CNS Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci
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Przypadek pustej formy kompozycji Johna Cage’a 4′33″ z perspektywy buddyzmu zen
No full textThe article aims to examine the piece 4′33″ and its composer John Cage through the lens of some concepts developed in Zen Buddhism, a philosophy embraced by Cage himself. This approach requires gesturing toward a broader context which can be generalised as ‘Eastern inspirations,’ mainly meaning concepts and practices derived from Indian, Chinese and Japanese cultures and related to the Buddhist thought and its kin movements. The concept of emptiness is an essential element of this cultural field. In some sense, Cage’s 4′33″ seems to emphatically express the meaning of this concept. Importantly, given what we know of Cage’s biography, exploring his work through the lens of ‘Eastern inspirations’ appears to be a well-warranted approach and to afford opportunities for subtle transcultural reflection, which is also part of this article
Funkcja koncyliacyjna Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy
No full textThe State Labour Inspection (PIP) performs many functions related to ensuring the rule of law in labour relations, but also in non-labour relations. In general, the activity of PIP is associated with inspection and surveillance activities, which is correct, as this is what this institution was established for. It should be noted, however, that the said control institution also performs many other functions, including a conciliation function. The importance of this function cannot be overestimated, especially if all its possible manifestations and outcomes are analysed. The significance of this activity is all the more discernible when the historical context is taken into account. The meaning of the conciliation function of the State Labour Inspection for ensuring an appropriate ‘social climate and order’ does indeed resonate with the constitutional concept of the social market economy.Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy realizuje wiele funkcji związanych z zapewnieniem praworządności w stosunkach pracy, ale i w stosunkach niepracowniczych. Zasadniczo aktywność Inspekcji jest utożsamiana z działalnością kontrolno-nadzorczą, co jest słuszne, do takiej bowiem aktywności powołano ten urząd. Należy jednak zaznaczyć, że wspomniana instytucja kontrolna realizuje również wiele innych funkcji, w tym funkcję koncyliacyjną. Znaczenie tej funkcji jest nie do przecenienia, zwłaszcza jeżeli poddać analizie wszystkie możliwe jej przejawy i skutki oddziaływania. Doniosłość tej aktywności jest tym bardziej dostrzegalna, im bardziej uwzględniony zostanie kontekst historyczny. Wydźwięk funkcji koncyliacyjnej Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy dla zapewnienia odpowiedniego „klimatu i ładu społecznego” istotnie współbrzmi z koncepcją konstytucyjną społecznej gospodarki rynkowej
Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy jako gwarant prawidłowego dokumentowania pracy w szczególnych warunkach lub o szczególnym charakterze
No full textThe article presents the role of the State Labour Inspection in terms of control and supervision of the documentation of work in special conditions or of a special nature. In the current state of the law, the State Labour Inspection may carry out a substantive assessment of an employee’s working conditions. An important issue in the article is whether an order issued by the State Labour Inspection is binding on the pension authorities and the social insurance court as to whether work was performed in special conditions or of a special nature.W artykule przedstawione zostały zadania Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy (dalej: PIP) w zakresie kontroli i nadzoru nad prawidłowością realizacji przez pracodawcę obowiązku dokumentowania pracy w warunkach szczególnych lub o szczególnym charakterze. Uzasadnieniem dla podjęcia tego tematu są zmiany legislacyjne, które nastąpiły z dniem 1 stycznia 2023 roku. W ich wyniku Inspekcja otrzymała uprawnienie do kontroli merytorycznej tej dokumentacji. Ważnym celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy nakaz wydawany przez PIP wiąże organy rentowe oraz sąd w zakresie ustalenia, czy praca była wykonywana w warunkach szczególnych lub o szczególnym charakterze
Nowe regulacje dotyczące wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności wobec osadzonych stwarzających poważne zagrożenie społeczne albo poważne zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa zakładu karnego
No full textThe study is devoted to the principles of implementing imprisonment for prisoners who pose a serious social threat or a serious threat to the security of the facility, not regulated in the Executive Penal Code. It was indicated at the outset that the provisions of the Act regulate the title issue quite synthetically. The Act on the Prison Service specifies that the Director General of the Prison Service, as part of their duties, may issue orders, instructions or guidelines. Both of these legal acts specify in detail the provisions of the Executive Penal Code, which are devoted to, e.g., the rules for implementing imprisonment for this particular category of convicts
Realizm i postkolonializm
No full textOver the past decade or so, the issue of literary realism – marginalised and reduced to clichés – has been paving its way, with difficulty but consistently, into the vocabulary of postcolonial criticism. The very political-theoretical framework of postcolonialism that has led to realism not being addressed or treated as an anti-example, largely inscribed in postmodern deconstructive and culturalist tendencies, is coming under increasing criticism. In this article, I describe newly reinvigorated discussions of realism in the context of three issues: the role of the realist colonial novel in the education of the colonies, realist (especially 1950s–70s) postcolonial novels and their ambiguous or weakened position in the canon, and the impact of postmodern theory on the rejection of realism. The article shows that theory has obscured literature itself, troublesome because of its unattractive realist ambitions, reducing interpretation to the application of certain established, ahistorical concepts. The implications of this position and its political significance are analysed.W ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat zagadnienie realizmu literackiego – zmarginalizowanego i sprowadzonego do klisz – z trudem, lecz konsekwentnie, toruje sobie drogę do słownika krytyki postkolonialnej. Sama rama polityczno-teoretyczna postkolonializmu, która sprawiła, że realizmem się nie zajmowano bądź traktowano go jako antywzorzec, w dużej mierze wpisana w postmodernistyczne tendencje dekonstrukcyjne i kulturalistyczne, zaczyna być przedmiotem coraz bardziej nasilonej krytyki. W niniejszym artykule opisuję nowo ożywione dyskusje nad realizmem w kontekście trzech zagadnień: roli realistycznej powieści kolonialnej w edukacji kolonii, realistycznych (zwłaszcza od lat pięćdziesiątych do siedemdziesiątych XX wieku) powieści postkolonialnych i ich dwuznacznej bądź osłabionej pozycji w kanonie oraz wpływu postmodernistycznej teorii na odrzucenie realizmu. W artykule wskazano, że teoria przesłoniła samą literaturę, kłopotliwą ze względu na swoje mało atrakcyjne realistyczne ambicje, sprowadzając interpretację do aplikowania pewnych utartych, ahistorycznych pojęć. Analizie poddane zostały konsekwencje tej pozycji i jej polityczne znaczenie
Niezrealizowany projekt gmachu szkoły św. Marii Magdaleny we Wrocławiu autorstwa Valentina von Saebischa
Get PDFValentin von Saebisch (1578–1657) is known in the history of Wrocław mainly as a city fortifier. However, in addition to attending to the city’s defences, he was also active there in the field of civil architecture. The aim of the article is to expand knowledge of Saebisch’s design commitment responding to the needs of Wrocław. The analysis performed relates to four drawings that can be dated to the period 1616–1618, comprehensively depicting the design of a grand building. The architectural forms proposed by Saebisch are distinguished by a stylistic language typical of him yet isolated in Silesia, characteristic of the elite architectural foundations developed in the Rudolphine architectural circle. The specificity of the faithfully portrayed details makes it possible to identify the drawing as an unrealised design for the St. Mary Magdalene School in the location to which the institution’s building was moved in the 18th century. Thus, Saebisch’s identified project is a valuable source for research into the architecture of Wrocław at the dawn of the Thirty Years’ War, as well as the non-fortification activities that this architect carried out to meet the city’s needs
Antyczne inspiracje w plastyce figuralnej Georga Leonharda Webera (1672–1739)
Get PDFAppreciation for ancient art in the modern era led to a particular reverence for ancient sculpture. As the process evolved, its scope and scale expanded with the discovery of new statues, the growth of contemporary collections and the emergence of new methods for reproducing classical models. The impact of copies cast in bronze or plaster could not match the popularity and reach of prints depicting ancient figures. Initially published as separate works, over time they also appeared in publishing series (e.g., publications by François Perrier, Jan de Bisschop, Joachim Sandrart, or Giovanni Pietro Bellori and Pietro Santi Bartoli).
The influence of ancient artistic traditions on Baroque artists was not uniform across Europe and depended on many factors. Silesia was not among the privileged regions in this respect, and sculptors working in the area around 1700 had limited possibilities to further their knowledge of ancient art compared to territories closer to Europe’s major artistic centres. This makes the case of Georg Leonhard Weber all the more surprising.
References to ancient art in the figurative sculpture of the Świdnica-based artist are multi-layered. These are usually paraphrases or compilations of ideas derived from several works. His oeuvre reveals numerous references to the most famous ancient statues, such as Belvedere Hermes, Laokoön, Farnese Hercules, Ludovisi Ares, as well as sculptures that are less recognisable but also immortalised in prints: Castor and Pollux, busts of Fauns, Dionysus, or Meleager. The artist acquired his knowledge of ancient works in a manner typical of artists beyond the Alps, mostly through graphic reproductions, and possibly supplemented by studies of copies made in plaster or bronze. Weber also drew on the tradition of modern art assimilating forms taken from ancient visual arts. While these mechanisms were not unusual, the outcomes are exceptional, exceeding the standards of Baroque sculpture in Silesia at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. They place the artist from Świdnica at the forefront of a small group of local sculptors of the time – in particular Thomas Weisfeldt and Johann Georg Urbansky – who consciously followed the formula of antiquity-inspired art
„Fundacja” i „Honor Harrington”. Jak fantastyka przegoniła rzeczywistość
No full textScience fiction novel series Foundation (by Isaac Asimov) and Honorverse (by David Weber) deal with various issues regarding the future of humanity, and specifically with the reasons why this future is inexorably linked with space expansion. One of the reasons given is the fact that Earth is no longer ‘the best possible world,’ and that humans are to blame for that. The state of global affairs since 2020 indicate that we might indeed be on track to realizing a scenario not unlike those describe in Foundation and ׅHonorverse — in which humans are responsible for destroying their own world. That in itself is a compelling reason for conducting a thorough analysis of these works of fiction. The fact that Weber’s series has several mentions of Poland (at quite unflattering ones at that) is also a viable pretext for the considerations presented in this article.
The main goal of this study is rather modest — to recount how we got here and whether we still have enough time to reposition ourselves from the place we’re (consiously or not) putting ourselves in
Wiedźmą być. Kobiece motywy inicjacyjne w polskiej literaturze popularnej XXI wieku
No full textIn recent years Polish literature and popular culture have been increasingly populated by witches. Many authors use the historical, folk image of an ambivalent pagan witch as basis for creating their characters. Other notable sources are fairy tales, feminism (after all the myth of the witch was popularized by second-wave feminism) and neopaganism (women as priestesses of nature). As a result of these various inspirations depictions of the witch are quite diverse, while the plot patterns presented in terms of stages of initiation are characterized by high constancy. A young girl, entering adulthood, not knowing who she is — such is the protagonist of many a novel. Her fictional biography begins with ‘borderline events’: an important birthday, a graduation, inheriting a farmhouse (usually from her grandmother). After crossing this narrative threshold, the protagonist is imbued with the powers of a witch, which she initially rejects. An elderly woman — her guide — persuades her to accept them. She teaches her the how to notice the manifestations of femininity that have been suppressed in our culture, and were represented as witches, fortune-tellers and madwomen. The use of magic is shown as a rediscovery of these rejected abilities, wrongly labeled as insane. It seems that the most important values related to the witch’s initiation motive are: restoring the relationship with the creative female element (intuition, nature, imagination), repairing generational ties between women (an older kinswoman as the master of initiation) and putting emphasis on female spirituality
Cixin Liu’s ‘The Remembrance of Earth’s Past’ Trilogy: The End of All Things
No full textThe present paper is the third in the series of articles devoted to the selected aspects of a modern science fiction genre variant that has previously been approximated as ‘the space opera of a great crisis,’ the remaining two publications being: ‘Trylogia Wspomnienie o przeszłości Ziemi Cixina Liu: w poszukiwaniu kontekstów interpretacyjnych’ [Cixin Liu’s The Remembrance of Earth’s Past Trilogy: In Search of Interpretative Grounds] and ‘Mariaż dwóch światów: quasi-chrześcijańska wizja ewolucji człowieka i kosmosu w Pieśniach Hyperiona Dana Simmonsa’ [The Marriage of Two Worlds: A Quasi-Christian Vision of the Evolution of the Universe and Humanity in Dan Simmons’ Hyperion Cantos]. The paper first provides a summary of the previous discussion, especially the modified description of the key generic traits of ‘the space opera of a great crisis,’ and then conducts a more detailed, comparative analysis of the two representative and essential, yet contrasting achievements of the genre in question: Liu’s trilogy The Remembrance of Earth’s Past and Simmon’s tetralogy Hyperion Cantos, in respect to the worldviews that inform them, respectively, as well as their narrative structures. It is suggested that the narrative structures of both works are considerably influenced by their respective worldviews and that, paradoxically, the apparently crude and simple narration of The Remembrance of Earth’s Past may be viewed as a conscious literary operation aimed at enhancing the trilogy’s message. Thus, (contrary to many previous critical opinions) Liu’s work proves to be not only a major extrapolative achievement but also an interesting artistic one