CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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El humanismo pedagógico de Janusz Korczak y el rey de los niños
No full textThis article reviews the revised Spanish translation of the most iconic work by Polish educator and writer Janusz Korczak, King Matt the First, which tells the story of Matt, a ten-year-old boy who inherits the throne and embarks on a reign rooted in education and the defence of children’s rights. Through accessible and humorous language, Korczak introduces readers to complex topics such as diplomacy, the press, and democracy. The article also offers insight into Korczak’s life: a doctor, educator, and tireless advocate for childhood, who founded two orphanages in Warsaw and died alongside the orphans in Treblinka. The novel reflects his educational philosophy: self-governance and the deep conviction that education is the key to changing the world.El presente artículo reseña la traducción revisada de la obra más emblemática del pedagogo y escritor polaco Janusz Korczak, El rey Mateíto I, que narra la historia de Mateíto, un niño de diez años que hereda el trono y emprende un reinado basado en la educación y la defensa de los derechos de los niños. A través de un lenguaje accesible y lleno de humor, Korczak introduce a los lectores temas complejos como la diplomacia, la prensa o la democracia. El artículo también ofrece una mirada a la vida de Korczak: médico, pedagogo y defensor incansable de la infancia, que fundó dos orfanatos en Varsovia y murió junto a sus huérfanos en Treblinka. La obra refleja sus ideas educativas: la autogestión y la convicción de que la educación es la vía para cambiar el mundo
The Role of Linguistic Intertextuality in the Construction of Multimodal Metaphor in Contemporary Street Dance
No full textThis paper examines the role of linguistic intertextuality in shaping the cognitive process of metaphorical meaning-making in contemporary street dance performances. By analyzing how intertextual elements influence multimodal metaphors, the study reveals the impact of linguistic cues on audience interpretation. Data from three performances in the World of Dance competition are analyzed using Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier and Turner) and Intertextuality (Kristeva). The research addresses two questions: a) How do intertextual references shape multimodal metaphors in dance? b) What role do linguistic elements play in enhancing cognitive comprehension? Findings indicate: 1) Intertextual references enrich multimodal metaphors, deepening audience engagement. 2) Linguistic elements activate background knowledge and cultural references, enhancing cognitive comprehension and the viewer’s experience. These insights highlight how integrating linguistic elements enriches multimodal presentations and contributes to discussions in multimodal discourse analysis, emphasizing the power of language in dynamic performance art
The General Prologue to “The Canterbury Tales” in Serbian: Aspects of Versificational and Lexical Equivalence
No full textThe paper discusses two aspects of Boris Hlebec’s 1983 translation of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer: the versificational and the lexical. It sheds light on the regularities and peculiarities of Chaucer’s metre, like the iambic pentameter, but also its extrametrical eleventh syllable, and sets the original against the hendecasyllabic metre, one of the most natural metres in Serbian poetry, to demonstrate a higher incidence of the 5+6 syllable matrix in translation than is the frequency of the pure iamb in the English text. The caesura is also shown to occur more often after syllable 5 in Serbian than after syllable 4 in English. By far the most frequent rhyme in translation is feminine, with sporadic occurrences of masculine or dactylic variants, and some instances of words shifted within a line, or occasionally lines with switched places within couplets. In order to give the text a more archaic overtone, the translator resorted to a number of Turkish/Oriental loanwords used from the epic stock; he also employed specific trade-based lexical items for the pilgrims, and he relied on some comic-epic vocabulary present in folk tales and the best of Serbian translations of humorous mediaeval narratives
Swearwords in English-Polish Audiovisual Translation of TV Series: A Corpus-Based Analysis
No full textThe aim of this study is to provide insights into how contemporary English- Polish audiovisual translation of subtitles approaches swearwords; the study is based on a quantitative analysis of practices in the translation of swearwords by Polish professional translators. To conduct the study, I built a small parallel corpus (16,210 tokens) that consists of 1,209 entries of English subtitle lines containing swearwords and their relevant Polish translations. The corpus features manually sampled subtitle lines from five contemporary translations of TV series created for Netflix. I analyzed and annotated the translations based on a simplified version of the typology by Garcarz and contrasted the results with the theoretical and practical guidelines proposed by the existing resources on audiovisual translation as well as the official guidelines set by Netflix. The analysis shows that the translators who are free of externally-imposed censorship are still likely to omit and neutralize swearwords in translation into Polish. The extent to which this happens appears to be an individual tendency of translators, as different texts produced highly variable results in this study. Stronger swearwords like the word “fuck” do also face significantly more omission than their less expressive counterparts
Czarne cierpienie, dekontekstualizacja i problemy współczesnego horroru rasowego
No full textThis article examines the problematic issues surrounding horror films that have addressed race since the release of Get Out. The article outlines the significance of Jordan Peele’s feature film debut, considering context of black horror, as well as the subsequent transformations within the genre and general history and characterization of race in horror films and racebased horror films. Contemporary black horror is critically examined through the film Antebellum and the television series Them. Analysis is conducted using theories and concepts such as excitation-transfer theory and catharsis. These are combined with contemporary critical tools such as cultural trauma and memory, along with black trauma porn. The article concludes with remarks on the principles of the film industry, particularly in relation to the target audience of contemporary black horror and marketing attempts to build a progressive image in the times of heightened racial awareness during a period of increasing violence against black Americans
Cywilna kontrola nad armią w ZSRR i III Rzeszy do 1945 roku
No full textThe purpose of this article is to synthetically analyse the evolution of the mechanisms of civilian control of the army by the ruling parties used until 1945 in the totalitarian political systems of the USSR and the Third Reich. The author centres his analysis on the circumstances of the establishment of armies in the two countries under study and the extent to which the traditions and continuity of the respective armies have been preserved, as well as the organisational and personnel changes implemented in the command structures, the extent of political control and involvement of officer cadres in the Soviet and German armed forces, and the degree to which instruments of violence were employed. The analysis leads to the author’s conclusion that, despite the differing circumstances surrounding the formation of the armies studied and the diversity of the instruments used, in the end civilian control assumed a similar character
W służbie imperializmu. Rudolfa Kjellena koncepcja granic
No full textThis article presents a reconstruction of the concept of borders formulated by Rudolf Kjellen and its geopolitical consequences. The text refers to the content analysis of selected publications by Kjellen and makes use of the systemic method, in which geopolitics and state borders constitute a complex sub-system of state theory. The text seeks to answer the following research questions: What was the basis of Kjellen’s theory of the state, and what is the significance of the concept of borders inside its framework? On what did he base his systematics of borders and how did he evaluate their different variants? How did geopolitics correlate with his vision of political borders? The organic theory of the state assigned political borders a relative and temporal role. Kjellen recognized the contradictory functions of political borders between protecting the state from external influences and threats, as well as mediating the opening and outward expansion that was necessary to gain adequate living space. He referred the analysis of political borders to the strength of a particular state and its boundary lines at a particular time. He preferred large, expansive powers which deprived smaller states of their right to exist. In this sense, borders were not only empirical, delineated boundary lines on the ground and on the map, but reflected the variable will and strength of the state actors delineating them, determined also by numerous qualitative factors
Totalitaryzm a wolność człowieka według Isaiaha Berlina
No full textIsaiah Berlin is considered as one of the most outstanding researchers of the concept of freedom. His distinction between “positive” and “negative freedom” is still one of the foundations of any reflection related to human freedom. The aim of this article is to prove the research thesis that the dichotomy of the concept of freedom presented by Berlin may lead to the danger of misreading the concept of “positive freedom” as a source justifying the emergence and development of authoritarian and totalitarian theories. The research area is limited to Berlin’s considerations contained in the essay “Two Concepts of Freedom”. In order to correctly prove the presented thesis, it is necessary to define both key concepts of freedom (“negative and positive”), at the same time bringing closer Berlin’s dichotomy of the “higher and lower self”, the interpretation of which made in the spirit of the metaphysics of rationality may lead to the justification of praising social relations based on the complete subordination of human will of people not guided by reason. The article is based on the research method consisting in the analysis of the source text enriched with references to the subject literature
Przedsiębiorstwo państwowe jako podstawowa forma organizacyjno-prawna prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej w okresie Polski Ludowej
No full textThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate the state’s influence exerted over its economy in a totalitarian or authoritarian political system. The main point of interest is the scope of direct involvement of the state in the commercial activity process as well as the organizational forms of such activity chosen by the state. The abovementioned problem is examined using an example of People’s Poland– the authoritarian (and for a short period also totalitarian) form of Polish statehood in existence between 1944 and 1989. The main type of organisational form of state’s commercial activity examined in this paper is the form of state’s enterprise. It’s origin, developement and usage in the period of Polish authoritarian and totalitarian regimes is the primary focus of this paper