PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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WHY DID THE CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES FAIL TO CONVERT THE ARMENIAN AND GEORGIAN COMMUNITY OF THE SAFAVID EMPIRE IN THE 17th CENTURY?
Get PDFIn the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it lost its influence over Europe. The Church turned its policy to the East to propagate the faith. For nearly a century, the missionaries were represented in the Safavid provinces and attempted to win the Eastern Christian Population for the Catholic Church. On the other hand,with the flow of Catholic missionaries caused the increase of intercultural and interreligious exchanges. This paper examines the Catholic missionaries’motives to bring the Safavids’ Eastern Christian Community under papal jurisdiction as well as the reception that the Safavid rulers, Armenian Church and Georgian Church offered vis-a-vis this group. The aim of the study is to investigate the missionaries’ attempts to create a ‘fifth column’ by proselytizing the Eastern Christian Community in the Safavid territories
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP PRACTICES OF SCHOOL HEADS AND PERFORMANCE OF CITY SCHOOLS IN THE DIVISION OFFIRST DISTRICT OF LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES
Get PDFA study was conducted to determine the transformational practices of school leaders of city schools in the Division of First District of Laguna, Philippines. Further, the research aimed also to determine the extent of transformational leadership practices among public elementary school heads and teachers in terms of: Idealized Influence,Inspirational Motivation,Intellectual Stimulation and Individualized Consideration; assessed the performance of public elementary schools in terms of: Drop Out Rate , Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, and Achievement Rate and determined the significant relationship between transformational leadership practices and the performance of public elementary schools. The descriptive correlational research design was employed and involved 44 school heads and 591 public elementary teachers. All the practices were assessed by the teacher respondents as highly observed. The schools’ Drop-out rate andCohort Survival Rate with an average of 2.49 and 84.82% respectively were interpreted as Very Satisfactory; and Completion rate of 94.5% as Outstanding. The schools’ National Achievement Test (NAT )is interpreted as Average Proficiency Level.Further studies could be conducted in other districts of Laguna and Region IV-A in order to verify the results as well as to develop a comprehensive training program for teachers as part of the School Improvement Plan. 
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT OF INTER-ETHNIC TOLERANCE OF YOUTH IN THE POLYCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN AND BELARUS
Get PDFThe article deals with the study of the problem of interethnic tolerance, the activity of ethnocultural associations aimed at forming interethnic tolerance of youth in a multicultural environment. As forms of socio-cultural activities of youth in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus is analyzed the theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of interethnic tolerance in foreign practice, patterns, and principles of the functioning of ethnocultural associations. Also on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed mechanisms of educational influence of the multicultural environment on the process of forming interethnic tolerance of youth. Particular attention is drawn to the study of new educational strategies and approaches to the formation of interethnic tolerance of youth in the sphere of culture, where the specifics of the Kazakhstan-Belarusian experience of organizing this socially significant segment of educational services can be useful to other countries. For achieving the goal of the work were used the materials of scientific publications and applied research of the authors of the article in the field of pedagogy. On the basis of the conducted research is proposed scientifically grounded conclusions and recommendations on organizing the process of formation of interethnic tolerance of youth in a multicultural environment. The results of the research can be used in the system of retraining and advanced training of personnel in the sphere of culture and education, and can also be a guide for the cultural policy of state organizations in educational programs for organizing leisure time for young people at the international level. 
TRANSNATIONAL TV EXPOSURE BEHAVIOUR OF LAO AMERICAN WOMEN
Get PDFThis research explores transnational television, especially exposure to Thai soap operas, and the behaviour of Lao American women nowadays, for remembering their homeland and reminding them of the ethnic and cultural identity of Laos. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data in Minnesota, United States, where Thai television soap operas are on a wave of popularity. This research shows that the majority of middle-aged Lao American female audiences habitually watch Thai television programmes, including soap operas, for two to three hours every day via the Thai Global Network satellite channel or websites on the Internet. Thai television viewing considered as a cultural practice becomes the daily routine in the living room between 6 and 10 p.m. Drawing on transnational audiences and uses and gratifications communication theory, the study concludes that the television exposure behaviours of Lao American women as transnational audiences partly connect their memories of their homeland with the pleasures of viewing soaps, while at the same time reflecting the current lack of socioeconomic citizenship status amongst Lao American women due to their poverty, labouring jobs and the inequality of gender roles in family life.  
ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CONSENSUS THROUGH DEVELOPING SPATIAL MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM TOWARDS SMART GOVERNANCE IN MANAGING CITYSCAPE PLANNING
Get PDFThe rapid development of information technology leads to the changes of the urban management system demanding the utilization of the smart city concept which aims to provide an environment for the community that is efficient, sustainable and secure, with the use of ICT (Information and Communications Technology). This paper utilized smart governance concept as one aspect of a smart city to improve and develop community participation in the visual quality control of urban spaces that meet the social aspects, economic efficiency and biological health of the community through visual quality evaluation activities on city space corridors. The development of spatial multimedia support system is one of the current development in urban planning that associated with public engagement. The objective of the study is to develop a scenario of the 3D spatial multimedia system as a Decision Planning Support System for structuring street corridor landscape based on 3D Interactive Simulation System. Through the scenario of interactivity development, 3D visualization in the virtual environment is expected to be efficient as well as supporting the development of the effectiveness of decision-making system in the evaluation of visual comfort quality in the streetscape
POST-ISLAMISM AND ART CINEMA IN INDONESIA: QUESTIONING THE FREEDOM AFTER REVOLUTION IN MUSLIM MAJORITY COUNTRIES
Get PDFPost-Islamism is an ideology that fights against Islamic political upsurge, and if applied in a Muslim country or a majority Muslim country, it would be free to exercise true democracy that celebrates freedom from its previous extremist regime. The lack of freedom hinges upon creativity and success in the art world, including cinema, the most powerful media that reflects on the progression of humanity. Malaysian Cinema has received very little international recognition despite its early establishment in the 1930s. Film narratives that deal with human struggles revolving around inequalities, social and racial imbalance, poverty and religious reinterpretations, are often the basis for international acclaim. These types of narratives that deal with social realism are largely absent from Malaysian cinema. This scenario reflects largely on the competitive-authoritarian regime that the country went through for the past 61 years, up until recently, when she finally managed to topple the previous autocratic government. To prove that what is happening in Malaysia is a lack of freedom, and because Malaysia just recently beginning to experience its reform transition, this paper is going to reflect on Indonesia- a country that shares a lot of similarities with Malaysia, predominantly its geography, language, religion and its multi-ethnicity background-, which has already received their reform from 1998, to investigate how a society during its height of reform experience freedom especially in its cinema industry. This paper draws a connection between the sudden success of the Indonesian Cinema has a direct connection with the elements of Post-Islamism that emerged during the post-New Order era. Using Asef Bayat’s sociologist definition of Post-Islamism, this paper will aim to analyze the success of the Indonesian Cinema between 1998 to 2008. The paper hypothesizes that its revolutionary success is linked to the freedom of expression under Post-Islamism concept which was possible within the Islamic periphery for a 10-year-period until the introduction of the Anti-Pornography Bill. The controversial bill was signed into effect in 2008 and has since been used to curb freedom of expression and once again stifle narrative creativity in local films. This scenario reflects on the similar state of a control the Malaysian cinema undergo. The paper concludes that by adapting the Post-Islamism for the countries’ nation building using cinema as one of the culture change agents, they could progress in shaping a more modern civic minded society. 
FRONTIERS TRANSGRESSIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ILLEGAL PRACTICES IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES BEFORE THE ADVENT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENT: A HISTORICAL STUDY DURING RECENT TIMES
Get PDFFrontiers in Africa are areas fostering mobility and cross-border trade despite state limits. These frontiers have come to be a natural feature in human lives. They designate not only the limits and jurisdictions of states, but also an essential reference of national identity since they regulate movements of people, goods and services. In an era of global inequality of mobility rights, freedoms of mobility for some nationals have coexisted with the systematic exclusion of others. Since independence, the Central African States are developing an interest in cross-frontier cooperation. Frontiers are nodes of contacts, of conflicts and of cooperation all depending on the policies put in place by member States. This explains why frontiers in the study area are subjected to openness or closure. However, despite the role played by member States, Sub regional and regional organizations such as CEMAC, ECCAS and AU amongst others, the phenomenon of frontiers transgression still remain a bitter truth experience. The underway cross-frontiers perspective seems to militate for the openness option. This trend has been growing for the past decades at times because of the slow process of institutionalization and incorporation of cross-frontier cooperation in Central African development policies at national level. Drawn from our various sources especially primary data, this paper attempts to illustrate the dramatic characteristics and evolution in frontier transgression within Central African States. In this sphere, the countries evoked here are Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Nigeria and Sudan. Issues such as dual nationality, cross-border prostitution, arms trafficking, contraband, large-scale trafficking and theft, and attempted solutions are discussed in this paper. 
THE TECHNOLOGY OF EXPERIENCE: NARRATIVE VS MEDIA ANALYSIS OF BASTILLE DAY, NICE, FRANCE 2016
Get PDFHumans possess the ability to experience life events and their accompanying emotions, to store these experiences in memory, and to create new behaviour in the future. It is often said that we learn best from our mistakes. However, life-threatening events are different. Extreme experiences can produce recurring memories that can lead to a range of stress disorders. In the present day many of our experiences and memories are being expanded and transformed by technology, especially the Internet. The author was a survivor of the lone terrorist attack on Bastille Day, 2016 in Nice, France. Two years later, this paper poses autobiographical narration to recount the experiences surrounding this incident and its aftermath. The author concurrently analyses the central narrative to juxtapose official accounts, media reports and reflection. The paper thus accomplishes two goals: it presents a first-hand experience of a major terrorist attack, and it compares a conscripted secondary version mediated by technology
TEACHING HUMAN RIGHTS IN PAKISTANI SCHOOLS: WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL BARRIERS?
Get PDFEducation plays an important role in development of any country. Education is considered one of the major contributors for developing success at local, national and global levels. Human Rights Education (HRE) promotes awareness about human rights and a way of information sharing among students, parents and the community at large, to develop skills in people to understand and combat violations of human rights. If children receive a high quality education, embedded with Human Rights concepts and principles, they can become responsible citizens and promote the human rights.Pakistan ranks at the lowest end of human development in the world. In the Human Development Index 2017, Pakistan ranks at 147th position (out of 188 countries). Pakistan is signatory to a number of international human rights Conventions and thus has pledged to protect the rights of citizens. However, recent international and national reports portray the overall human rights situation in the country as inadequate. The teaching of Human Rights is not formally included in Pakistani curricula, and there is lack of research on the subject of Human Rights Education in Pakistan.This paper attempts to explore the place of human rights within the existing policy documents and school curriculum in Pakistan and barriers in teaching human rights concepts in primary schools of Pakistan. The paper will focus on the situation of human rights education with reference to the policy documents and existing curricula of Social Studies and Islamic Studies subjects and a review of textbooks. The study seeks to identify the opportunities and constraints related to teaching of human rights concepts in schools, and possibilities of teaching human rights concepts in Pakistani schools. The paper will provide recommendations for improved practices of teaching human rights in schools. The study will provide implications for policy makers and education practitioners and will set the ground for future research. The study will also suggest further research human rights education in Pakistan. 
JOB SATISFACTION AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF IN THE PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF THAILAND
Get PDFThis study focused on job satisfaction in various aspects: day – to – day activities, work environment, compensation, and communication. In addition, the study investigated the factors leading to potential problems such as absenteeism and turnover. All participants were from Social Sciences Cluster academic staff aged between 25 to 60 years old in the public universities situated at the lower northern region of Thailand. The survey questionnaire was applied as research instrument to collect the quantitative data. The findings revealed that the overall job satisfaction of the academic staff was high. Day – to – day activities was ranked as the highest and compensation was ranked as the lowest. Additionally, the most influential factors that led to the problem at work belonged to work overload, lack of communication and lack of professional growth and development, respectively.