PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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CRITICS AND ACTUAL RESULTS OF THE STATE SUPPORT FOR YOUNG FAMILIES DURING THE FIDESZ GOVERNMENT
Full text linkIn response to declining birth rates, Hungary has introduced wide-ranging family support programs under Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s government. This case study explores how financial incentives—such as the Baby Expecting Loan (Babaváró Hitel), housing subsidies (CSOK), and tax benefits—have influenced family decisions since the 2010s. The research examines whether these policies have led to a lasting rise in fertility, primarily helped certain social groups, or mainly served political goals. It draws on demographic data, government documents, and budget information to assess the real impact of Hungary’s pro-family agenda. The study also looks at the ideological side of these policies, including their emphasis on traditional family values and their role in broader political strategies. The findings offer insight into how state support can shape reproductive choices and may help inform other countries facing similar demographic challenges
The Role Of African Culture In Shaping Modern Healthcare Practices In Nigeria
Full text linkAfrican heritage profoundly impacted the development of modern healthcare in Nigeria through the integration of its traditional beliefs and contemporary culture. Traditional healthcare systems are engraved in cultural elements such as herbal medicine, spiritual healing, and the worship of deities like Osanyin (the god of herbal medicine) and Babalawo (traditional healers) among the Yorubas. In the Igbo culture of southeastern Nigeria, traditional medicine involves the use of herbs, rituals, and the role of dibias (healers) who diagnose and treat illnesses through spiritual and natural means. Similarly, the Hausa people of northern Nigeria rely on traditional healing methods, including the use of magani (herbal remedies) and Islamic medicine. These practices are found across Yorubaland, Igboland and Hausaland have historically emphasized holistic healing, balancing physical, spiritual, and emotional well-being. This research investigates the impact of culturally specific practices like herbalists, spiritualists, and other forms of primary healthcare, on the evolution of healthcare systems in Nigeria. This study will use a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of secondary data including scholarly books, peer-reviewed articles, historical records, and ethnographic data with interviews of traditional healers and healthcare professionals to examine how these cultural practices have been integrated into modern healthcare systems. The study highlights public health concern by emphasising the need to integrate both traditional and contemporary methods of medicine. It was revealed that Nigerian healthcare systems operate efficiently with the integration of traditional and contemporay medicine that is practised in a culturally respectful manner. This not only improves the acceptance of healthcare services, but also builds confidence among complex societies. This research indicates that the understanding and integration of African anthropology into healthcare policy formulation will improve the efficacy and sustainability of healthcare delivery systems in Nigeria
BRIDGING BORDERS, PROTECTING RIGHTS: EVALUATING INDONESIA’S MIXED MARRIAGE POLICY FOR CITIZENS IN CHINA
Full text linkThis study examines the implementation of Indonesia’s Mixed Marriage policy for Indonesian citizens residing in China. The rising number of mixed marriages between Indonesian women and Chinese men has brought about legal and social challenges, including cases of exploitation, human trafficking, and unclear legal status. A notable phenomenon is the emergence of informal Mail Order Bride arrangements, where Indonesian women relate to foreign spouses through unregulated networks and digital platforms, often bypassing official procedures and facing significant risks. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyses the effectiveness of existing policies, identifies structural, legal, and social barriers, and evaluates the roles of both Indonesian and Chinese authorities in safeguarding citizens’ rights. Data was collected through interviews, document analysis, and field observations. Findings reveal that weak inter-agency coordination, limited institutional capacity, and unclear bureaucratic procedures hinder effective policy implementation. These gaps leave Indonesian citizens vulnerable to rights violations and legal insecurity. The study recommends strengthening bilateral legal frameworks, providing pre-marital legal education for prospective spouses, and establishing joint verification and protection mechanisms to ensure the dignity, safety, and legal certainty of Indonesian citizens in transnational marriages. This study investigates how Indonesia’s policies on mixed marriages are implemented for its citizens living in China. The increasing trend of marriages between Indonesian women and Chinese men has triggered a range of legal and social issues, including exploitation, human trafficking, and ambiguous legal standing. A particularly concerning development is the rise of informal “mail-order bride” arrangements, wherein Indonesian women connect with Chinese partners via unregulated digital channels and informal networks—often circumventing official legal processes and exposing themselves to serious risks. Adopting a qualitative descriptive methodology, the research evaluates the efficacy of current policies, pinpoints structural, legal, and societal obstacles, and assesses the roles played by both Indonesian and Chinese governmental bodies in protecting their citizens’ rights. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews with embassy staff, analysis of official documents, and on-site fieldwork. The findings indicate that ineffective coordination among government agencies, insufficient institutional resources, and vague bureaucratic protocols significantly impede policy enforcement. These systemic shortcomings leave Indonesian nationals—particularly women—in vulnerable positions, susceptible to rights abuses and legal uncertainty. To address these challenges, the study proposes several key interventions: reinforcing bilateral legal agreements between Indonesia and China, instituting mandatory pre-marital legal education for couples entering transnational unions, and creating joint verification and protection systems. These measures aim to uphold the dignity, safety, and legal security of Indonesian citizens involved in cross-border marriages
SCHRÖDINGER'S PLOT, REVISITED: QUANTUM INDETERMINACY AND NON-DETERMINISTIC NARRATIVE IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE FICTION
Full text linkThe enduring interplay between scientific paradigms and literary expression continues to shape our understanding of reality and narrative. While classical literary analysis often presupposes deterministic plot trajectories and clear causal chains, the revolutionary insights of quantum mechanics have introduced fundamental indeterminacy into our understanding of the universe. This paper argues that the conceptual framework of quantum indeterminacy, as initially explored in Modernist "quantum poetics" by figures like Daniel Albright, has profoundly influenced the non-deterministic plot progression and ambiguous narrative closure characteristic of contemporary science fiction, particularly in narratives featuring highly autonomous artificial intelligence. Drawing on the philosophical implications of quantum theory, as articulated by thinkers like Carlo Rovelli and Slavoj Žižek, this study has analyzed how select works of contemporary science fiction particularly the trending Murderbot Diaries construct plots that resist singular, predictable outcomes, mirroring the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum reality. By examining the manifestation of quantum indeterminacy in narrative structure, this paper seeks to illuminate the sophisticated engagement of modern science fiction with cutting-edge scientific and philosophical thought, contributing to the interdisciplinary dialogue between literature and science.
 
CONSTRUCTING THE AFFORDABILITY INDEX OF ICTS AND INTERNET SERVICES IN THAILAND AND SELECTED ASIAN COUNTRIES
Full text linkThe primary objective of this research is to formulate an index designed to quantify the affordability index of ICTs and internet services in Thailand in relation to 8 chosen countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, China, Japan, and South Korea. The goal is to undertake a comparative analysis of strengths and weaknesses, and to proffer policy recommendations to bolster the affordability and reduce the problem of the digital divide. The index is a composite index having 2 main factors: (1) the price of access to ICTs (a 50% weighting) with 4 sub-factors – the mobile-cellular basket as share of GNI per capita; the mobile-cellular sub-basket (in USD); the mobile-cellular sub-basket (in PPP); and tax rates on mobile services, and (2) the price of access to the internet (a 50% weighting) with 5 sub-factors – the fixed-broadband basket as share of GNI per capita; the fixed-broadband sub-basket (in USD); the fixed-broadband sub-basket (in PPP); tax rates on fixed broadband services; and broadband internet speeds. The findings of the study disclose that in the year 2023, the affordability index in Thailand was 0.973 which was lower than an average of 8 benchmark countries of 0.979 (Singapore 0.998, China 0.994, South Korea 0.994, Japan 0.992, Malaysia 0.990, Vietnam 0.986, Indonesia 0.974, and the Philippines 0.966, respectively). The index ranges from 0 to 1 with higher numbers indicating higher affordability. The competitive weaknesses of Thailand are concentrated in the mobile-cellular sub-basket (in both USD and PPP), tax rates on mobile services, and fixed-broadband sub-basket (in PPP).Thailand's competitive strengths, on the other hand, are predominantly located within the fixed-broadband basket as share of GNI per capita and broadband internet speeds. The future scope of the study should consider other indicators of digital divide such as communication infrastructures, computer availability, availability of alternative access through TVs or mobile phones, and internet access
UNDERSTANDING UNDERGRADUATES MONEY MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: A STUDY BEYOND FINANCIAL LITERACY
Full text linkPurpose: Undergraduate' money management behavior determines the smoothness of their transition into adulthood. Economic, social, and psychological factors also influence college students' money management behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how college students manage and respond to the economic, social, and psychological factors that influence their money management behavior, and to examine whether these responses change as they progress through their degrees.Methodology/approach: Qualitative Exploratory, Data were collected using six focus group discussions (FGDs), held at three universities in Indonesia, attended by 47 undergraduate students.Findings: The results showed that the way they handled their spending, income, savings, friendships, and stress changed as they moved through their studies. They both had similar ways of investing, followed their parents' money tips, and used technology to save money, no matter how far they were in their studies.Practical implications: The results of this study can help governments, banks, schools, and parents who want to teach college students good money management skills.Originality/value: This study goes beyond just talking about financial literacy. It has demonstrated how undergraduates' students react to different factors related to managing money and how these reactions change as they advance in their studies. This study used a qualitative exploratory method, instead of the usual quantitative methods that are often used for research on how undergraduates' students manage their money
RECORDING VIRTUAL TEAMS USING THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL TERMS FOR ARTIFICIAL MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION. RESEARCH RESULTS
Full text linkThe paper describes the potential of artificial management in virtual teams, focusing on how AI can replicate managerial actions typically performed by human team leaders and members. The research is driven by two main questions: (1) What theoretical framework should be used to document managerial actions? and (2) What tools can effectively measure and build knowledge about these actions? Methodology The study adopts a qualitative case study approach, supported by a long-term non-participant observation of a virtual team consisting of a manager and three members. It applies the system of organizational terms, rooted in Wittgenstein’s philosophy, to record team behaviors. Data were collected using TransistorsHead.com – 10 online management tools that tracks the sequence and outcomes of team actions over time. Findings.The system of organizational terms successfully identified and categorized specific managerial actions. TransistorsHead.com enabled real-time tracking and visualization of team dynamics across 10 categories of managerial actions. The study confirmed the feasibility of capturing complex human patterns of behavior aimed at artificial management implementation. Conclusion The research demonstrates that managerial behaviors in virtual teams can be systematically recorded and analyzed. These findings are the foundations for implementing artificial management systems capable of autonomously performing core team actions
DIGITALIZATION WITH CITIZEN VERIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM: Received:12thJanuary2025, Revised:25thFeb2025, Accepted:16thJune2025, DateofPublication:21stJuly2025
No full textPoverty remains an undeniable social issue that is deeply rooted in the social fabric. The state welfare card policy under the leadership of General Prayut Chan-o-cha was created as guidelines for improving life quality and ending poverty by helping with living expenses, finding opportunities to access public services, and developing vocational training.The state relies on specific identity representations in the neoliberal world in the absence of authentic empirical evidence. Perceptive ambiguities lead to an attempt to create a field of meaning that is static and numerable until it becomes a characteristic that the state can control and predict. The more it is combined with the proof mechanism, the more it is conducive to the growth of capital groups and political networks aggravating international poverty despite repeated suppression. Those uncounted or overlooked by the system are challenged for survival and activities that they are allowed to do. Results are that the state welfare card represents a set of governmental ideas with clear control and determination goals. Poverty and politics remain intertwined, as the card helps societal denizens learn to prove their own poverty and be aware of new rules by which poverty is reduced according to the state perception framework. As a result, the state welfare card is a basis for creating more poverty under the neoliberal drive
NAVIGATING BARRIERS: MIGRATION OF LITHUANIAN SINGLE MOTHERS AND WELFARE IN GERMANY, NORWAY AND THE UK
Full text linkThis presentation examines the migration experiences of Lithuanian single mothers, driven by inadequate support in their home country, leading them to seek better economic opportunities in Germany, Norway, and the UK. The research objective is to identify the barriers and opportunities single mothers face due to varying family policies in these countries. The methodology includes policy analysis and semi-structured interviews with single mothers, applying life-course theory to analyse how family policies shape their experiences over time. While these countries offer improved socio-economic conditions, challenges persist, particularly in balancing family and work responsibilities. Norway’s comprehensive family policies promote gender equality through better defamilialisation and decommodification, whereas Germany and the UK offer moderate support. The research emphasises the need for gender-responsive policies that ensure economic independence and social recognition for single mothers, enhancing both their well-being and participation in society. Future research could compare the situation of single mothers with two-parent families across EU countries to identify how gendered policies are. Research findings could be applied to policy recommendations aimed at improving gender equality and socio-economic outcomes for single mothers
GAME THEORY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
Full text linkThis paper deals with the different ways that Game Theory is being used in Political Science research. The goal of the paper is twofold. First, it uses concrete examples of Political Science research to illustrate different ways that the Game Theory is employed to answer research questions and verify hypotheses in Political Science. Second, it analyzes these methods to show which avenues of use of Game Theory in Political Science are the most promising in terms of generating valuable insight into issues relevant to this scientific field