CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Problem zakresu kodeksu cywilnego w dyskusjach członków Zespołu Prawa Cywilnego Materialnego Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej PRL w początkach prac nad projektem kodeksu
No full textThe issue of the content of the newly created code is one of the fundamental problems faced by every legislator. The situation was similar in the case of the post-war Polish legislator, whose intention was, among others, introduction of the Civil Code, meeting the needs of the then legal transactions and political demands. The Substantive Civil Law Team, established within the structure of the Civil Law Division of the Codification Commission of the Polish People’s Republic, began to deliberate in December 1956. From the very beginning, the Team members were aware of the impossibility of fulfilling the demand for completeness of the new Civil Code, hence, by discussing at the meetings, they developed a consensus on the scope of the future project. There is a wide spectrum of views among scholars regarding the matters that should be included in the structure of the code. The author of the article, based on the analysis of the files of the Substantive Civil Law Team of the Codification Commission and a review of the current findings of the doctrine, presents the discussions and views of members of this team, expressed in the initial stage of work on the draft code
Wzajemna korekta. Adorno, Benjamin, Lukács i problem „Aktualności filozofii”
No full textThis article offers an extended commentary on “The Actuality of Philosophy” by Theodor W. Adorno, published in translation in this issue. The author argues that Adorno’s early theory emerges as an attempt at a “mutual correction” of György Lukács’s Marxist philosophy and the writings of Walter Benjamin. The first part of the article analyzes History and Class Consciousness, highlighting both the critical Marxist elements that Adorno adopts from Lukács and the fundamental divergence between the two thinkers on the question of the practical realization of philosophy. The second part turns to Benjamin’s theory — focusing in particular on his concepts of critique, philosophy, and constellation — showing how Adorno found in Benjamin’s work an alternative to Lukács’s approach to this problem. The article concludes by suggesting that The Actuality of Philosophy can be read as the result of a confrontation between the thought of Lukács and Benjamin, as well as an initial articulation of Adorno’s emerging theoretical position.Artykuł stanowi rozbudowany komentarz do publikowanego w numerze przekładu tekstu „Aktualność filozofii” Theodora W. Adorna. Zdaniem autora wczesna teoria Adorna powstaje jako próba „wzajemnej korekty” marksistowskiej teorii Györgya Lukácsa i pism Waltera Benjamina. W pierwszym kroku autor analizuje Historię i świadomość klasową, wskazując na wątki krytyki marksistowskiej, które Adorno zapożyczył z pism Węgra, a także na zasadniczą różnicę między filozofami dotyczącą kwestii praktycznego urzeczywistnienia filozofii. W drugim kroku autor analizuje teorię Benjamina, przede wszystkim jego koncepcje krytyki i filozofii oraz pojęcie konstelacji, wskazując, że to właśnie w tej myśli Adorno znalazł możliwość innego niż Lukácsowskie rozwiązania problemu urzeczywistnienia filozofii. Na koniec autor wskazuje, w jaki sposób wczesny tekst „Aktualność filozofii” można traktować jako efekt zderzenia myśli Lukácsa i Benjamina oraz zapowiedź dalszego rozwoju teorii Adorna
Gdy państwo triumfuje nad rewolucją. Esej recenzyjny książki „Czekanie na rewolucję. Komuniści w II Rzeczypospolitej 1921–1926” Andrzeja Friszkego
No full textThis article is a review essay of Andrzej Friszke’s book Waiting for the Revolution: Communists in the Second Polish Republic, 1921–1926. The author places the work within the broader context of recent historical publications in the interwar Polish communist movement. In this context, Friszke’s depiction of the ideological indefiniteness of the Polish state stands out in particular. However, as the author demonstrates, contrary to Friszke’s own premises, his work fails to break away from deeply rooted prejudices and simplifications present in Polish historiography. This is evidenced by the discussion of the orientalist and totalitarian thesis about the eastern and western tendencies within the communist party, as presented in Friszke’s book.Niniejszy artykuł to esej recenzyjny na temat książki Andrzeja Friszkego Czekanie na rewolucję. Komuniści w II Rzeczypospolitej 1921–1926. Autor artykułu umiejscawia pracę w szerszym kontekście ostatnich publikacji historycznych dotyczących polskiego międzywojennego ruchu komunistycznego. Na ich tle w szczególności wyróżnia się opisana przez Friszkego ideologiczna nieokreśloność państwa polskiego. Jednakże — wykazuje autor — wbrew założeniom przyjętym przez Friszkego jego praca nie zerwała z silnie zakorzenionymi w polskiej historiografii uprzedzeniami i uproszczeniami. Udowadnia to, omawiając orientalizującą i totalitarną tezę o wschodnich i zachodnich tendencjach wewnątrz partii komunistycznej zawartą w książce Friszkego
Klaps: między dyscypliną a międzypokoleniową transmisją przemocy. Motywy (nie)stosowania klapsów przez rodziców dzieci do 10. roku życia
No full textThis article presents the findings of the study “Spanking: Between Discipline and the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence. Motives for (Not) Using Spanking Among Parents of Children Under 10 Years Old”. It includes the results of desk research, which serves both as an introduction to the topic, and as the basis for the operationalization of key concepts, as well as quantitative and qualitative components of the study which complement each other. The analysis of empirical data focuses on understanding parents’ motivations for using or refraining from spanking, with particular emphasis on the factor defined as intergenerational transmission of patterns. The authors analyze both the respondents’ childhood experiences and their own parenting methods, also highlighting the beliefs and emotions accompanying their parenting decisions, particularly those related to the use or avoidance of spanking.W niniejszym artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badania „Klaps: między dyscypliną a międzypokoleniową transmisją przemocy. Motywy (nie)stosowania klapsów wśród rodziców dzieci do 10. roku życia”. Przedstawiono rezultaty desk research odgrywające rolę wprowadzenia do tematu, jak i będące podstawą operacjonalizacji pojęć, a także część ilościową i jakościową prowadzonych badań, które uzupełniają się wzajemnie. Analiza danych empirycznych koncentruje się na zrozumieniu motywacji rodziców do stosowania lub niestosowania klapsów, a zwłaszcza na czynniku, który określamy jako międzypokoleniowy przekaz wzorca. Autorki analizują zarówno doświadczenia respondentów z dzieciństwa, jak i ich własne metody wychowawcze, zwracając również uwagę na przekonania i emocje towarzyszące podejmowanym decyzjom wychowawczym, a zwłaszcza tym związanym ze stosowaniem lub niestosowaniem klapsa
“Giving Breslau an urban design worthy of its architectural tradition and its position in the eastern region”. Urban visions of Breslau, 1935–1943
No full textThe article discusses German urban visions of Breslau from 1935–1943, developed during the period of National Socialist rule in the Third Reich. It analyses the plans for transforming the city into a Nazi metropolis, in accordance with the German Urban Redevelopment Act of 1937. The main directions of change included the monumental architectural projects of Werner March and Herbert Boehm, such as the Gauforum and the reconstruction of the castle square, as well as concepts related to the functional development of the city – new housing estates, the expansion of transport routes and the modernisation of the railway network. The projects presented were part of the propaganda character of Nazi urban planning, emphasising the importance of Wrocław as a centre of Germanness on the eastern fringes of the Reich. The article also identifies regional factors, such as the planned Breslau–Stettin motorway and the Oder–Donau canal, which influenced visions of the city’s redevelopment. The final work was interrupted by warfare and the deteriorating situation of the Third Reich, which meant that most of the plans remained at the concept stage. The text draws on archival material, highlighting its importance for the study of urban planning in the National Socialist period
Wrocław museums and their collections in the speeches of delegates of the Museum Association in Poland and representatives of the Ministry of Culture and Art in 1946
No full textThe paper examines the situation of Wrocław’s museums and their collections in 1946 in the context of post-war political and administrative changes. As part of the so-called Recovered Territories, Wrocław underwent a process of museum reorganisation, discussed at the fora of the Museum Association in Poland and the Ministry of Culture and Art. The study outlines the history of Wrocław’s German museums before 1939, their fate during the World War II, and the post-war processes of restitution and redistribution of collections. In 1946, Polish museologists and government officials debated the future of museum policy in the newly integrated western and northern territories. Key proposals included the establishment of a central multi-departmental museum in Wrocław, the expansion of historical and ethnographic departments, and the incorporation of collections from Lviv. Speeches by Stanisław Lorentz, Witold Kieszkowski and other experts underscored the strategic importance of museums in the process of the Polonisation of Lower Silesia. The conclusions of these deliberations contributed to the establishment of the State Museum in Wrocław in 1947 and shaped the development of cultural policy in the People’s Republic of Poland
Architectural endeavours. The Museum of Architecture in Wrocław in the 21st century – plans for expansion and modernisation and their origins
No full textThe article examines the 21st-century plans for the expansion and modernisation of the Museum of Architecture in Wrocław. It outlines the origins of the institution and the process of adapting the former Bernardine complex for museum and exhibition purposes. The paper also addresses the causes of the museum’s spatial limitations and presents two 21st-century concepts for its expansion. The main objectives of the research are to describe the formation of the institution and to present its prospects for development, taking into account contemporary challenges faced by museums and the role of their buildings within the urban fabric
Problematyka i perspektywy badań nad sygnaturami polskich projektantów graficznych XX w.
No full textMistyczny symbolizm grafik w dziełach Jacoba Böhmego a problem recepcji ikonografii böhmiańskiej w okresie nowożytnym na terenie Śląska
No full textJacob Böhme, German mystic and philosopher, left an indelible mark on the spiritual and esoteric traditions of Europe. His works are filled with mystical and teophilosophical concepts, expressed in text that has been expanded by his continuators through complex visual symbolism. Symbolical illustrations serve not only as a didactical tool, but also as support for contemplation of divine mysteries. Böhme’s allegorical portrait contains many ideas of the Silesian mystic. Centrally located figure divides the presentation into two parts. The right side presents the sphere of darkness and evil, while the left – light and good. That dichotomy is characteristic of the philosophy of the cobbler from Zgorzelec, in which the central spot is occupied by contemplations on the never-ending battle of light and darkness. Analysis of Böhme’s visual symbolism reveals the subject of spiritual transformation and enlightenment. Images often depict the cosmic struggle of light and darkness, good and evil, as well as the journey of the soul towards divinity. The philosopher’s concept contains the idea that the universe is a dynamic unity, in which each element mirrors divine order. Consequently, man is depicted as a microcosm mirroring the macrocosm of the universe. This is exemplified by illustrations in which the human body is portrayed as containing seven planets and four elements, symbolising the mutual interconnection of the entire creation. In Böhme’s thought, the human being, made in God’s image, similarly to the Creator himself, is sexless. That is the state that mankind is pursuing on its way to perfection. We can find confirmation of this concept in illustrations attached to the works of Philosophus Teutonicus, where man is depicted as the perfect, androgynous being. Universality of the message left by the mystic from Zgorzelec is attested by the use of symbols such as zodiac signs, clock faces, the alphabet, or even the Earth globe. In his philosophy, Böhme often references the heliocentric model of the world, with the known seven planets. The title page of the Amsterdam edition of his works serves as a perfect example of how these symbols are used as a reminder of the order of creation, which is, in its entirety, a subject of God. Another characteristic aspect of Böhme’s iconography is the use of apocalyptic symbolism, such as Judgement Day trumpets or the fire sword, flames of which engulf the world. Intriguing graphics inspired Böhme’s continuators, including a thriving group of supporters in Silesia, led by Johann Wilhelm Überfeld. Numerous texts they left behind reference and create their own interpretations of incredible depictions accompanying the works of Philosophus Teutonicus. However, besides the graphics for individual study, fascinating illustrations did not have any broader impact in Silesia. Was it due to Protestantism’s attitude towards visual representations? Possibly it was down to Böhme’s views themselves, with their emphasis on the immaterial aspect of spiritual experience? Or maybe it was the form of the illustrations themselves – rich in complex symbolism, referencing theosophy and esoterics, that made them unusable in art targeted at the wide audience of the faithful
Dzieciństwo św. Kingi i bł. Salomei w świetle ich żywotów
No full textThe main goal of the article is to present the childhoods of Saint Kinga and Blessed Salomea in the context of their later lives. In particular, it aims to shed light on the circumstances under which each of them arrived at the courts of their respective future husbands, Bolesław V the Chaste and Coloman of Galicia. Additionally, the author seeks to examine the practice of sending minors to the courts of their future spouses