International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences
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IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SAARC COUNTRIES
Get PDFThe current state of corruption has posed serious challenges to the stability of the macroeconomic environment causing the displacement of foreign direct investment (FDI). In this article the researchers have studied the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment in SAARC countries. Where corruption is something, “the use of public finance for private purposes” and its impact on foreign direct investment, which is “the direct acquisition of ownership in the host country”. Due to the present mysterious status of this issue (corruption) this article studied the impact of corruption on FDI and to know the unusual effect which it has on the economy of the host country. This study has been conducted over SAARC countries, which is labeled as “emerging” countries and they are most affected countries to face such problem. SAARC countries are under study, which is consisted eight countries, namely, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Sari Lanka and Maldives. Afghanistan has been excluded from this study because of insufficiency of the required data. So, sample of the study is concerned up to seven SAARC countries and a time period of sixteen year, which is from 2001-2016.The corruption index, corruption perception index (CPI) is used as a proxy for corruption. CPI indexes are published by transparency international by using different sorts of parameter for its calculation on perception bases. For the obtaining of a validating result, we have also included some of the control variables which are economic development of the host country, trade openness, infrastructures and Market size. A panel data technique is used for the estimation which elaborated the common effect model. The key findings are that corruption has a significant relationship with foreign direct investment. As this result is just on SAARC countries those have some similarities in their issues; this research may also apply on some other international organization like ASEAN etc. For an individual country analysis the sort of research may apply for the identification of the results of the corruption’s impact on FDI inflows. The government should focus on the corruption issues as it has a significant relationship with country econom
IMPACT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING WITH THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE VOICE
Get PDFThere has been a lot of emphases laid upon Business ethics in the organizations and it has influenced the organization’s performance. Therefore, ethical leadership is important as it has influenced the employees profoundly. The literature indicates that a lack of ethical leadership has contributed to the penetration of different forms of corruption and other destructive practices in the organizations that have ultimately caused such corporate failures. However, the literature does not theorize and provide empirical evidence to determine whether ethical leadership affects employee’s wellbeing, Job satisfaction and employee voice. This study aims to address this issue and explore the influence ethical leadership has on employees by examining job satisfaction, employee voice and wellbeing at work. The data was collected from the education sector of Punjab. Our findings based on questionnaires (N=254) from faculty members of the universities. This study shows that ethical leadership has a significant and positive impact on employee well-being, job satisfaction and employee voice. The findings of this study also showed that job satisfaction and employee voice mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and employee well-being. This study also provides important practical implications
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNANCE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN, INDIA & BANGLADESH
Get PDFPurpose: Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a vital role in the economic growth and development of the developing countries. This study examines the governance and its impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study measure country governance through voice and accountability , government effectiveness, rule of law, regulatory quality, political stability and absence of violence and control of corruption controlling for macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product, inflation, exchange rate and rate of interest. Pooled and Panel data analysis is performed.
Findings: The empirical results suggested that that Rule of law has negative impact on FDI whereas Government effectiveness, Regulatory quality and Gross domestic product have positive impacts on FDI Moreover, the Hausman test results suggested that random effect is prevailing in data, While Breush Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test suggested that pool model analysis is preferred over panel data.Implications: From the results it is concluded the three countries has poor governance comparatively to the develop countries. So they need to improve its governance to attract more and more FDI inflow. If there is good governance in a country so more and more investors will invest in the country. So the government should adopt such sound policies and should promot
MARKET SPECIFIC TECHNICAL INDICATORS COMBINING THE WISDOM OF CROWD
Get PDFTo improve the profitability and predictability of financial markets we highlight the issue of relevant technical indicators (TI) for different markets. In previous studies, not much attention has been given to feature selection problem by counting on the most popular technical indicators or following the footsteps of related literature. This research work is focusing on the importance of feature selection problem. There is no specific set of TI that is good enough to predict every market price movement. TI which are good predictors of developed markets are not suitable for emerging or frontier markets. The analysis is based on a well diversified sample of nine countries representing developed, emerging and frontier markets as per the categorization of Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI). We use random forest (RF) technique for feature selection from a group of 90 technical indicators. The results show that top five technical indicators are different for each market according to Gini index. Even within the three categories of market, these indicators and their ranking varies. Hence, appropriate feature selection according to market eventually improves the accuracy of predictive model and profitability.
Purpose: Finding the relevant technical indicators for financial market is crucial for financial market prediction. There is no particular set of technical indicators that fits all financial market since every market has its own dynamics and it is important to first select the technical indicators that reflects the market conditions rather than using the most commonly employed technical indicators.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Random forest technique is used to find the relevant technical indicator. And each indicator is ranked according to Gini index. Findings: The analysis suggest that the set of technical indicators is not the same for every financial market. Further with in the categories of developed markets, emerging markets and frontier markets the set of technical indicators changes.
Implications/Originality/Value: Hence, it is summarized that to improve the forecasting ability of the predictive model it is important to find the market specific technical indicators that will end up in higher profit for investors
BEST STRATEGIES TO RECRUIT INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BUSINESS INSTITUTES IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFPurpose: Pakistan’s HEIs are struggling to improve the quality and meets international standards. International students perform a vital part in the globalization of universities. The ratio of international students in Pakistan is increasing but still there is a room for the country’s HEIs to internationalize through recruitment of international students. This paper aims to explore various strategies implemented in the Pakistan’s business institutes to attract the international students.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative methodology is applied through using five Likert scale. The data was collected from twelve business institutes in Pakistan. The data was supplemented through interviews from head of the QECs. Twelve best strategies are extracted, and the implementation of these strategies are evaluated through creating groups on dendrogram presentation in group analysis. Findings: Results highlight three groups; First group has ten strategies that are mostly implemented. Second group have one strategy that is moderately implemented, and third group have also one strategy that is never implemented in the business institutes in Pakistan.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study is limited for only business institutes so similar studies can be done with other disciplines to enhance it generalizability
HOW DOES SPIRIT AT WORK DRIVE SELLING EFFORT? EVIDENCE FROM PHARMACEUTICAL SALESFORCE
Get PDFDespite growing interest in workplace spirituality consequences, organizations are urged to better understand how workplace spirituality influences workplace behaviors (e.g. Fox, Webster & Casper, 2018). In this connection, this study proposes and empirically examines how individual-level workplace spirituality predicts selling effort via salesforce intrinsic motivation in Pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan to promote underresearched Muslim countries and its workplaces with diverse spiritual traditions than extensively studied Christian societies. Data were collected from field salespersons employed by pharmaceutical companies operating in the Lahore region of Pakistan to test hypothesized relationships. Findings indicate individual-level spirit at work drives selling effort above and beyond what is positively mediated by intrinsic motivation. This research endeavor improves the legitimacy of workplace spirituality and makes it mainstream to organizational studies which will prevent marginalization of research on this topic
CAUSE RELATED MARKETING AND GREEN PRODUCTS PURCHASE DECISION
Get PDFPurpose: Current environmental problems has forced marketing managers, academics and research companies to look for factors that might encourage consumers to buy green products. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to empirically investigate the impact of cause–related marketing on green products purchase decision specifically in Pakistan’s context. It examines the level of influence CRM has on green products purchase decision.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current study is primarily based on quantitative research design that used structured questionnaires to collect the data from 4 cities of Pakistan. Data was collected through cross sectional method.
Findings: The results revealed that cause-related marketing has a positive and significant relationship with green product purchase decision in Pakistan. People of Pakistan have positive inclination towards green products which are associated with any social or environmental cause.
Implications/Originality/Value: On the basis of this research it can be concluded that cause-related marketing technique creates brand’s reputation, brand attitude and make people socially responsibility by involving community
PREDICTING STOCK MARKET DIRECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS
Get PDFForecasting of stock prices has been a challenging area due to its complex and dynamic nature. There are several evidences that traditional econometrics based predictive models encountered significant challenges due to parameter instability. The aim of this study is to apply three classifiers namely, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN) to predict the Pakistani stock market’s direction and to compare the prediction accuracy. Daily closing prices are collected from yahoo server from 2013 to 2018. Famous 30 market indicators are applied to predict the market direction by using Random Forest, Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks. Model accuracy is evaluated using the confusion matrix. The empirical findings reveal that Neural Network performs best with the highest accuracy of 91%. Model specific, top five input indicators are used by applying feature selection in all classifiers. Interestingly, optimization improves the prediction accuracy in case of neural networks (NN) and support vector machine (SVM)) models while Random Forest’s (RF) accuracy did not improve. These findings have great importance for institutional investors and management companies having flexibility to accelerate or postpone their investment decisions
MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR
Get PDFPurpose: The major purpose of this study is to investigate the mediation of psychological empowerment and on the relationship between the Independent and dependent variable i.e inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior IWB. Design/Methodology/Approach: Total 387 questionnaires are filled by the employees (nurses) working in the private hospitals of Pakistan. AMOS and SPSS is used to analyzed the data. Findings: This study reveals that their psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior. The results os this study shows that there is positive relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior. Results also shows that the relationship between inclusive leaders and innovative work behavior is positively mediated by the psychological empowerment. Implications/Originality/Value: In the literature of IWB this study adds the empirically testing the mediation of psychological empowerment on Inclusive leadership – innovative work behavior link
DO CONFLİCT TYPES DETERMİNE CONFLİCT MANAGEMENT STYLES?
Get PDFIt is commonly accepted that the most important source for businesses is their employees. Since employees are human beings, it is also normal to observe certain conflicts among them in the organizations. This research paper focused on the relationship between conflict types and conflict management styles. A survey was conducted in finance sector in Hargeisa, Somalia, and received 395 valid responses. Based on data analysis, it was found out that certain conflict management styles determine certain conflict management styles in organizations. For instance, when the type of conflict is about relationship tension, disagreements within work group about the task of the project, disagreement about resource allocation, or disagreements about the optimal amount of time to spend on different parts of group work; the preferred conflict management style is voting