CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Paradygmat osoby rozsądneji pojęcie „rozsądku” jako nowe zwroty ocenne w polskim prawie podatkowym
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Erasing and restoring writings with thermochromic pen inks: A physical, simple, and practical method
No full textThe EDFs study handwriting and examine the imprints placed on the writing surface and in the scriptural materials involved in the preparation of the document on a daily basis. In the case of thermochromic ink pens, different brands are available on the market, which allow for easy erasure as well as the subsequent restoration of writings. This is achieved by removing the ink with the rubber incorporated at the end of the writing instrument, or by applying heat (convection). Although there are various studies on friction and development, this work will focus on a physical, practical, and simple study method
Doctor’s and medical staff’s personal branding in healthcare online marketing communication
No full textThe present research aimed to analyze the extent to which medical facilities utilize the personal brands of employed doctors and medical staff to shape their image through communication activities and to assess the impact of such activities on the brand image of these entities. The research methodology included a critical literature analysis and an empirical study conducted using qualitative content analysis. The analysis focused on one, highly demanding medical specialization—gynecology. The findings of the study suggest that leveraging the personal brands of doctors and medical personnel should be an integral part of the marketing strategy of medical facilities, as it significantly enhances their competitiveness in the healthcare market. It is also beneficial for the doctors and medical staff themselves, as it increases their recognition and credibility in the industry and among patients, as well as for patients, who can gain broader knowledge about the individuals caring for them. The study reveals that leveraging the personal brands of doctors and medical personnel significantly enhances the competitiveness of medical facilities and benefits all stakeholders involved. It highlights the strategic importance of integrating personal branding into healthcare marketing, improving recognition and credibility for medical staff and providing patients with better knowledge about their caregivers
Consumer’s identity and artificial intelligence: Selected legal-economic aspects
No full textThe aim of the paper is to show selected threats to consumer’s identity resulting from the dynamic and ubiquitous development of artificial intelligence (AI) and the lack of legal regulations in the European Union on the example of Poland that would provide the protection of consumer’s identity and their economic decisions from the influence of AI. In the paper the following thesis is put forward: not only in Poland, but also in the European Union, legal regulations in force are insufficient to protect consumers from identity theft and manipulation of their market behaviors, especially when emotional AI techniques are applied. The research was conducted primarily based on the formal-dogmatic method, consisting in the linguistic and logical analysis of legal texts in force in Poland and the EU. Moreover, the course of the proposed considerations is based on the current and available literature on the subject, which, due to the diversity of approaches and research positions, implies reflection—asking further questions about consumer’s identity and its legal protection now and in the future
Stock price recovery after a market shock: a survival analysis approach
No full textThis study investigates the recovery times of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange following a market shock using survival analysis techniques. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and hazard ratio estimates are employed to examine differences in recovery rates across firm sizes and industry sectors. The Cox proportional hazards model is used to assess the impact of key financial indicators on stock price recovery. The findings reveal that firm size, industry sector, and financial health significantly influence survival probabilities, with notable differences in hazard ratios across groups, suggesting that certain characteristics contribute to longer or shorter times to recovery, providing valuable insights into post-crisis market dynamics
The usage of AI to improve eating habits of an aging population
No full textIntroduction: Society is facing demographic changes as the proportion of elderly people increases. The process poses a significant challenge in healthcare, as it is associated with an increased incidence of various diseases of civilization among the elderly. The most important factor affecting health is a balanced diet rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an important tool to support healthy lifestyles, especially in the context of digitization and technology development. By analyzing large data sets, personalizing recommendations and automating processes, AI can assist older adults with diet selection and health monitoring. Intelligent systems have the potential to play an important role in preventive health care, especially among seniors.Aim: The purpose of this article is to present the current capabilities and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting healthy eating habits among the aging population.Material and methods: Analysis of foundational data (desk research), including review of scientific literature from databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus.Results: Aging affects the digestive, endocrine and skeletal systems, increasing the risk of disease and making daily functioning more difficult. Malnutrition among seniors requires dietary support, such as a high-protein diet. Modern technologies, such as diet apps, kitchen appliances and smartwatches, support healthy eating habits and physical activity. Artificial intelligence streamlines diagnosis and medical record creation, saving doctors time. Boxed diets and virtual assistants are also helpful.Conclusions: As we age, physiological changes occur that affect seniors’ physical and mental performance, making daily functioning more difficult. Malnutrition is a common problem, so a diet rich in protein, calories and proper supplementation is important. Diet apps and smart kitchen appliances can provide support. AI-based technologies are also helping doctors with diagnosis and documentation. Mobile apps and smartwatches monitor seniors’ diet and physical activity. However, difficulties in using modern solutions can lead to digital exclusion of this group
Attitudes towards the annuity puzzle in longevity risk management — findings from focus studies
No full textThe ongoing demographic changes present many challenges to modern pension systems, particularly in Poland, where supplementary savings mechanisms have been introduced to increase future retirement benefits. While annuities are the only instruments guaranteeing protection against longevity risk, their adoption remains limited. This phenomenon is known as the “annuity puzzle.” Our study examines Polish pre-retirees’ attitudes toward annuitisation, focusing on behavioural and contextual factors influencing decisions about pension capital distribution. The research is based on focus groups with participants from academic environment aged 50 and above. Findings highlight low economic awareness, limited understanding of annuities, and a preference for flexible capital management. Key deterrents to annuity adoption include risk aversion, inheritance motives, and a distrust of financial mechanisms. Behavioural insights reveal loss aversion, with participants perceiving the potential loss from early death outweighing the benefits of longevity protection. The study underscores the importance of tailored financial education and independent pension advisory services. It advocates for a gradual annuitisation model that balances flexibility with security, addressing psychological barriers and financial realities. The results also call for systemic interventions, including behavioural nudge and simplified communication from financial institutions, to foster a viable market for annuities in Poland
Spousal pension as a proposal to reduce income disproportion between pensioners and as an alternative to survivor’s and widow’s pensions
No full textHow to save and what to invest in so that you do not lose out and can live with confidence in old age? The value of global pension assets decreased by 16.7% in 2022 (Thinking Ahead Institute, 2023, 6), and the global gap between expected and actual retiree income (the so-called global pension gap) is growing (reaching USD 51 billion in 2020 (Global Federation of Insurance Associations, 2023:10)). With the development of civilization, life expectancy is increasing in many countries, and with it the risk of longevity and undervalued pensions. As a result, birth rates are decreasing in many countries and populations are shrinking as well as ageing. In addition, certain gender stereotypes (e.g. women work less than men because of family care) have led to income differences between women and men, a gender pension gap, and the risk of social exclusion and poverty. To reduce these, survivors’ benefits (e.g. survivors’ and widows’ pensions) have been introduced in Poland. Is the level of these benefits appropriate to guarantee a satisfactory standard of living for widows and widowers? This paper examines this issue from the perspective of women and explores innovative spousal pensions which could reduce state budget expenditure