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THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETAL MARKETING IN SERVICE BUSINESSES: ORIGINS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES (1970-2023)
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to retrace the paradigm changes in the evolution of marketing theory through four periods that led to the emergence of societal marketing, as well as the causes behind these changes. Our work is based on an in-depth literature review and theoretical analysis founded on the work of P. Kotler and G. Zaltman (1971), which contributed to the reconceptualization of the concept of societal marketing. We then examine the factors that have favored the successful implementation of societal marketing in service companies, such as closer relationships with customers, win-win strategies for all, and a focus on relational trust. This analysis is inspired by the work of Grönroos (2007) on interactive service models, where transparent communication and customer experience reinforce consumer loyalty and commitment. Finally, we focus on future prospects that could completely revolutionize societal marketing and enable its consensual, gradual and widespread acceptance within service companies, which is not yet the case today. Despite notable advances, only a small minority of companies are implementing the principles of societal marketing. However, changing consumer behavior, the rise of artificial intelligence, increased competition and a growing number of brands for a limited demand, as well as existing regulations, have obliged many companies to prioritize customer loyalty strategies. These factors will increase the pressure on companies to meet societal marketing standards
IMPROVING EDUCATION AND BUILDING DIGITAL LITERACY IN STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD): TEACHER APPROACHES AND OBSTACLES
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the role of educational reform in enhancing digital literacy skills among students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on teacher strategies and the challenges faced during implementation. With the increasing importance of digital literacy in modern education, students with ASD often face unique barriers in acquiring these skills. As digital technologies become a critical part of both academic and social life, it is crucial to understand how educational reforms can support these students. This research fills a significant gap in literature by examining the intersection of ASD, digital literacy, and the evolving educational landscape. The methodology involves semi-structured interviews with 13 teachers who work with students with ASD in various educational settings. These interviews provide qualitative insights into the strategies teachers employ to develop digital literacy skills in these students, as well as the challenges they face. The findings reveal that teachers utilise individualised approaches, including visual aids, task breakdowns, and technology-assisted learning tools, to enhance digital literacy. However, challenges such as lack of resources, insufficient training, and the need for a more tailored curriculum persist. Despite these hurdles, teachers report positive impacts on students’ engagement and learning outcomes when digital literacy is integrated thoughtfully. In conclusion, while educational reforms show promise in improving digital literacy for students with ASD, there is a pressing need for targeted professional development, adequate resources, and a more inclusive curriculum to address existing barriers and maximise the potential of these students. The study emphasises the importance of continued support and innovation in teaching strategies for this diverse group
THE EDUCATIONAL POTENTIALS OF BAKA L.’S PACKETBOOKS
Full text linkThis study explores the Packetbook Project, an innovative initiative aimed at renewing Hungarian literature education in Slovakia. The primary objective of the project is to make students’ reading experiences more personal, relevant, and engaging by building on the freedom of choice, contemporary literature, and experiential pedagogical approaches. The paper provides an overview of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the Packetbook, investigates its pedagogical potential, and places special emphasis on the shift in assessment paradigms that align with its educational philosophy. At the core of this shift is the concept of formative assessment, which seeks not merely to evaluate students' performance but to actively support their learning progress. The Packetbook and formative assessment together constitute an interconnected framework that redefines the learning process as complex, personalized, and experience oriented
A PRACTICE REVIEW: INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR EXPANDING MULTILINGUAL ACCESS IN INFORMAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
Full text linkThis review examines the interactive experiences of multilingual visitors in science museums, with a focus on how these spaces can better serve visitors who face linguistic and cultural barriers. The author’s perspective is shaped by personal experiences as an international student from China and as an ESL educator in the U.S., offering valuable insight into the challenges faced by multilingual adults when navigating museum exhibits. Through a comprehensive analysis of current practices in science centers, the study identifies significant obstacles to access, including language barriers, limited multilingual resources, and a lack of cultural sensitivity in museum programming. The review also explores various strategies employed by museums in various subjects to address these barriers. These include the provision of multilingual audio guides, bilingual signage, and culturally relevant educational programs. The study draws attention to the need for science museums to rethink their approach to inclusivity, recognizing that the diversity of museum visitors is growing, with multilingual populations becoming a larger and more influential demographic. As part of this, the review considers examples from existing programs that have successfully engaged multilingual audiences, highlighting the potential for community-based science initiatives, digital resources, and collaborative partnerships with local cultural organizations. By analyzing both the barriers faced by multilingual visitors and the ongoing efforts to address these challenges, the research advocates for a systemic approach to inclusivity in science education. It emphasizes that science museums can and should be leaders in fostering equitable access to educational resources for all visitors, regardless of their language proficiency. Ultimately, the review aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about how science museums can evolve to reflect the multicultural and multilingual realities of contemporary society, fostering more inclusive, engaging, and educational environments for diverse audiences
ENHANCING TEACHER EDUCATION THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SADC REGION
Full text linkThe Southern African Development Community (SADC) has prioritised the integration of learning technologies in higher education to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of Social Sciences teacher education at two universities, one in South Africa and one in Lesotho, to explore the prospects and prevalence of learning technologies. Framed by the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model and guided by a pragmatic qualitative case study design, the research involved student-teachers, lecturers, librarians, and educational technology specialists. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. Findings demonstrate that learning technologies fulfil diverse roles, including providing access to resources, facilitating instruction, supporting assessment, and enabling collaborative engagement. Both institutions rely on learning management systems (eThuto in South Africa and Thuto in Lesotho), complemented by e-libraries, personal devices, and social media platforms. However, their use has declined in recent years, reflecting challenges in sustaining digital integration. While substantial progress has been made, disparities in infrastructure, funding, and institutional support continue to constrain the effective adoption of these technologies. The study concludes by recommending strengthened policies, expanded digital infrastructure, and improved pedagogical strategies to enhance the preparation of future Social Sciences teachers. The findings offer insights for advancing educational technology adoption within the SADC region and provide a foundation for broader comparative studies in higher education
REIMAGINING LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND GAMIFICATION FOR GLOBALLY MOBILE LEARNERS IN NON-IMMERSIVE CONTEXTS (WITH A FOCUS ON DAZ/DAF): Received: 12th August 2025, Revised: 11th September 2025, Accepted: 17th October 2025, Date of Publication: 06th November 2025
No full textThis article advances a critical reimagining of German language acquisition for globally mobile learners navigating non-immersive, digitally mediated contexts. Positioned at the intersection of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), cognitive linguistics, and human-computer interaction, the study interrogates the structural and pedagogical limitations of current Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) platforms—particularly their failure to support integrated, skill-balanced development in linguistically demanding contexts such as DaZ/DaF. Drawing on Design-Based Research (DBR), the authors propose a multi-tiered mobile learning ecology anchored in a prototypical application that combines AI-driven adaptivity with narrative-based gamification. This hybrid architecture simulates immersive conditions through city-based tasks, interactive dialogue flows, and CEFR-aligned communicative scenarios. Empirical findings from a purposively sampled cohort of fifty globally mobile learners reveal persistent cognitive and affective challenges, including fragmented input, insufficient feedback, and metacognitive disorientation. The prototype responds by embedding linguistic scaffolding, affect-sensitive interaction design, and dynamic personalization mechanisms to bridge the gap between learner autonomy and structured progression. By repositioning non-immersed learners as central actors in the design of pedagogically rigorous, technologically augmented language learning environments, this study articulates a scalable and theoretically grounded framework for post-immersion language pedagogy. In so doing, it offers a substantive contribution to ongoing debates in SLA, educational technology, and transnational language instruction—proposing not merely an app, but a paradigm shift in how language acquisition is imagined and operationalized in the 21st century
DO EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR RURAL MULTI-GRADE LEARNERS EXIST?
Full text linkThis paper explores the distinctive challenges of teaching and learning in multi-grade classrooms in rural areas of the Free State Province, South Africa. It seeks to identify effective strategies suited to the unique needs of learners in these contexts. The qualitative study involved 14 Intermediate Phase teachers and 6 principals from multi-grade schools in the Lejweleputswa and Fezile Dabi districts, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically through an interpretive qualitative approach. Findings reveal that teaching strategies in multi-grade classrooms are diverse, influenced by teacher personality, subject content, and classroom dynamics. These approaches also reflect the teacher’s skills, the lesson objectives, and the physical constraints of the classroom space. Despite this diversity, both teachers and principals reported insufficient training or orientation in approaches specifically designed for multi-grade teaching. This lack of targeted preparation raises critical questions about whether learners in rural multi-grade schools are afforded equal opportunities to achieve academic success compared to their peers in more conventional school settings
A STUDY ON SECURE PRIVATE SET UNION SCHEME IN IOT ENVIRONMENT
Full text linkIn the IOT environment, network edges have data, but a centralized server may need to obtain the union from edges for efficient data access. PSU is a cryptographic primitive that allows protocol parties to compute the union of their private datasets without revealing any extra information. Traditional PSU protocols presuppose that all parties must input their private datasets. This assumption doesn’t hold in some scenarios where an inputless Third party needs to get the union. For instance, a regulatory organization may need to get the union of patient data from hospitals for statistical analysis, without inputting any dataset. We propose a novel TP-PSU, specifically designed for a setting with three parties and an inputless Third party. Our protocol enables the Third party to compute the union, while preventing the leakage of any other extra information. This includes protecting the origin and duplication of each data item across edge nodes, thus maintaining privacy in the IoT environment
A STUDY ON SECURE PRIVATE SET UNION SCHEME IN IOT ENVIRONMENT: Received: 10th June 2025, Revised: 20th June 2025, 10th July 2025, Accepted: 2nd September 2025, Date of Publication: 19th September 2025
No full textIn the IOT environment, network edges have data, but a centralized server may need to obtain the union from edges for efficient data access. PSU is a cryptographic primitive that allows protocol parties to compute the union of their private datasets without revealing any extra information. Traditional PSU protocols presuppose that all parties must input their private datasets. This assumption doesn’t hold in some scenarios where an inputless Third party needs to get the union. For instance, a regulatory organization may need to get the union of patient data from hospitals for statistical analysis, without inputting any dataset. We propose a novel TP-PSU, specifically designed for a setting with three parties and an inputless Third party. Our protocol enables the Third party to compute the union, while preventing the leakage of any other extra information. This includes protecting the origin and duplication of each data item across edge nodes, thus maintaining privacy in the IoT environment
BASELINE STUDY OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS RESTORATION IN RABIGH LAGOON, SAUDI ARABIA
Full text linkThis baseline study evaluates the health and spatial distribution of mangrove ecosystems in Rabigh Lagoon, located along Saudi Arabia’s eastern Red Sea coast. It aims to support integrated ecotourism development, conservation planning, and sustainable coastal management. The study adopted a multi-scale, data-driven approach combining field-based ecological assessments with advanced remote sensing technologies. Fieldwork at six representative sites involved analyzing chemical, physical, biological, and nutritional parameters, including water salinity, pH, sediment granulometry, mangrove species composition, and nutrient content (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus). Results indicated spatial variability in salinity, sediment characteristics, and biological indicators, suggesting localized environmental stress and potential nutrient limitations. Complementing the field study, remote sensing analyses were conducted in the initial phase using drone-based surveys and satellite imagery. High-resolution drone data (over 1,200 images across 6.2 km²) were processed to generate orthomosaics, digital surface models, land cover classifications, and 3D reconstructions. This enabled assessment of mangrove canopy structure, vegetation gaps, and spatial distribution, leading to the identification of 12 priority zones for restoration. Notably, a 23% decline in healthy mangrove cover was observed since 2015, underscoring the urgency of intervention. The ongoing phase of the project focuses on evaluating restoration potential and developing a preliminary action plan. Using integrated geospatial outputs, field data, and ecological criteria, intervention sites have been identified and assessed. A conceptual framework has been developed to guide site-specific restoration actions, outline expected ecological benefits and establish monitoring strategies. Future work includes extended seasonal sampling, satellite analysis from 1984 to 2024, and the integration of artificial intelligence and hyperspectral data to enhance mangrove health and carbon stock assessments. These efforts collectively establish a foundation for resilient ecosystem management, restoration planning, and the promotion of blue carbon and biodiversity conservation initiatives in Rabigh Lagoon