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Aktualność filozofii
No full textThe article presents the first Polish translation of Theodor W. Adorno’s early text The Actuality of Philosophy, originally delivered as a lecture at the University of Frankfurt in 1931. In this seminal work, Adorno critically examines the status of philosophy in the aftermath of the collapse of idealist systems. Addressing this problematic, he elaborates a project of materialist and dialectical philosophy, drawing on and reinterpreting core concepts developed by Walter Benjamin. Notably, the lecture marks the first articulation of the essay as the appropriate and distinctive form of philosophical practice.Artykuł jest przekładem wczesnego tekstu Theodora W. Adorna „Aktualność filozofii”, wygłoszonego w formie wykładu w 1931 roku na Uniwersytecie we Frankfurcie. Autor podejmuje próbę przemyślenia kondycji filozofii po rozpadzie systemów idealistycznych. W odpowiedzi na tę problematykę, poprzez reinterpretację podstawowych pojęć Waltera Benjamina, Adorno szkicuje projekt filozofii materialistycznej i dialektycznej. W tekście po raz pierwszy została sformułowana idea eseju jako właściwej formy filozofii
Uwzględnianie różnic kulturowych w międzykulturowych relacjach romantycznych
No full textThe globalised world offers unique opportunities for personal and mutual growth through intercultural romantic relationships. The article discusses how couples can successfully overcome various types of differences. It is crucial to understand the concept of culture in order to grasp the dynamics in intercultural romantic relationships. In addition, both the challenges and solutions of intercultural communication are highlighted. Through semi-structured interviews, this article offers insights into the real-life experiences of intercultural couples. Couples consisting of Polish women and foreign men living in Poland who have been together for at least around one year were invited to participate in the research; these were a Polish-Italian, a Polish-Iranian, a Polish-Chilean and a Polish-Japanese couple. Whilst it is true that the partners in question discovered many differences during the course of their relationship, in retrospect this proved to be nothing exceptional that other non-intercultural couples would not be confronted with. A great distance towards their own cultures was shown and an openness towards diversity was evident. Furthermore, modern technology and the lack of religion make such partnerships even easier. These days, people no longer have to limit themselves to those they physically meet or to people who speak their language perfectly; they can learn without giving up their relationships. Religious aspects do not have excessive influence on their values, so they can overlook them, which reduces the list of potential challenges. The shift in relationships has led to people focussing less on the common background and becoming more individualistic, allowing for greater differences.Zglobalizowany świat oferuje wyjątkowe możliwości osobistego i wzajemnego rozwoju poprzez międzykulturowe relacje romantyczne. Koncept kultury jest zaś kluczowy dla zrozumienia dynamiki relacji romantycznych. W artykule omówiono, jak pary mogą skutecznie pokonywać różnice. Podkreślono w nim tak wyzwania, jak i rozwiązania istotne w komunikacji międzykulturowej. Wgląd w rzeczywiste doświadczenia par międzykulturowych uzyskano za pomocą częściowo ustrukturyzowanych wywiadów. Do uczestnictwa w badaniu zaproszono pary składające się z Polek i cudzoziemców mieszkających w Polsce, które tworzyły związek co najmniej od roku. Były to pary polsko-włoska, polsko-irańska, polsko-chilijska i polsko-japońska. Partnerzy odkryli wiele różnic w trakcie trwania związku i pojawiały się pewne nieporozumienia między nimi, jednak z perspektywy czasu okazało się, że nie było to nic, z czym nie miałyby do czynienia osoby niebędące w parach międzykulturowych. Okazali oni duży dystans do własnej kultury i otwartość na różnorodność. Ponadto nowoczesna technologia i brak zaangażowania religijnego sprawiają, że takie partnerstwa są łatwiejsze. Współcześnie tworząc związki ludzie nie muszą ograniczać się do osób, z którymi dzielą przestrzeń fizyczną lub które mówią perfekcyjnie ich językiem. Mogą się uczyć, nie rezygnując ze swojej relacji. Religie nie mają znaczącego wpływu na ich wartości, co skraca listę potencjalnych wyzwań. Zmiany w relacjach osłabiły tendencję do skupiania na wspólnym pochodzeniu i wzmocniły tendencje indywidualistyczne, dopuszczając większe rozbieżności w relacji
Między świadomym obywatelem a aktywnym samorządem. Samorządowcy o samorządzie województwa: diagnoza, strategie, modele
No full textA significant number of Poles are not interested in local government elections or their results, nor are they aware of the significant impact of decisions made in regional government on their daily lives and the development of the towns in which they live. Their knowledge of the scope of activities of provincial governments (including their obligations) is also limited. Since provincial governments are obliged to carry out tasks requiring communication with a number of entities from the environment, the Author decided to conduct research to determine how local government officials themselves and people responsible for education perceive the place and role of local governments in Polish society and the way of communicating with citizens. For this purpose, research was conducted among local government councillors from all over Poland (qualitative research: IDI) and among teachers of the city of Wrocław teaching history/social studies/HiT (quantitative research: online survey). The aim of the research was to identify entities (actors) involved in communication processes, define their roles and determine internal and external barriers that hinder communication processes between local government and citizens. The research results obtained in this way allowed us to indicate the postulated directions and methods of public communication between local governments and citizens
Rewitalizacja jako narzędzie polityki rozwoju lokalnego w kontekście istniejących przepisów i praktyki
No full textLocal development policy is a planned activity aimed at the development of a territorial unit implemented by local government bodies and its subordinate units, which, thanks to the instruments at their disposal, achieve objectives aimed at the socio-economic development of the unit. One such instruments is revitalization, carried out on the basis of municipal revitalization programs. These documents (apart from establishing the framework for revitalization projects) are of great importance in obtaining funds from European funds. Marshall’s offices are involved in the process, verifying the quality of these documents. By the end of April 2024, 105 municipalities from 11 voivodships had submitted applications to include “Gmina Revitalisation Programme” on the list of positively verified revitalization programs. The largest part of them are social projects aimed at integrating local communities in revitalization areas
Employment of older people and retirement security in OECD countries
No full textIn the economic history of the world, when people stopped working because of their old age, it was understood that working was impossible due to an illness and not due to age itself. There are no rational arguments justifying the welfare state’s financing pensions of those who are able and willing to work. Nowadays, the aging of societies and growing life expectancy occurring in numerous developed countries are accompanied by the decreasing efficiency of pension systems. Various actions are undertaken aimed at improving this situation, including raising the statutory retirement age and professionally activating the elderly. However, despite these actions, the average employment rate among older workers in the OECD in 2021 was as low as 72% in the age group 55–64, 50% in the age group 60–64, and only 23% among people aged 65–69.
The objective of the article is to engage in a discourse on the factors influencing sustained participation in professional work by older individuals, particularly in scenarios when they have attained the statutory retirement age. It seeks to address the question of whether and to what degree the employment rate of older workers correlates with fundamental variables that indicate the level of pension security. The analysis will utilize correlation coefficients and a linear regression model applied to OECD statistical data.
Conducted studies indicate that significant factors associated with the social security system, determining the professional employment of older individuals, include net pension wealth, life expectancy, old-age dependency ratio, and formal long-term care workers
Multiple annuities and spousal pensions: a proposal to reduce the gender gap in pensions
No full textGlobally, the standard of living of societies is increasing with socio-economic development. As a result, people are living longer and more comfortably, but the birth rate is decreasing and the proportion of older people in society is increasing. There are income inequalities between men and women and there is a longer life expectancy for women, resulting in a gender gap in pensioners’ incomes (GGP). From Eurostat data, in 2019, the level of GGP for pensioners aged 65+ averaged 29% in the EU27. Such large income gaps mean that there is an increasing risk of poverty and social exclusion for women in retirement. The literature examines replacement rates and the pension gap but does not show gender diff erences in pension income. This paper analyses the factors on which the GGP depends and looks for ways to reduce its level. Pensions in the form of life spousal annuities can increase women’s retirement benefi ts and improve their retirement security.  
Migratory patterns arising from economic disparity. A case study of Ukrainian migration to Poland in legal, political, and social contexts
No full textThe aim of the article is to shed light on the situation of Ukrainian migrant workers in Poland, with a particular focus on how the situation of migrant workers in the labour market changed after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The author attempts a definition of the term “migrant” in the context of people of Ukrainian origin coming to Poland and outlines the dominant theory of migration for people of Ukrainian origin at certain periods. With a special focus on legal regulations, the paper also identifies their weaknesses. Furthermore, the author describes the aims of migration from both state and migrant perspectives.
A critical literature review and primary data analysis (desk research) allowed for the analysis of available data, a cross-sectional analysis of the positions presented and available publications. The analysis of the data revealed a change in the profile of migrants in recent years: from a preponderance of men aged 30–59 working mainly in eastern Poland in the period immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic to a preponderance of women migrating to large and medium-sized Polish cities. Celem artykułu jest naświetlenie sytuacji ukraińskich pracowników migrujących w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tego, jak sytuacja pracowników migrujących na rynku pracy zmieniła się po pandemii COVID-19.
Autorka podejmuje próbę zdefiniowania pojęcia „migranta” w kontekście osób pochodzenia ukraińskiego przybywających do Polski oraz nakreśla dominującą teorię migracji osób pochodzenia ukraińskiego w określonych okresach. Skupiając się w szczególności na regulacjach prawnych, tekst identyfikuje również ich słabości. Ponadto autorka opisuje cele migracji zarówno z perspektywy państwa, jak i migrantów.
Krytyczny przegląd literatury i analiza danych pierwotnych („desk research”) pozwoliły na analizę dostępnych danych, przekrojową analizę prezentowanych stanowisk oraz dostępnych publikacji na ten temat. Analiza danych ujawniła zmianę profilu migrantów w ostatnich latach — od przewagi mężczyzn w wieku 30–59 lat, pracujących bezpośrednio poprzedzającym pandemię COVID-19, do przewagi kobiet migrujących do dużych i średnich polskich miast.
Upamiętnienia zwycięstwa i poległych w wojnach zjednoczeniowych (1864, 1866, 1870–1871) na terenie powiatu namysłowskiego
No full textThe article offers an analysis of the phenomenon of commemoration of the fallen and victories of the 19th-century armed conflicts in the Namysłów district. The work included queries of available archival, press and iconographic materials, as well as field research. The area of analysis covered the territory of the present-day Namysłów district, taking into account the historical, cultural and social context. The research showed that commemoration was concentrated in middle-class-dominated towns and villages with greater economic potential. War memorials, often linked to patriotic ceremonies, commemorate victories rather than individual sacrifices, in keeping with the memory policy of Prussia and a unified Germany. The variation in the forms and content of commemorations illustrates the evolution of the meaning of national and local symbols in the 19th and 20th centuries, confirming their key role in shaping the cultural landscape and collective memory in the provinces
La exploración de las estrategias de mediación en la interpretación bilateral: un estudio de caso
No full textThe present study identifies patterns of frequency, effectiveness and appropriateness of mediation strategies used by Polish high school students in dialogue interpreting, and their relation to communicative success. The methodology of the study required students, who learned Spanish at the bilingual level (C1+), to act as interpreters in pre-designed conversations between Polish and Spanish speakers. Conversations with the students’ participation were recorded and transcribed, and subsequently analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The frequency, effectiveness and appropriateness of the mediation strategies used were analyzed, taking into account factors such as cultural and situational context. The results showed that the most common strategies were text adaptation and streamlining, although they were sometimes ineffective or led to misunderstandings. Despite the challenges inherent in bidirectional interpreting, most learners used mediation strategies effectively, achieving communicative success. The study underlined the importance of practising dialogue interpreting in language classes in order to develop students’ mediation and intercultural competences, which are essential for effective communication between different languages and cultures.El objetivo de este estudio consistió en identificar patrones de frecuencia, eficacia y adecuación de las estrategias de mediación utilizadas por alumnos polacos de secundaria en la interpretación bilateral y su relación con el éxito comunicativo. El estudio requirió que los alumnos, que conocían español a nivel bilingüe (C1 +), actuaran como intérpretes en conversaciones prediseñadas entre hablantes de polaco y español. Las conversaciones en las que participaron los alumnos fueron grabadas y transcritas, y posteriormente se analizaron tanto cuantitativa como cualitativamente. Se analizó la frecuencia, eficacia y adecuación de las estrategias de mediación utilizadas, teniendo en cuenta factores tales como el contexto cultural y situacional. Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias más comunes fueron la adaptación y la condensación del texto, aunque a veces resultaron ineficaces o provocaron malentendidos. A pesar de los retos que planteó la interpretación bidireccional, la mayoría de los alumnos utilizaron las estrategias de mediación de forma efectiva, logrando el éxito comunicativo. El estudio subrayó la importancia de practicar la interpretación bidireccional en las clases de idiomas para desarrollar competencias de mediación e intercultural de los alumnos, esenciales para una comunicación eficaz entre lenguas y culturas diferentes
Rozszczepienie jako zasada konstrukcji świata przedstawionego i narracji. Analiza filmu „Oppenheimer”
No full textIn this article I will make an in-depth analysis of Oppenheimer (2023, Ch. Nolan) focusing primarily on the Fission which is the main construct of the presented world and narrative. I find this Fission within the genre of the work, Oppenheimer’s personality and the stratified subjective narrative. Moreover, the use of Fusion in the context of the overall story will also be analyzed. Finally, I will analyze Oppenheimer’s stylistic direction between the apparent inspiration of modernist cinema and the director’s entrenched postmodern cinema