, and the local electronic environment structure around iron atoms. This review demonstrates how Mössbauer spectroscopy contributes to biomedical sciences. The use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the fields of general biology is discussed, as well as studies that included bacterial analyses, studies related to protein materials, and pharmaceutical studies. In addition, although beyond the scope of this review, the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy to study model compounds to aid in understanding the iron proteins is briefly referred to
Interactive Learning Tools to Visualize Chemistry and its Connections: Chemical Education Highlights
No full textOpen access, peer-reviewed interactive learning tools for the education community to see and understand why isotopes matter, the science of climate change, planetary boundaries, and the responsible practice of chemistry
A Tribute to Veronika Meyer: From the members of the board of the Division of Analytical Sciences of the SCS
Full text linkTransport, Dynamics, and Phase Behavior of Soft Matter Under Nanoconfinement
Full text linkNanoscale confinement strongly alters the behavior of soft matter, from polymer crystallization to lipid self-assembly. In this mini review, we summarize recent progress on how confinement impacts molecular transport, crystallization, dynamics, and phase behavior in two distinct media: hard confinement in inorganic nanopores and soft confinement in lipidic mesophases. In the first part, we highlight polymer transport and dynamics in rigid nanopores, emphasizing how chain topology (linear, star-shaped, hyperbranched) governs confined crystallization and relaxation dynamics. In the second part, we turn to lipidic mesophases as biomimetic soft confining media, where phase transitions and molecular transport are intricately coupled to hydration and interfacial interactions. Together, these studies reveal that confinement effects arise not only from geometry but also from surface interactions, and that their interplay determines the structure and dynamics of confined matter. Understanding these principles opens avenues for applications in drug delivery, cryo-enzymology, and nanofabrication of functional materials and devices
Mechanochemical Degradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs): A Simple Tool for the Prediction of Drug Stability
Full text linkKnowledge of the potential degradation products of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is of major interest for the development and approval of new drugs. Therefore, methodologies for the time-efficient and precise prediction of degradation products and pathways are of great importance. Traditional degradation assessments typically involve solution-based forced degradations under acidic, basic, thermal, or photolytic conditions. However, such conditions often fail to accurately replicate degradation pathways relevant to solid-state formulations. A promising addition to the established solvent-based approaches are forced degradation processes in the solid-state using mechanochemistry. The newly developed methodologies enable a time-efficient and accurate simulation of degradation pathways under mild reaction conditions in the solid-state. Herein, the general principles of forced mechanochemical degradations will be discussed on the basis of published case studies involving marketed drugs
Modeling and Simulation of Reacting Systems: A COMSOL Multiphysics Approach for Chemistry Education
Full text linkThis article presents a comprehensive overview of modeling and simulation strategies for chemically reacting systems using the COMSOL Multiphysics®software, with a focus on applications in chemical engineering and chemistry education. Beginning with the historical development of the Chemical Reaction Engineering Module and its integration with the CFD Module, we describe how these tools implement the equations of change, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamics for both idealized and spatially resolved systems. The modeling strategy emphasizes a progression from space-independent models to fully coupled multiphysics simulations, illustrated with examples including selective catalytic reduction, heterogeneous catalysis with dual-porosity media, and reacting flow systems in pharmaceutical processes. The use of extra dimensions for intraparticle transport, as well as integration of fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions, demonstrates the software’s capability to address multiscale and multiphysics problems. Finally, we discuss emerging approaches using surrogate models and deep neural networks to accelerate simulations and enable real-time interactivity in the classroom. These methods broaden the pedagogical scope, enabling students – from undergraduate students to graduate researchers – to explore complex reacting systems with greater accessibility, speed, and engagement