332 research outputs found
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Sestrin 2 as a new biomarker in obesity and diabetes mellitus: A new key player in the metabolic regulation
Full text linkThe global health crisis of diabetes linked to obesity necessitates innovative biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted treatment. This study explores the pivotal role of sestrins, evolutionarily conserved proteins, in the intricate interplay between obesity and diabetes. Highlighting their significance as regulators of metabolic balance, stress response, and cellular homeostasis, particularly sestrin 2 (SESN2), the study delves into their impact on oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory responses. Recent studies have highlighted the dysregulation of sestrins in obesity and diabetes mellitus, suggesting their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Examining the molecular processes involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) underscores sestrins as potential biomarkers for prognosis and early detection in obesity and diabetes, offering promising avenues for targeted treatments. This commentary highlights the importance of diagnostic and therapeutic potential of sestrins, thus paving the way for personalized management strategies in obesity and diabetes mellitus
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Health Care Professionals in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Mysuru
Full text linkABSTRACT
Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) refers to waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals, posing risks to health and the environment if not managed properly. Proper knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among healthcare professionals are essential for effective BMW management. This study assessed the KAP of healthcare workers regarding BMW in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 healthcare professionals at a private medical college from April 10 to May 10, 2023. Participants were selected using simple random sampling, including consultants, postgraduates, interns, nursing staff, laboratory technicians, and housekeeping staff. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics and BMW-related KAP. Analysis was done using SPSS 28, with frequencies and percentages calculated for categorical variables.
Results: Of the 149 participants, 98.7% had heard about BMW management, and 97.3% were aware of proper handling practices. While 98% adhered to color-coded waste segregation, only 21.5% used hub cutters for needle disposal, raising concerns about needle-stick injuries. Despite 71.8% having received BMW training, gaps in practical application remained. Attitudes were positive, with 94.6% recognizing BMW management\u27s importance, and 83.9% willing to attend further training. Additionally, 83.2% of participants were vaccinated for Hepatitis B.
Conclusion: While healthcare professionals demonstrated high awareness and positive attitudes towards BMW management, low compliance with needle disposal practiceshighlights the needfor regular training and stricter adherence to protocols. Improved practices can reduce injury risks and ensure a safer healthcare environment.
Keywords: Biomedical waste management, waste segregation, complianc
Hampton\u27s Hump- A Rare Radiographic Finding in Pulmonary Embolism
Full text linkBackground- Pulmonary embolism is a condition that is characterized by occlusion of the pulmonary circulation, usually originating from deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. This condition is difficult to diagnose as it can present with a wide spectrum of nonspecific symptoms, making it a life-threatening illness.
Case Description- A 50-year-old man with a medical history of deep vein thrombosis, ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, and COPD presented with fever, cough with expectoration, orthopnea, and exertional dyspnea. A routine X-ray was done and revealed Hampton’s hump, a rare radiographic finding persistent with possible pulmonary embolism.
Conclusion-This case report emphasizes the importance of uncommon radiographic findings in establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Assessing discharge knowledge for caregivers of newborn (Using Video Discharge Instructions as an Adjunct to Standard Written Instructions) in COVID period – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Full text linkBackground: Studies have demonstrated that caregivers of newborn frequently face challenges in comprehending the instructions provided to them upon discharge. Video discharge instructions provide a clear and concise message and can potentially alleviate factors which have an impact on comprehension of caregivers like illiteracy, communication barriers and limited physician time. We aim to assess the impact of incorporating video-based discharge instructions on caregivers\u27 comprehension of newborn care and post-discharge follow-up, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Caregivers of newborn in the COVID times were randomized into written only and written with video discharge instruction groups; at the time of handing over the newborn to attendant, the caregivers were either given standard printed discharge guidelines or watched a 5-minute video based on their newborn diagnosis in addition to standard written guidelines. A 3 days post discharge follow up questionnaire was prepared in order to assess the caregiver’s compliance and knowledge about importance of newborn care information covered in these instructions.
Results: Of the 80 caregivers enrolled, 40 received written and the remaining 40 received video discharge instructions in addition to written instructions. The follow-up questionnaire was completed by all the 80 caregivers. Statistically significant associations (p
Conclusions: When compared to written discharge instructions alone, the addition of short, clear, and concise video discharge instructions improved caregiver’s understanding and satisfaction following discharge
Curating And Validating Universally Applicable Primers For Efficient ITS2-Based DNA Barcoding Across Plant Taxa
Full text linkAbstract: Rapid and accurate identification of plant species increasingly seeks to employ molecular techniques. The ITS2 region is highly regarded in DNA barcoding due to its short length and ease of sequencing, making it an ideal candidate for species identificatio
Group Approach: Inter-Institute Interactive Sessions for Psychiatry Postgraduate Residents on Mastering the art of Prioritization in Everyday Learning.
Full text linkCollaboration and knowedge-sharing are essential in Psychiatry as complex mental health challenges require innovative solutions. Inter-institute interactive sessions are important platforms, providing psychiatry postgraduate residents with opportunities to connect, exchange ideas, and advance their understanding of the field collectively. Inter-institution sessions help break the geographic barriers between institutions and build bridges that foster collaboration, networking, and professional growth. There is hardly any literature available on these aspects. The Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Myusru organized an interactive session between psychiatry post-graduates of JSS Medical College and Mysore Medical College. Students were informed about the rules of the group approach that was planned for 90 minutes. Students were asked to narrate how they prioritize learning on an everyday basis. The process and outcome are elaborated here
Comparative Study on Nutrition Knowledge and Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Athletes and Fitness Practitioners
Full text linkBackground: The use of dietary supplements, in the form of protein powders, branched chain amino-aids, multi-vitamins and minerals is widespread in the field of nutrition, fitness and aesthetics to boost nutrition levels, enhance athletic performance or assist in weight loss. The present survey was carried out to study the nutritional knowledge and consumption of dietary supplements among athletes and gym-goers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among athletes and gym-goers (n=100) selected from various gym and stadium in the city of Mysore using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The knowledge and consumption of dietary supplements was higher among gym-goers when compared to that of athletes. Majority (52%) of the gym-goers consumed supplements which included Whey protein in powder form (80%) from past one year. The side effects of supplement consumption was observed among 9.5% athletes. Conclusion: The use of supplements among gym goers was very high which can further lead to health illness eventually. Therefore, this study recommends that users should be sensitized on the importance, protective measures and side effects of using excess nutritional supplements without the consultations of nutritionists/dietetians
To Compare the Efficacy of Oral Deflazacort, Oral Prednisolone and Inhaled Budesonide in the Treatment of Salbutamol Refractory Acute Asthma in Children
Full text linkAbstract
Background: A 22-month open-label randomized comparative study was conducted at tertiary care centre attached to medical college in metropolitan city in Maharashtra from Dec 2011 to Oct 2013, aiming to compare the effectiveness of three corticosteroid treatments - oral deflazacort, oral prednisolone, and inhaled budesonide in managing salbutamol-refractory asthma in children aged 1-14 years.
Methods: 90 afebrile children were equally allocated to the different treatment arms. Treatment arm A received oral Deflazacort (1mg/kg/day alternate day), treatment arm B received oral prednisolone (1mg/kg/day), and treatment arm C received budesonide inhaler (100 mcg/puff twice a day) for seven days, along with salbutamol inhalations twice a day. The primary outcome measured was the change in FEV1 and PEFR as a percentage of the predicted value from baseline, and secondary outcomes included changes in FVC, wheeze frequency, VCD, and FEV1/FVC.
Results: Wheeze varied across treatment arms on day 3 (A: 16.3%, B: 26.7%, C: 70.0%), day 7 (A: 10.0%, B: 0.0%, C: 10.0%), and day 28 (A: 16.7%, B: 0.0%, C: 16.7%). Mean PEFR values on days 1, 3, 7, and 28 were 140.67, 180, 202.67, 216.67 for Treatment Arm A; 141.43, 190, 203, 221 for Treatment Arm B; and 151.00, 179.33, 187.33, 202.00 for Treatment Arm C, respectively. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC scores showed no significant differences across the three treatment arms.
Conclusion: In treating salbutamol-refractory asthma in children, all three medications displayed comparable efficacy, aiding clinicians in treatment selection and improving outcomes. Future research should prioritize long-term effects and safety for optimal management
Evaluation of the role of prolactin to prevent diabetic retinopathy
Full text linkAbstract:
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a one of the long-term complications of DM and constitutes the leading cause of blindness in working-age individuals and affects a majority of diabetic patients by 20 years after disease onset.
Objective: The aim of this study it investigation of the potential role of prolactin in the prevention of Diabetic retinopathy.
Methods: The study was conducted on 90 diabetic patients who were divided into a group that included 37 patients without retinopathy and a group that included 27 patients with non-proliferative retinopathy and 26 patients with proliferative retinopathy who attended the Endocrinology clinic and Division at Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia during the period from 2023 to 2024.
Results: Independent samples T-test analysis showed Significant decreased in prolactin level in diabetic patients with DR in comparison to diabetic patients without DR (p=0.0001). Person correlation showed a statistically significant inverse relationship between prolactin levels and Glycosylated hemoglobin levels between patient groups.
Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that diabetic patients with retinopathy had lower level of prolactin and serum prolactin does seem to have protective role in diabetic retinopathy
Alkaptonuria Presenting with Back Pain: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Full text linkAlkaptonuria is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase, resulting in homogentisic acid accumulation in tissues. It is characterised by homogentisic aciduria, ochronosis, and arthritis. We hereby discuss a 46-year-old male who presented with progressive lower back pain and polyarthralgia for ten years, initially diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. Characteristic skin pigmentation, ochronosis, and radiological findings led to the correct diagnosis of alkaptonuria. This case highlights the importance of considering alkaptonuria as a differential diagnosis for chronic back pain and arthritis, mainly when sacroiliac joints are spared, and ochronosis is present. While no cure exists, early diagnosis allows for potential management strategies to reduce homogentisic acid accumulation and alleviate symptoms