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Prevalence and Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Hypertensive Patients
Full text linkHypertension ranks among the top ten causes of mortality, with around 4% attributed to hypertensive complications. High salt intake, Type 2 diabetes, smoking, elevated serum lipids, a sedentary lifestyle, a diet heavy in saturated fat, genetic predisposition, as well as stress are among the factors that contribute to hypertension. Hypertension affects about 1 billion people worldwide, with considerable differences between populations and ethnic groups [2]. The Framingham Heart Study indicates that a person\u27s lifetime risk of developing hypertension is 90% if they are normotensive at age 55. According to the NHANES IV (4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), the occurrence of hypertension in the US is 28.7%; it varies from 7.2% in people 18–39 years old to 65.4% in people 60 years of age and above. One important risk factor for peripheral vascular, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension exhibits a robust, ongoing, and progressive association with these conditions. A person\u27s risk of heart failure, coronary heart disease, and other cardiovascular events is doubled or quadrupled by hypertension, according to longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study, even in women. Aim and Objective: To investigate the patterns and prevalence of abnormalities related to cardiovascular risk factors in young patients with hypertension. To assess the impact of social, clinical, demographic, & socioeconomic factors on the lipid profile abnormalities in these patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients diagnosed with hypertension at the outpatient department of Andhra Medical College and King George Hospital between July 2018 and October 2020. Study Group: The study included people who have newly diagnosed hypertension who were between the ages of thirty and forty. Patients on antihypertensive medication, those with secondary hypertension, newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with complications like ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, nephropathy, or retinopathy, or hypertensive patients who are diabetics or alcoholics were the exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Hypertension significantly elevates lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Gender, smoking, obesity, physical activity, and socioeconomic status influence these abnormalities. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and consider longitudinal designs to evaluate the effect of treatment for dyslipidemia on hypertension & vice versa
A Previous Thyroidectomy- the Culprit of Laryngospasm Several Years On!
Full text linkLaryngospasm is the sustained closure of the vocal cords resulting in partial or complete loss of airway patency. Among the several causes of laryngospasm, history of total thyroidectomy performed several years back, though reported, is a rare occurrence. We present here the case report of a lady with an uneventful intra operative course of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy who developed stridor and laryngospasm in the immediate post operative period. Evaluation revealed unilateral vocal cord palsy and hypocalcemia. Compensated unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and asymptomatic hypocalcemia can exist in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy and can result in stridor several years later. A pre-operative calcium estimation and documentation of the vocal cord position by indirect laryngoscopy will help the anesthesiologist to be better prepared to deal with the complications
Fabrication of Implant Supported Hybrid Denture using Multi-unit abutments in a patient with Generalised Aggressive Periodontitis
Full text linkThis case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a geriatric patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis. The patient was advised to for full extraction. An implant supported hybrid prosthesis with multi-unit abutments was fabricated for the patient who chose a fixed kind of prosthesis. Implants were placed in the maxillary & mandibular arch. Frameworks were waxed, plastic castable abutments were used for casting, denture teeth were waxed to the hybrid framework and a final wax try-in to check and adjust the maxilla-mandibular relationships before processing, the prosthesis was placed. The clinical and radiologic results met expectations
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF CHATGPT IN RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC WRITING
Full text linkBackground: ChatGPT has proven to be an invaluable tool, enabling human-like interactions, and facilitating knowledge exchange. It possesses the ability to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses based on the input it receives. In essence, ChatGPT responds to anything in a conversational manner and provides an output that looks like human writing. However, with the rapid advancement of medical research, there is an increasing concern that ChatGPT may be abused to create articles devoid of clinical reasoning and critical thinking.
METHODS: A through literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google scholar to find relevant article according to objective.
RESULTS: Relevant articles were critically analyzed and ChatGPT was proven to be an invaluable tool, enabling human-like interactions, and facilitating knowledge exchange. Although ChatGPT may produce excellent scientific content, its correctness, and integrity in academic writing have been questioned because the material it provides comprises both true and fabricated stuff. Like any technology, ChatGPT possesses both a vast scope and inherent limitations that must be acknowledged and understood to ensure its responsible use.
Conclusion: By recognizing and addressing challenges with the it’s use, we can unlock the true potential of ChatGPT while ensuring its responsible and ethical use, ultimately leveraging AI to benefit society at large. As AI continues to evolve, ongoing research and responsible development are imperative to unlock the true potential of conversational AI and foster a more beneficial and inclusive future
Stark contrast in prevalence and correlates of mental disorder in the Arabic and Indian populations.
Full text linkThe Indian and Saudi Arabian (a prototypical Arab nation) national mental health surveys were compared. In comparison to Saudi Arabia, India had a 2.5-fold lower lifetime prevalence of mental illnesses, a 3.8-fold lower current prevalence, and a 7-fold lower prevalence of serious mental disorders. All mental disorders, except drug use disorder, were less common in India. Being over 40 years old and having a better education level had a greater rate of mental illness in India; conversely, being a woman increases the risk of mental illness in Saudi Arabia, particularly anxiety and eating disorders. Besides substance abuse disorders, the treatment gap for mental illnesses is larger in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the comparison suggests a contrasting difference in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and their demographic correlation varies between the Indian and Saudi Arabian populations. There is a need to understand as to why such discrepancies exist
Management Of Extracranial Schwannomas In Head And Neck Region - An Observational Study
Full text linkABSTRACT
Background: Schwannomas, benign tumors arising from Schwann cells, often manifest as slow-growing lesions in the peripheral nerve sheath. While typically asymptomatic, they can affect cranial and peripheral nerves. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, but preserving nerve function poses challenges.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 12 cases of benign head and neck schwannomas diagnosed at Department of ENT, SCB Medical College, Orissa, India between 2021 and 2023. Data encompassed patient demographics, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods, surgical approaches, histopathology, and follow-up outcomes. Pre-operative investigations included Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Ultrasonography, and imaging.
Results: Predominantly middle-aged and male patients presented with painless swelling, commonly in the cervical region, tongue, nose, and hard palate. Mean symptom duration was 8.5 months. Imaging depicted characteristic features, guiding surgical planning. Various approaches ensured complete excision, preserving nerve function. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, with positive S-100 staining. No cases showed malignancy or recurrence during follow-up.
Conclusions: Head and neck schwannomas, though rare, present diagnostic and management challenges. Pre-operative diagnosis relies on imaging and biopsy, with surgical excision essential for treatment. Nerve preservation minimizes post-operative complications. Despite diagnostic difficulties, maintaining a high index of suspicion for schwannomas in patients with painless, slow-growing swellings is crucial
Grading of Malnutrition Among Under 5 Children Residing in Urban Slum in Mysuru Using WHO Classification and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Classification: A Comparative Study
Full text linkBackground
Malnutrition in Indian children under five is widespread, driven by insufficient food intake and diseases like diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Factors such as food security, maternal literacy, and healthcare access influence malnutrition rates. Growth monitoring utilizes WHO standards globally and IAP guidelines in India. Implementing these charts improves early identification and management of malnutrition, crucial for addressing childhood health challenges in India. This study compare the prevalence of malnutrition in WHO classification with Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) classification among under 5 children residing in urban slum.
Methodology
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 6 to 60 months attending Anganwadi centres. Socio-demographic details was obtatined and anthropometric measurements were plotted on IAP and WHO growth charts. Data was summarized and represented in tables.
Results
Among 145 children, 50.3% were females. Mean age of the children were 3.8 ± 1.2 years and majority belonged to Hindu religion (71%) followed by Muslims (26.2%). According to WHO chart, 92(63.4%) are normal and 51(35.2%) were underweight while with the IAP, 114(78.6%) are normal and 29(20%) were underweight. 2 children (1.4%) were overweight according to both the classification.
Conclusion
Both WHO and IAP classification can be used for the screening. IAP classification is more suitable for the Indian population
Effectiveness of oil pulling using coconut oil and sesame oil in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine and placebo in plaque reduction- A randomized control trial’
Full text linkContext: Oil pulling has multiple oral health benefits toward gingival and overall health. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of oil pulling using sesame and coconut oils. Settings and Design: JSS High School, Suttur, Nanjangud Taluk, Mysuru Randomised controlled double-blinded parallel-arm study. Methods and Material: Participants selected were divided into four groups randomly. Mouth rinse bottles containing coconut oil, sesame oil, chlorhexidine and placebo were coded and distributed. Follow up was done on the seventh day and fourteenth day. Results: The study groups showed statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Oil pulling is effective in oral plaque control
Development and Validation of the Attitude and Perceptions Questionnaires for Healthcare Professionals and General Public Towards Digital Health Technologies (DHT): A Single – Centre Study
Full text linkIntroduction: The increasing development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in medicine, driven by researchers and entrepreneurs, has led to enormous expectations for medical care advancement. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to explore the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients towards digital health technologies.
Methods: Questionnaires were developed based on an extensive literature search and expert opinions. The questionnaires were subjected to content and face validations. Multirater kappa coefficient of agreement was performed for determining interrater agreement.
Results: Two questionnaires were developed, one 11-item for healthcare professionals and 14-item for the general public. Seven out of ten items achieved acceptable universal agreement between experts for relevance (S-CVI/UA = 0.73) for the questionnaire for the general public. All ten items achieved acceptable universal agreement between experts for relevance (S-CVI/UA = 1.00). The average proportion of items judged as simple and clear in meaning across the ten raters was 99% and 100% for the general public and HCPs, respectively.
Conclusion: The Kappa for both the questionnaires for the general public and healthcare professionals was found to be \u3e 0.74, which was excellent. The questionnaires were satisfactory for all proportion agreements (content validity) and kappa coefficient analyses
Emerging Mania in Young Adulthood: A Case Report of Idiopathic Fahr\u27s Syndrome Unveiling Neuropsychiatric Dimensions
Full text linkThis case report outlines the diagnosis and management of an 18-year-old male presenting with first episode mania, attributed to idiopathic Fahr\u27s Syndrome. Despite having no significant past medical or psychiatric history, the patient exhibited classic manic symptoms alongside grandiose delusions. Notably, CT imaging revealed brain calcifications characteristic of Fahr\u27s Syndrome, absent metabolic disturbances commonly associated with the disorder. This case underscores the clinical complexity of Fahr\u27s Syndrome, illustrating its potential to manifest primarily with psychiatric symptoms and the importance of integrating neuroimaging in the psychiatric evaluation to uncover underlying neurological disorders