PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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DESIGN OF PEDAGOGICAL MOBILE ANCIENT HUMAN SETTLEMENT LEARNING FOR SUPPORTING GEO-HISTORY COMPREHENSION, 21ST CENTURY SKILL THROUGH GOOGLE EARTH APPLICATION: Received: 26th March 2025, Revised: 14th April 2025, Accepted: 15st May 2025, Date of Publication: 11th November 2025
No full textThe advancements in educational technology has developed rapidly over the decade. The convenience to access information from online databases has prompted schools worldwide to start incorporating certain technologies into teaching and learning practices as deemed appropriate. In this research, the Google Earth application was utilized to design learning experiences for Grade 10th students to enhance their comprehension of Geography and History including the 21st century skill, which was achieved from Khok Phanom Di Archaeological site fieldtrip, and assessing learning outcomes by creating the ancient human settlement through the Google Earth application. According to the learning achievement, and the self-assessment of the 21st century skill founded that most of learners could develop the essential skill and gain a deeper comprehension in term of academic comprehension after exploring the PMAG field trip significantly, the statistic significant findings (p<0.05). In addition, most of learners could accurately create the ancient maps according to geographical principles, plate tectonics theory, it can be concluded that the pedagogical mobile ancient human settlement learning through Google Earth could support the acquisition of Geography and History knowledge effectively
CLIMATE JUSTICE, SYMBOLIC REPAIR, ETHICAL INTERVENTION THROUGH NARRATIVE AND COMMUNAL HEALING: Received: 25th September 2025, Revised: 27th October 2025, 30th October 2025, Accepted: 10st November 2025, Date of Publication: 11th November 2025
No full textThis paper explores how gendered rituals and testimonial practices function as idioms of survival in climate-stressed regions of Kenya—specifically Turkana, Samburu, and Kwale. These regions were selected for their distinct ecological vulnerabilities, ritual traditions, and gendered survival grammars: Turkana’s drought mourning rites, Samburu’s age-set cosmologies, and Kwale’s matrilineal forest rituals offer plural idioms of symbolic repair. Framed by the theme “Climate justice, symbolic repair, and ethical intervention through narrative and communal healing,” the study introduces the concept of idioms of survival to theorize ritual and testimony as embodied archives of climate memory and moral economies of care. Drawing on a braided methodology—participatory narrative ethnography, ritual mapping, and idiomatic prompt design—the paper examines how mourning, fertility, initiation, and ecological testimony encode ethical responses to climate disruption.
The study pursues three core objectives:
To document and analyze gendered rituals as symbolic technologies of survival
To expand testimonial justice into ecological and gendered domains
To propose culturally attuned frameworks for climate ethics and adaptation
Through case studies and dialogic analysis, the findings reveal how rituals and testimonies offer alternative logics of resilience—ones that challenge technocratic policy and foreground plural cosmologies. The paper contributes to African feminist thought, ritual studies, and climate ethics, while offering practitioner models for ritual-informed programming and policy design. Ultimately, it calls for a reimagining of climate justice—one that listens to the idioms that sustain life
THE EFFECT OF TOURIST PARENTS’ COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE TRUST IN KIDS CLUB EMPLOYEES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO RECOMMEND
Full text linkThis project is about the trust relationship between parents traveling within the scope of family tourism and employees working in kids clubs of hotels. As it is known, tourists traveling within the scope of family tourism leave their children in kids clubs located in child-friendly hotels for both fun and learning during their stay. For this reason, issues such as the sufficient number of personnel employed in kids clubs, their job qualifications and the ability of these personnel to communicate effectively with children are gaining importance. One of the most important characteristics that the personnel working in kids clubs should have is reliability. Among the previous studies in the literature, no research examining the trust relationship between kids club employees and tourists (parents) has been found. Based on this determination, the trust that tourist parents have in kids club personnel is examined in the context of Interpersonal Relationship Theory in this study. In addition, the effect of cognitive and affective trust in kids club employees on customer satisfaction and intention to recommend is investigated in the study. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of cognitive and affective trust that parents have in employees working in kids clubs of hotels on customer satisfaction and intention to recommend. In this way, it will be possible to determine the level of cognitive and affective trust in kids club employees and whether this trust affects customer satisfaction and intention to recommend through the eyes of parents. In order to achieve this aim, parents who have received service from kids clubs during their hotel stays in Turkey in the last five years will be contacted by face to face and/or online questionnaires and data will be collected from them. The data will be tested using a quantitative research design and appropriate analyses, and the hypotheses created will be tested. The findings reached in the study will be presented to the attention of practitioners in order to improve the service provided by employees in kids clubs and will contribute to businesses in terms of making a difference with the services of kids clubs. The most important contribution of the study to the field is to identify the points where kids club employees of hotels fall short in providing services and to develop in-service trainings in this direction, and to create awareness in a broader context for the determination of guiding principles including parameters such as “accommodation, food and beverage, health and safety-employees” for child-friendly hotels in Turkey
THE EVOLUTION OF INGUSH CIVIL ACTIVISM: PROTEST, IDENTITY, AND THE FORMATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Full text linkThis study, part of my doctoral dissertation, concerns the evolution of civil activism, through the case of one indigenous North Caucasian people living on the periphery of the European space. Its objective is to analyze based on extensive fieldwork how collective memory and identity inform protest practices and shape the trajectory of civil society development in Ingushetia (unsovereign state, a Muslim-majority republic of Russia). The research employs qualitative methodology, combining content analysis of primary sources and documentary materials with newly collected oral histories from activists, “memory groups,” and narratives from media and official documents. Analytical categories such as protest ritual and political opportunities provide the framework for examining demonstrations in 1973, 1990, and 2018–2019. Findings indicate that Ingush protests reflect solidarity, resilience, and democratic aspirations. The trajectory of activism highlights continuity in themes of historical trauma, territorial justice, and identity, while the 2018–2019 demonstrations introduced new features: diversification of strategies, broader social participation with greater gender inclusivity, and a democratization of traditional authority structures. Simultaneously, activism is constrained by systemic state repression, which delegitimizes protest yet paradoxically strengthens collective resilience and motivates new generations to seek more institutionalized avenues for identity preservation. Research outcomes underscore the symbolic and ritual dimensions of protest, demonstrating how collective memory is mobilized under authoritarian conditions. Ingush activism thus serves as both a continuation of historical struggles and a modern search for democratic expression. Future scope includes comparative studies of civic activism in non-democratic contexts, with the Ingush case offering valuable insights into the intersections of minority rights, cultural preservation, and European democratic norms. Further exploration of alternative activism, including creative protest and knowledge mediation, may reveal new strategies for civic engagement. The research [PHDF-23-284] has been supported by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia
RELIGION AND RESILIENCE OF CHILSDREN IN A HIGHLY SECULARIZED AND DIGITIZED SOCIETY
Full text linkIn the context of a highly secularised society, religion acquires a new, often less institutional yet still significant role in shaping both individual and collective resilience. Religious traditions, symbols, and rituals function not primarily as sources of doctrinal certainty, but as a cultural reservoir of meanings that can offer support in situations of uncertainty, suffering, or loss. Even where belief in the supernatural has waned, religious language may continue to operate as a mode of existential orientation, helping to mediate a sense of meaning, continuity, and connection with a wider community. Resilience, therefore, is not necessarily contingent upon active religiosity, but can be sustained by the symbolic and ethical resources that religious traditions have left embedded within the cultural memory of a secularised society. In highly secularised societies, the relationship between religion and resilience among children is increasingly mediated by digital culture. Online environments expose young people to a plurality of worldviews and symbolic repertoires. While formal religiosity may play only a marginal role in their lives, digital platforms often serve as spaces where existential questions, ethical dilemmas, and experiences of vulnerability are negotiated. Through social media, gaming, or online storytelling, children encounter hybrid forms of spirituality and community that can foster emotional resilience and a sense of belonging. In this sense, digital culture functions as a new arena in which the symbolic residues of religious traditions are remixed, personalised, and mobilised in support of meaning-making and coping strategies within an ostensibly secular milieu. The conference paper will focus on analyzing the social and cultural environment in Czech society (Europe) and summarize existing data from empirical research. It will identify significant factors and trends that frame the place of religion in a secularized society
CULTURAL HERITAGE AT RISK IN SICILY: MILITARY INTERFERENCE AT THE CASTLE OF BRUCOLI (SYRACUSE, 1941-42)
Full text linkWithin the vast European context, Italy was strongly affected by World War 2 from June 1940. Particularly, Sicily, a Mediterranean island rich heritage remains, became a major target for enemy aircraft bombing due to its proximity to the African frontline, especially right before the Allied landing (July 1943). In such an emergency context, Italian authorities actualized a series of measures to protect monuments (e.g. installing protective scaffoldings and sandbags). However, protecting cultural heritage often clashed with the military necessity of defending Sicily from any potential enemy attack. What do we know about peculiar quarrels between military and safeguarding national authorities in case a monument was supposed to be safeguarded? Benefitting from a series of archival records which are still fully neglected by scholars, the main aim of my paper is to evaluate a vital case study on the protection of the medieval Castle of Brucoli, a small coastal historical centre, 35 km north from Syracuse. Between 1941 and 1942, a battalion of the Italian army stationed in Sicily began to utilize the castle for military purposes to store straw and firewood. The Superintendent of Monuments in Catania protested vehemently for such a decision asking the intervention of Giuseppe Bottai, Fascist Minister of Education. My paper is strictly connected to a major research project carried out at Ghent University (2020-22) whose results are now forthcoming as a monograph. First, I outline the history of heritage protection in Sicily in the early 1940s contextualizing the event of the Castle of Brucoli in the wider European framework. Then, I assess the episode highlighting the historical relevance of data through records. My analysis will lead towards vital outcomes including a remarkable reconstruction of social, military and civilian networks involved in the protection/use of monuments in war context complementing results of the above-mentioned project profitably
EXPLORING STUDENT SATISFACTION AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CHATGPT IN HIGHER EDUCATION: INSIGHTS FROM A TWO-YEAR CROSS-DISCIPLINARY STUDY
Full text linkThe launch of ChatGPT by OpenAI in November 2022 marked a major milestone in integrating artificial intelligence into higher education. Its advanced natural language processing capabilities and user-friendly design have rapidly transformed study practices worldwide, sparking both enthusiasm and critical debate among educators. This study explores student satisfaction and attitudes toward ChatGPT over two academic years (2023–2024 and 2024–2025), drawing on data from a large-scale global survey involving 23,218 and 22,963 students from more than 120 countries. Employing descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-tests, the analysis reveals a steady increase in the adoption and integration of ChatGPT into everyday academic routines. Students most frequently used the tool for brainstorming, summarizing lengthy texts, research assistance, and study support. Satisfaction also improved over time, with more than two-thirds of respondents reporting that using ChatGPT was interesting and helpful, and over half perceiving it as more useful than traditional search engines. However, despite these positive perceptions, many students still preferred human interaction, citing the AI’s lack of social presence and its limitations in addressing complex, subjective academic content. Importantly, the study identifies notable differences across academic disciplines: students in applied sciences and technology fields expressed the highest satisfaction, valuing ChatGPT’s technical assistance and clarity of information, while those in the social sciences and humanities demonstrated a stronger preference for guidance from human educators. These findings underscore ChatGPT’s rapidly growing role in higher education and highlight the need for institutions to adapt policies and teaching practices to support responsible and effective use. The insights provided offer valuable guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to harness the benefits of generative AI while addressing students’ diverse expectations and concerns
THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL CAPITAL AS RESOURCES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: Received: 11th November 2025, Revised: 21st November 2025, 25th November 2025, Accepted: 27st November 2025, Date of Publication: 28th November 2025
No full textThis study examines the interplay between social and physical capital resources in shaping students’ perceptions, motivation, and academic performance across two rural community contexts—L County (high-performing) and F County (low-performing), Kentucky. The primary objective is to explore how community-level resources influence students’ educational orientations and how these dynamics vary between high- and low-achieving groups. Grounded in motivation theory and cultural models theory (D’Andrade & Strauss, 1992; Gee, 1996), the study conceptualizes social and physical capital as motivational structures that mediate students’ agency, aspiration, and achievement. Employing a pragmatic mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative analysis (n = 42) with qualitative interviews (n = 40). Quantitative findings indicate that in L County, students’ motivation was primarily shaped by teacher influence (r = 0.596, p < .01), whereas in F County, motivational drivers were dispersed across teachers, peers, and parents, reflecting weaker coherence. Qualitative evidence further reveals that deficits in physical capital—such as inadequate infrastructure, limited facilities, and restricted local opportunities—indirectly constrained long-term aspirations, while social capital, particularly through teacher and family relationships, exerted a more immediate influence on motivation and performance. Overall, the findings suggest that the quality and coherence of social relationships, rather than the quantity of available resources, are decisive factors in educational success. The study contributes to the sociology of education by integrating spatial and relational dimensions of capital into motivational analysis and by illuminating how students in resource-constrained settings mobilize social and physical capital to navigate structural inequalities and pursue academic advancement
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING MECHANISMS OF SERVICE QUALITY, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, AND BRAND IMAGE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY
Full text linkThis study is an empirical investigation into the effects of service quality, customer satisfaction, and brand image on customer loyalty in high-end health management centers affiliated with medical centers in Taiwan, and to provide management strategy recommendations for healthcare institutions to enhance customer loyalty. A survey method was used, analyzing customers of high-end health management centers as the research subjects. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, with 446 valid samples collected. The questionnaire was reviewed by experts for expert validity, and the data met the required standards after reliability analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted on the questionnaire content to test the research hypotheses. Regarding demographic variables, age showed differences across all Dimension. Education level and monthly income showed significant differences in the loyalty construct. Customer satisfaction and brand image have a significant positive impact on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction having a stronger influence. However, service quality did not have a direct significant impact on customer loyalty. Additionally, both service quality and brand image had a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction, indicating that service quality indirectly affects loyalty through customer satisfaction. It is worth noting that customers with a higher frequency of health checkups had lower loyalty. In the highly competitive health checkup service market, customer satisfaction and brand image are the key drivers of customer loyalty. Although basic service quality is a necessary condition, it does not directly affect loyalty. This suggests that customers take basic professionalism and service for granted. Therefore, if healthcare institutions can go beyond basic services by optimizing the process experience and building a professional yet humane brand image, it is recommended to shift the marketing focus from "quality promotion" to "brand value creation" to establish a long-term competitive advantage in the market
RURAL FUNERARY LANDSCAPES ON THE SYRIAN COAST DURING THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS: ARCHITECTURE, EPIGRAPHY AND CULTURAL IDENTITY: Received: 12th September 2025, Revised: 27th October 2025, 21st November 2025, Accepted: 28th November 2025, Date of Publication: 15th december 2025
No full textThis paper investigates the funerary landscapes of rural settlements along the Syrian coast during the Roman and Byzantine periods. Spanning the 1st–6th centuries CE, lebanit examines how burial forms and mortuary rituals reflected broader transformations in social, religious, and cultural identity. Drawing on epigraphic evidence (Aliquot, 2010; Gatier, 2005), national archaeological surveys (Badawi 2010, 2015, 2016-2019), and the author’s own field documentation in the Jableh hinterland, the study develops a typology of rural tombs. It situates them in relation to settlements, agricultural installations, and sacred sites. Case studies from Khirbet al-Mirdesiya, Bishman, Barsoomah, Arab al-Milk, and al-Rahbiyya highlight the predominance of rock-cut tombs, the selective use of Greek funerary inscriptions by rural elites, and the gradual Christianization of mortuary space. By comparing these practices with funerary traditions in Lebanon and the Syrian Limestone Massif, the paper demonstrates both regional continuities and unique coastal developments. The analysis highlights how burial spaces were not passive residues, but rather active social and symbolic constructs. They encoded kinship, memory, and belief into the physical landscape, thereby offering a valuable lens into the cultural identity of rural communities in Late Antiquity