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The North Basilica in Herodes Atticus’ Villa at Eva/Loukou: New Observations on the Architecture and the Sculptural Program.
Full text linkΤhe excavated part of Herodes’ luxurious residence at Eva/Loukou of Kynouria, modern Arkadia, covers a surface of 6,5 dinums and has the plan of a typical roman villa. The original phase of the villa dates to the second half of the 1st century A.D., at the latest, and is connected with the family of the fabulously wealthy Athenian entrepreneur, philosopher and Roman official, Herodes Atticus. The North Basilica, an impressive complex with a surface of approximately 1,000 square meters, was intensively excavated in the decade of the 1990s by the former E’ Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities (E΄ EPKA). Its preserved ruins date to the second half of the 4th century AD, at the earliest. Recent investigation has concluded that it consists of an apsidal single storey colonnaded hall with rooms attached against its south and west sides. Our documentation has reconstructed the original height of the columns and identified all the features of the superstructure, allowing for a more detailed reconstruction of the building. It is also firmly confirmed that members of structures that date to the late 1st and early 2nd centuries A.D. have been reused for the construction of the North Basilica in its present state, as hypothesized by the excavators. Other features were made from scratch from fine white marble. The round structure in the north east corner of the compound is identified as a staircase well that led to the upper level. The reconstruction of the architecture is combined with comments on the sculpture collection that once adorned this remarkable hall
Η παρουσία και λατρεία της Αθηνάς στο Ασκληπιείο και στην πόλη της Επιδαύρου
Full text linkΗ μελέτη επισκοπεί διαχρονικά τη λατρεία της θεάς Αθηνάς και τη σημασία της στα τοπικά θρησκευτικά συμφραζόμενα της Επιδαύρου (αρχαίας πόλης και Ασκληπιείου) με αφορμή δύο αδημοσίευτα αγαλμάτια της θεάς, ύστερης κλασικής και ύστερης αυτοκρατορικής περιόδου αντίστοιχα. Η λατρεία της Αθηνάς στην Επιδαυρία αν και παλαιά, παράμεινε διαχρονικά δευτερεύουσας σημασίας σε σχέση με εκείνη του Ασκληπιού. Στην πόλη της Επιδαύρου η θεά λατρεύεται ως Κισσαία, ενώ οι στενές σχέσεις με την Αθήνα κατά την πρώιμη περίοδο αντικατοπτρίζονται στη λατρεία των θεαινών Δαμίας και Αυξησίας, τοπικής εκδοχής των Ελευσινίων Θεοτήτων. Τον 4ο αι. π.Χ., η συνειδητή επιλογή διαμόρφωσης της λατρείας του Ασκληπιού σε ένα εξαγώγιμο, διεθνές πολιτιστικό προϊόν οδηγεί στην ένταξη στο τελετουργικό της αναίμακτης πρόθυσης πριν την εγκοίμηση νέων ελάσσονων θεοτήτων μεταξύ των οποίων και η Αθηνά (υπό αττική επιρροή). Κατά την ελληνιστική και αυτοκρατορική περίοδο, η θέση της θεάς σε σχέση με την κύρια λατρεία παραμένει δευτερεύουσα, με την αττική επιρροή, καλλιτεχνική και θρησκευτική, να βαίνει ολοένα αυξανόμενη. Η τάση αυτή θα οδηγήσει ιδίως κατά τον 3ο – 4ο αι. μ.Χ. στη στενή σύνδεση της λατρείας του Ασκληπιού με εκείνη των Ελευσινίων Θεοτήτων (κατά τα πρότυπα της Αττικής), μέσω της παλαιάς τοπικής εκδοχής των τελευταίων στην πόλη της Επιδαύρου. The study focuses on the cult of the goddess Athena and its importance within the local religious context of Epidauros (ancient city and Asklepieion) on the occasion of the publication of two hitherto unknown statuettes of the goddess, of late Classical and late imperial date respectively. The cult of Athena in Epidauros, although old, remained of secondary importance in relation to that of Asklepios. In the city of Epidauros the goddess was worshipped with the epithet Kissaia, while the close relationship the city maintained with Athens during the early Archaic period is reflected in the worship of two local olive-tree deities, Damia and Auxesia, local versions of the Eleusinian Deities. In the 4th c. BC, the conscious choice of shaping the cult of Asklepios in an exportable, international cultural product leads to the inclusion in the ritual of bloodless sacrifice preceding incubation, of new minor deities, including Athena (probably under Athenian influence). During the Hellenistic and Imperial periods, Athena’s position in the Epidaurian pantheon remains secondary, while Attic influence, artistic and religious, gradually but consistently increases. This tendency will lead especially during the 3rd and 4th c. A.D. to the cult of Asklepios being closely connected to that of the Eleusinian Deities, with the latter’s Archaic Epidaurian version serving as the intermediary link.The study focuses on the cult of the goddess Athena and its importance within the local religious context of Epidauros (ancient city and Asklepieion) on the occasion of the publication of two hitherto unknown statuettes of the goddess, of late Classical and late imperial date respectively. The cult of Athena in Epidauros, although old, remained of secondary importance in relation to that of Asklepios. In the city of Epidauros the goddess was worshipped with the epithet Kissaia, while the close relationship the city maintained with Athens during the early Archaic period is reflected in the worship of two local olive-tree deities, Damia and Auxesia, local versions of the Eleusinian Deities. In the 4th c. BC, the conscious choice of shaping the cult of Asklepios in an exportable, panhellenic cultural product leads to the inclusion in the ritual of bloodless sacrifice preceding incubation of new minor deities, including Athena (probably under Athenian influence). During the Hellenistic and Imperial periods Athena’s position in the Epidaurian pantheon remains secondary, while Attic influence, artistic and religious, gradually but consistently increases. This tendency will lead especially during the 3rd and 4th c. A.D. to the cult of Asklepios being closely connected to that of the Eleusinian Deities, with the latter’s Archaic Epidaurian version serving as the intermediary link
ENTREPRENEURSHIP – RELIGION AND ETHICS: THE ORTHODOX CHURCH'S VIEW OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
Full text linkThis paper examines the relationship between religion and entrepreneurship. Through the analysis of ecclesiastical texts and the approach of ancient and modern philosophers, there is a suspicion of religion towards entrepreneurial activity and the way it affects people. Between the second century and the Enlightenment (in the eighteenth century), Christian theology shaped debates about economic behavior. The main interest of the Church was to recommend and criticize areas where economic actions had moral implications. The Especially Orthodox Church and its Theological approach the awareness of the notion of "Entrepreneurship" to be the study of the relationship of God, Man, and the World. In the way Orthodoxy perceives entrepreneurship, there is a very important distinction: The business owner does not identify with the entrepreneur. Although on the basis of everyday practice each entrepreneur is considered the owner of his business, the theologically ultimate owner is God. God is therefore “Owner” (Κτήτωρ), and "Creator". The possibility of "Creation" establishes the right of Divine property and the assignment of its conditional use. By making a reduction to modern terminology, we could say that God is the "Ownership Shareholder" who provides through franchise raw materials and know-how. In fact, according to the approach of the Orthodox Church, even the "Entrepreneur" man is the property and property of God and that is why in the theological texts it is also referred to as “property part”
THE FUNCTION OF RELIGIOUS FAITH AND BELIEFS IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
Full text linkThis paper is a review of the scientific literature regarding the topic of the function of religious faith and beliefs in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The mentioned papers are exploring a connection between religion and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as well as religion’s influence in the development of OCD, and its effect on the treatment follow-ups. Moreover, it has been shown that there are both positive and negative effects considering scientific evidence and theoretical links about religion and mental health image in the general population. Extended research regarding OCD and religion is provided. Next, we attempt to make a division between religious faith (trust - πίστη - “how we believe”) and religious beliefs (the system regarding the symbol of faith - credo - “what we believe”) and consequently connect them with the already existing research papers additionally with feasible new topics of research
Book Review "T.E. Cinquantaquattro and M. D’Acunto. 2020. EUBOICA II. Pithekoussai and Euboea Between East and West"
No full textΒιβλιοκρισία "T.E. Cinquantaquattro and M. D’Acunto. 2020. EUBOICA II. Pithekoussai and Euboea Between East and West"Book Review "T.E. Cinquantaquattro and M. D’Acunto. 2020. EUBOICA II. Pithekoussai and Euboea Between East and West
Unwinding the thread: interdisciplinary research on early wool craft in Greek prehistory
Full text linkΞετυλίγοντας το νήμα. Διεπιστημονική έρευνα για την πρώιμη εριουργία στην ελληνική προϊστορία.Στο άρθρο συζητούνται τα αποτελέσματα διεπιστημονικής έρευνας για την πρώιμη εριουργία στην ηπειρωτική και νησιωτική Ελλάδα στο διάστημα από την Αρχαιότερη Νεολιθική έως την Πρώιμη Χαλκοκρατία (7η – 3η χιλιετία π.Χ.), μία περίοδο χωρίς αρχαιολογικά τεκμήρια υφασμάτων. Η εφαρμοσθείσα διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση συνδυάζει τη ζωοαρχαιολογία και την τεχνολογική ανάλυση εργαλείων νηματουργίας. Η ζωοαρχαιολογική μελέτη αναζητεί τη δημογραφική σύνθεση των προϊστορικών κοπαδιών, μέσω μιας συνθετικής επανεξέτασης των ηλικιών θανάτωσης των αιγοπροβάτων και τις αναλογίες αρσενικών και θηλυκών προβάτων από δημοσιεύσεις θέσεων του υπό εξέταση διαστήματος. Υπολογίζονται οι συντελεστές μεταβλητότητας από δημοσιευμένες μετρήσεις οστών προβάτων, προκειμένου να διαπιστωθούν αυξομειώσεις του σκελετού του προβάτου στην υπό εξέταση περίοδο, ως αποτέλεσμα βελτίωσης του κοπαδιού. Τέλος, για να ανιχνευθούν τυχόν αλλαγές στο σχήμα του σκελετού του προβάτου, αναλύονται με γεωμετρική μορφομετρία αστράγαλοι προβάτων από δύο περιπτώσεις μελέτης, τους Σιταγρούς Δράμας στη βόρεια Ελλάδα και την Αλεπότρυπα Λακωνίας στην Πελοπόννησο, στη νότια Ελλάδα. Στην τεχνολογική προσέγγιση, γίνεται επισκόπηση των αντικειμένων που έχουν ερμηνευθεί ως σφονδύλια αδραχτιού στις αρχαιολογικές δημοσιεύσεις που αφορούν στο υπό διερεύνηση χρονολογικό πλαίσιο, με σκοπό την αναζήτηση ενδείξεων σημαντικών τεχνολογικών αλλαγών. Τα αποτελέσματα της βιβλιογραφικής έρευνας αλλά και της επιτόπιας εξέτασης των εργαλείων από τους Σιταγρούς και την Αλεπότρυπα συζητούνται μέσα στο πλαίσιο της ανθρωπολογίας της τεχνολογίας. Η τεχνολογική προσέγγιση λαμβάνει υπόψη τόσο τα εθνογραφικά δεδομένα όσο και τα δημοσιευμένα αποτελέσματα της πειραματικής αρχαιολογίας. Η μελέτη καταλήγει στην πρόταση/υπόθεση ότι η εριουργία στην ελληνική προϊστορία ενδεχομένως είχε αρχίσει ήδη από τη Μέση Νεολιθική. Αναμφίβολα, περαιτέρω έρευνα είναι απαραίτητη για τον έλεγχο αυτής της πρότασης/υπόθεσης.This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary research on the beginnings of wool craft in continental and insular Greece between the 7th millennium (Early Neolithic) and the 3rd millennium BC (Early Bronze Age), a period from which no woolen textile remains are preserved. In the zooarchaeological component, a synthetic reassessment of published caprine mortality profiles and sex ratios from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age sites is presented in order to detect patterns of flock construction supporting wool harvest. Furthermore, a statistical reevaluation of published sheep bone measurements from the same contexts is attempted in order to trace skeleton size fluctuations due to sheep improvement efforts. Also, geometric morphometrics analysis was applied to sheep astragali from two case studies, Sitagroi and Alepotrypa, to identify changes in the sheep skeleton shape. In the technological component, spindle whorls from published Neolithic sites and from the better-known Early Bronze Age record were surveyed to detect significant shifts in the technological apparatus of yarn production in the period under study. Data on surface-wear of spindle whorls from the two case-studies, Sitagroi and Alepotrypa, were collected to evaluate the potential of use-wear analysis in the identification of wool spinning. The archaeological data on spindle whorls is discussed in the light of spinning experiments published in the last ten years and with the perspective of ethnographic testimonies on wool spinning. Finally, the experimental activities of wool processing initiated with this project is presented. The combined outcomes of the two research approaches indicate the Middle Neolithic (mid-6th millennium BC) as the earliest horizon in which wool draft may be detected in the region of Greece
ABUSE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENTS OVERVIEW OF THE MODERN RESEARCH
Full text linkChild sexual abuse is widely defined as an adult using a minor for sexual stimulation. Manners of sexual abuse include engaging sexual activities, indecent exposure to a child, grooming a child or production, dissemination or use pornography, involving pictures of kid maltreatment. Aside from potential physical harm to the minor, the psychological effects of children’s sexual misconduct are huge and include psychological incidents from depression to post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety. A special issue is sexual abuse by people who represent God, especially in the Catholic Church, religious institutions and in religious fundamentalist families. Victims all over the globe have reported instances of child sexual abuse by clerics. It is hard to find a country without serious allegations. The main reasons are their position of authority, the celibacy and regular contact with children, in order to educate them, because parents and society relay on their kindness
IMPARTIALITY, EXTROVERSION, AND MENTAL HEALTH OF MODERN ISLAM IN THE LIGHT OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION
Full text linkThis article contains some thoughts-questions, which have arisen with a view to an interactive discussion between (Orthodox) Christian Theology and Islam in the light of the Psychology of Religion. In this short invitation, four issues are briefly presented: (1) the revival of religions and in particular Islam, (2) openness, multi-dimensionality, and resilience of Islam, (3) interfaith dialogue between Christianity and Shi'itic Islam via the Psychology of Religion and the Cultural Psychology of Religion, and (4) the psychotherapeutic nature, and generally the coping, of the Iranian Religion
Ιστορικοποιώντας την ευγονική στην εκπαίδευση και την αναπηρία
Full text linkΣτο παρόν άρθρο εξετάζεται ο βαθμός και η μορφή της επίδρασης που άσκησε η ευγονική στη διαμόρφωση κυρίαρχων λόγων για την εκπαίδευση και την αναπηρία, μια επίδραση που ξεκινάει από τα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα και φτάνει έως τις μέρες μας με τη διαφορά ότι σήμερα εμφανίζεται φτιασιδωμένη από ένα πλαίσιο διαφορετικών αρχών. Στο κείμενο που ακολουθεί παρουσιάζονται μορφές του επιστημονικού λόγου της ευγονικής στην Ελλάδα, κυρίως μέσα από τις επιλογές και τις πρακτικές συγκεκριμένων επιστημόνων της εποχής που σχετίζονταν με τον χώρο της εκπαίδευσης και της αναπηρίας. Μέσα από την ιστορικοποίηση σκιαγραφούνται οι τρόποι με τους οποίους, κοινωνικοί λόγοι μεταφράζονται σε οργανικούς και βιολογικά κληρονομημένους και η εκπαίδευση ιατρικοποιείται και ψυχολογικοποιείται