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Filozofia języka a psychologia obiektywna
Get PDFIn this chapter of Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, the author cultivates a critical, dialectical and transformative reading of texts from the idealist tradition, its aim is to clarify the relationship between psyche and ideology. In Voloshinov’s view, the two psychological schools he discusses – the Diltheyian and the functionalist – although they have grown up on the basis of idealism, are in some ways completely opposed to each other: the former establishes some kind of community between the psychic and the ideological in the form of meaning, the latter strives for a strict demarcation between the two spheres. In the end, we get the author’s – dialectical – theoretical proposal for understanding this relationship, which at the same time legitimises the existence of a Marxist philosophy of language: a ‘new’ research discipline invoked by Voloshinov in the pages of Marxism and the Philosophy of Language.W tym rozdziale książki Марксизм и философия языка (Marksizm i filozofia języka) autor uprawia krytyczną, dialektyczną i przekształcającą lekturę tekstów pochodzących z tradycji idealistycznej, której celem jest uchwycenie zależności między psychiką a ideologią. Zdaniem Wołoszynowa, obie omawiane przez niego szkoły psychologiczne – Diltheyowska i funkcjonalistyczna – choć wyrosły na gruncie idealizmu, to pod pewnym względem są sobie całkowicie przeciwstawne: pierwsza ustanawia jakiś rodzaj wspólnoty między tym, co psychiczne, a tym, co ideologiczne w postaci znaczenia, druga dąży do ścisłego rozgraniczenia tych dwóch sfer. Finalnie otrzymujemy autorską – dialektyczną – propozycję teoretyczną rozumienia tej zależności, która zarazem uprawomocnia istnienie marksistowskiej filozofii języka: „nowej” dyscypliny badawczej powoływanej przez Wołoszynowa na kartach pracy Марксизм и философия языка
Komentarz do rozdziału III części pierwszej „Marksizmu i filozofii języka” Walentina Wołoszynowa
Get PDFThe commentary on the chapter “Philosophy of Language and Objective Psychology” is devoted first to establishing the functional position of this part of the book within the entirety of the considerations presented in Marxism and Philosophy of Language (MiFJ), serving as an outline for a – never realised – research programme, relation to other disciplines, reconstruction of basic assumptions, specificity of the moment of publication). The second part discusses the key contexts of MiFJ (Marrism, Lev Vygotsky’s psychology), which are particularly relevant to the translated chapter.W tekście w pierwszej kolejności określone zostaje funkcjonalne położenie tej części książki w całości rozważań pomieszczonych w Marksizmie i filozofii języka (MiFJ). Cała praca przedstawiona zostaje jako zarys – nigdy niezrealizowanego – programu badawczego, skomentowana zostaje relacja filozofii języka wobec innych dyscyplin, rekonstrukcji poddane są jej podstawowe założenia, wyjaśniona zostaje także krótko specyfika momentu publikacji. W drugiej części omówione zostają wybrane konteksty MiFJ (marryzm, psychologia Lwa Wygotskiego), szczególnie istotne dla przełożonego rozdziału
Kapitalizm państwowy jako kryzys wyobraźni. Fermy przemysłowe w PRL-u w latach 70. XX wieku
No full textIn this article I will discuss the first, failed attempts to introduce factory farming in Poland in the 1970s and locate them within historical changes in social meat-related imaginaries. My main hypothesis is that the spread of wide-scale meat consumption in Poland was a consequence of emulating Western, capitalist patterns of food production and its accompanying discourse. I argue that the logic of capitalism that dominated food production in the 1970s dramatically changed interspecies relations and promoted meat as something unlimited, available on a daily basis.W artykule, w kontekście przemiany społecznych wyobrażeń na temat mięsa, omówione zostaną pierwsze – nieudane – próby wprowadzenia w Polsce hodowli przemysłowej w latach 70. XX wieku. Artykuł dowodzi, że rozpowszechnienie w Polsce konsumpcji mięsa na szeroką skalę było konsekwencją naśladowania zachodnich, kapitalistycznych wzorców produkcji żywności i przyswojenia dyskursu, który ustanawiał taki model. Logika kapitalizmu, która zdominowała produkcję żywności w latach 70., całkowicie zmieniła relacje międzygatunkowe i wypromowała wizerunek mięsa jako nieograniczonego, dostępnego na co dzień towaru
“Fratribus forte tribus qui fenestras et libros laborant”. The glazing of the windows of the Dominican friary in Wrocław at the end of the 15th c. in the light of written evidence
Get PDFAccount records for building work carried out between 1487 and 1501 at St. Adalbert’s Church and the Dominican friary in Wroclaw were published by Hermann Luchs in 1859. A large part of this resource, numbering some 80 items, is related to window glazing, providing an insight into its form and especially into the organisation of the work on it. These documents have been mentioned in the literature, albeit cited piecemeal. The present article is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the resource relating to the work on the windows. The account records bring a wealth of information about the organisation of window glazing work at the Wroclaw convent, which was carried out by both friars and guild craftsmen. Thanks to these documents, it is possible to reconstruct, at least to a small extent, the appearance of the windows in some rooms (plain glazing, supplemented by figurative stained glass in the library and coats-of-arms in the cloisters). The sources for the history of stained glass – and more broadly: glazing – in this period are far from clear, as the terminology had not been standardised at the time yet. Understanding of the accounts is usually facilitated by their confrontation with surviving material evidence: buildings and their glazing. Readers of the accounts of the Dominican convent in Wroclaw are denied such a luxury, and some of the conclusions presented here must remain in the realm of hypotheses
Powściągliwość sędziowska w relacjach ze służbami specjalnymi. Konieczny czy obcy element demokracji?
No full textThe article poses the following research question: what forms and methods of exercising judicial power in relation to intelligence services serve as a litmus test for democratization or autocratization? A democratic system presupposes that the state’s activities are subject to judicial oversight. This stems from the concept of democracy as a regime governed by the rule of law, while arbitrariness characterizes the essence of authoritarianism. However, the oversight of intelligence services can be a deceptive indicator of the level of democracy, considering that the relationship between the controlling judiciary and intelligence services mirrors the recurring discourse on the role of the executive during a state of emergency. Threats to democracy in the 21st century are no longer limited to conventional armed conflicts or natural disasters governed by state of emergency procedures but increasingly resemble a perpetual confrontation between state structures and terrorism, hybrid conflicts, cyber conflicts, and proxy wars. Even with extreme forms of extrajudicial detention implemented during I & II World War, Western constitutionalism has not relinquished the rule of law, yet it has long tolerated solutions that leave the activities of intelligence services beyond effective control by other branches of power
Image(s) of the World’s End from Archtexts to Popular Culture (Example-Based Exposition)
No full textMethodologically connecting the experience- and interpretation-based aesthetic approach to popular culture (Juraj Malíček) and the pragmatist aesthetics (Richard Shusterman) on one hand and the views of what is called arch-textual thematology (Mariana Čechová) on the other, the paper seeks to observe the ties between arch-texts, in particular the final book of the New Testament — the Book of Revelation, and ‘pop-texts,’ i.e. such popcultural works of art (films, TV series, literary texts, comics etc.), within the frame of which the end of the world images appear in one way or another and which can be labelled with the agnomen ‘pop.’ Various appearances of a reanimation of the apocalypse-theme in various (popcultural) works of art become in the paper, an example-based exposition of the topic, referentially object of interest — from catastrophic films directed by Roland Emmerich and the post-apocalyptic comic book series Y: The Last Man written by Brian K. Vaughan to TV series like, for instance, Ragnarok (from 2020) and literary works like the pre-apocalyptic novel trilogy written by Ben H. Winters or other iconic genre fiction (for example, Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic novel The Road)
„Ostatniej nocy w Soho” a tradycja włoskiego kina grozy
No full textThis article presents and interpretation of Edgar Wright’s Last Night in Soho as an attempt to both pay tribute and offer a polemic with the tradition of Italian horror cinema, including giallo films. This approach seems valid, since one of lead actresses, Thomasin McKenzie, mentioned that during her preparations she had been told to watch a number of films, including Dario Argento’s Suspiria, one of the better-known Italian horror films.
The article is divided into four parts in which I argue that the movie’s plot uses a number of tropes and themes typical of Italian horror. The first part of the article discusses the themes of dreams, past traumas and oneirism present in Last Night in Soho — and the ways in which they can be considered Wright’s said tribute to Italian horror.
Part two focuses around female characters and their portrayal as a victims. I discuss in detail the reasons why Italian horror tends to be considered misogynistic and where these tendencies originate from. Then I proceed to explain how Last Night in Soho approaches this subject. The third part continues the reflections of portrayals of femininity, this time focusing around the female character as a killer; during this part I cover the ways in which Argento influenced Edgar Wright’s film. The fourth part concerns other, minor references to Argento’s other works
Cthulhu Mythos: History of H.P. Lovecraft’s Monstrous Presence in Popular Culture
No full textThe aim of this paper is to analyse various forms of the so-called Cthulhu Mythos and describe specific shifts in reception and reflexion of H.P. Lovecraft’s legacy in contemporary culture. The opening part of the paper introduces H.P. Lovecraft as the author of weird fiction, cosmic horror and the philosophy of cosmicism, and corrects common misconceptions regarding the Cthulhu Mythos. Then, the semiotic versioning of three versions of the Cthulhu Mythos is explained and all three versions are further analysed. Version 1.0 of the Mythos includes Lovecraft’s legacy, works of the authors from the Lovecraft Circle, but also August Derleth’s interpretations of cosmic horror and works of the next generation of authors that emerged after Lovecraft’s death or were discovered and guided by Derleth. It’s a complex set of terminology, ideas, philosophies, plot devices and narratological specifications that is, as is further explained, wrongly interpreted as a fictional mythology. Version 2.0 includes all the works created under the label of ‘Lovecraftian’ or ‘cosmic’ horror, all transmedia adaptations, influences, and pop cultural additions where the influence of the original Mythos can be traced and is either explicitly admitted or just implied. Finally, Cthulhu Mythos 3.0 is a version of the Mythos that acknowledges the existence of the previous versions, yet approaches them through a specific self-reflective, self-critical lens and is more focused on intertextual play and metacommentaries on these previous versions than on expanding them
Kiedy zmienność staje się stałością. Reinterpretacja jogicznego tapasu w rzeczywistości „społeczeństwa ryzyka” Ulricha Becka
No full textThe article attempts to answer the question concerning the possibility of reinterpreting tapas and locating it in the risk society. The authors, referring to Ulrich Beck’s concept, look for the ways out of the “kingdom of shadows”, possessed by a constant sense of threat, both in the global and local sphere. The article takes a cross-sectional look at tapas in old Indian literature, looking for possibilities of its contemporary implementation on non-Indian grounds, as a response to the deteriorating psycho-physical state of 21st century society